高寒牧区不同菊芋品种茎叶青贮的饲用价值

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闫琦, 张世挺, 赵长明, 刘培培, 张娇娇, 王跃华, 魏海燕, 王宪举, 吕世奇, 丁路明. 高寒牧区不同菊芋品种茎叶青贮的饲用价值. 草业科学, 2018,35(6): 1568-1573
Yan Qi, Zhang Shi-ting, Zhao Chang-ming, Liu Pei-pei, Zhang Jiao-jiao, Wang Yue-hua, Wei Hai-yan, Wang Xian-ju, Lyu Shi-qi, Ding Lu-ming. Evaluation of the nutritional value of silage from stems and leaves of different Jerusalem artichoke varieties in an alpine region. Pratacultural Science, 2018,35(6): 1568-1573. 复制到剪切板

Doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2017-0312
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《草业科学》编辑部

高寒牧区不同菊芋品种茎叶青贮的饲用价值

闫琦¹, 张世挺¹, 赵长明¹, 刘培培¹, 张娇娇¹, 王跃华², 魏海燕¹, 王宪举¹, 吕世奇¹, 丁路明¹

1.兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州 730000

2.西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌 712100

通讯作者:丁路明(1977-),山东日照人,副教授,硕导,博士,主要从事反刍家畜营养、有机肥生产与利用领域的研究。E-mail:dinglm@lzu.edu.cn

第一作者:闫琦(1993-),山西吕梁人,在读硕士生,主要从事反刍动物饲料的研究。E-mail:yanq2016@lzu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2017-06-06 接受日期: 2017-09-19

资助项目: 甘肃省科技计划项目(17YF1WA164); 青海省重点实验室专项(2013-Z-Y03); 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501805); 青海省科技支撑计划项目(2017-NK-154); 兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2015-k14)

摘要

为筛选高寒牧区产量高、营养价值高的菊芋( Helianthus tuberosus)品种,采用随机区组设计和袋装青贮方法,研究了3个本地菊芋品种(菊芋17号、菊芋47号、菊芋119号)的利用价值和青贮潜力。结果表明,1)品种间地上生物量、株高均差异极显著( P<0.01)。参试品种119号株高最高,地上生物量最大。2)品种间青贮pH和有机酸含量均呈极显著差异( P<0.01)。17号pH最高,乳酸含量最低,而其余两品种间差异不显著( P>0.05);119号乙酸、丙酸含量最高,分别为0.71%、0.60%。3)品种间干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗灰分(Ash)、相对饲用价值(RFV)均差异显著( P<0.05)。119号DM含量最高,为19.8%;47号CP和Ash含量最低,119号和17号CP和Ash含量均差异不显著( P>0.05);119号NDF、ADF含量显著低于17号和47号( P<0.05);119号RFV为170.63,较17号、47号分别高出15.8%、17.6%。综合各品种干物质产量、相对饲用价值、青贮发酵品质和营养品质,菊芋119号作为青贮饲料在高寒地区具有较大的潜在推广利用价值。

关键词: 菊芋; 品种; 青贮; 高寒地区; 发酵品质; 营养价值; 饲用价值

中图分类号:S816.15 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-0629(2018)06-1568-06

Evaluation of the nutritional value of silage from stems and leaves of different Jerusalem artichoke varieties in an alpine region

Yan Qi¹, Zhang Shi-ting¹, Zhao Chang-ming¹, Liu Pei-pei¹, Zhang Jiao-jiao¹, Wang Yue-hua², Wei Hai-yan¹, Wang Xian-ju¹, Lyu Shi-qi¹, Ding Lu-ming¹

1.Key Laboratory of Grassland Agricultural Ecosystem of Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

2.College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture andForestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Corresponding author: Ding Lu-ming E-mail:dinglm@lzu.edu.cn

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to select Jerusalem artichoke ( Helianthus tuberosus) varieties with high yields and nutrition in an alpine area. Three varieties (17, 47, and 119) were planted and harvested at the bud stage to make silage from stems and leaves. The results were as follows: 1) There were significant differences in plant height and biomass ( P<0.01) among the three varieties, with variety 119 having the highest plant height and biomass. 2) The pH and organic acid content of the silage showed significant differences among the three varieties ( P<0.01). Variety 17 silage had the highest pH and lowest lactic acid content, whereas the other two varieties did not show significant differences ( P>0.05). Variety 119 silage had the highest acetic acid and propionic acid content (0.71% and 0.60%, respectively). 3) The content of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude ash (Ash), and relative feeding value (RFV) were significantly different among the three varieties ( P<0.05). The DM of variety 119 was higher than that of varieties 17 and 47. The lowest content of CP and Ash was found in variety 47, and there were no significant differences in CP and Ash between variety 17 and variety 119 ( P>0.05). The NDF and ADF content of variety 119 was significantly lower than those of varieties 47 and 17. The RFV of variety 119 was significantly higher than that of varieties 17 and 47. In conclusion, variety 119 showed the best nutritional feed value and productivity in an alpine area in the present study.

Key words: Jerusalem artichoke; cultivars; silage; feed value; fermentation quality; nutritive value; alpine plateau

文章图片

青藏高原地势高, 空气稀薄, 冬季寒冷漫长, 有“ 世界屋脊” 和“ 第三极” 之称, 是我国主要牧区之一。较其他牧区相比, 青藏高原牧草生长期短, 产量低, 天然草地牧草供应存在明显的季节不平衡^[1]。因此, 鼓励牧民种植耐寒抗旱的饲草作物用作冬季补饲, 是缓解天然草地压力, 保障当地畜牧业发展的有效手段之一。

菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus), 又名鬼子姜、洋姜, 多年宿根性草本植物, 具有块状地下茎及纤维状根, 原产于北美温带地区, 17世纪传入欧洲, 之后传入中国。菊芋适应性强, 具有耐寒抗旱, 耐贫瘠、耐病、抗逆性强等特点, 是一种能利用多年的粗放型植物^{[2, 3]}。菊芋因其地上茎和叶片产量高, 营养价值丰富, 适口性好, 被视为一种优质粗饲料^[4]。目前, 菊芋在高寒地区被广泛种植, 青海省的种植面积已经超过1 333 h ${m^{2}}^{[5]}$ 。菊芋作为动物饲料的传统使用方法是将其茎叶通过晾晒或风干制作干草来使用, 但这种方法使菊芋茎叶中粗蛋白含量、适口性和消化率下降, 降低了饲料的利用率^[6]。青贮作为饲料的另一种贮藏方式, 通过微生物发酵作用产生有机酸, 能更大程度地保存菊芋茎叶的鲜嫩及其营养价值, 且青贮后产生的芳香味道, 能刺激家畜的食欲, 增加采食量, 提高菊芋的利用价值。

关于菊芋青贮, 薛艳林等^[2]从生物添加剂和填装密度对菊芋青贮品质的影响进行研究, Bingö l等^[7]分析了糖蜜和甲酸添加剂对菊芋青贮品质的影响。但目前关于青藏高原不同菊芋品种青贮饲料饲用价值的评价鲜见报道。因此, 本研究利用青藏高原菊芋自身附着的乳酸菌, 研究高寒地区常见菊芋品种青贮的品质, 以期为高寒地区选育高产优质的菊芋品种提供科学依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验地概况

试验地设在甘肃省甘南藏族自治州合作市, 兰州大学高寒草地与湿地生态系统野外定位研究站(102° 53' E、34° 55' N)。平均海拔2 900 m, 年均降水量550 mm, 主要集中在6-9月, 年平均气温-8.9~11.5 ℃, 属大陆性季风气候, 植被类型为亚高山草甸。

1.2 试验材料与青贮调制

试验采取随机区组设计。供试品种选用地上生物量较高的菊芋17号(丹麦引进), 菊芋47号(南京农业大学选育)和119号(兰州大学选育), 种子由兰州大学菊芋研究中心提供。2016年5月12日播种, 每个品种重复种植3个小区, 每个小区3 m× 6 m, 行距50 cm, 株距40 cm, 种植期间覆膜但不施肥。2016年8月1日, 将处于孕蕾前期的菊芋齐地刈割, 刈割后, 剪成2~3 cm小段, 分两份。其中一份采用微波炉快速测定水分的方法测定每个品种的含水量^[8]; 另一份晾晒至水分含量80%左右时, 将不同品种菊芋鲜草按每袋200 g装入30 cm× 23 cm聚乙烯青贮袋中, 每个品种重复3次, 用真空包装机抽真空并封口, 置于常温条件下(25~37 ℃)贮藏发酵, 于60 d后, 开封取样测定发酵品质和营养成分。菊芋原样化学成分如表1所列。

表1 菊芋原样的化学成分 Table 1 Chemical composition of Jerusalem artichoke stems after harvesting

1.3 测定项目及其方法

1.3.1 菊芋株高及产量测定株高:收获前, 各小区随机取10株测株高, 株高为地面到植株最高处高度。产量:孕蕾前期, 采用随机取样法, 各小区分别刈割1m², 带回实验室在65 ℃鼓风干燥箱内烘干至恒重, 测其水分含量并计算干物质产量^[9]。

1.3.2 感官鉴定按照德国农业协会(DLG)青贮评分标准及等级评定方法, 从色泽、气味、质地等方面对菊芋青贮进行综合评定^[10]。

1.3.3 发酵品质及营养成分的测定取青贮后样品各20 g, 加入180 mL去离子水, 用组织搅碎机搅碎1 min, 然后用4层纱布过滤, 之后用pH仪测滤液的pH^{[11, 12]}; 将滤液3 500 r· min^-1离心15 min, 经0.22 μ m滤膜过滤, 用高效液相色谱仪(SHI-MADZE-10A)分析乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量, 色谱柱为ShodexRspak KC-811S-DVB gel Column 300 mm× 8 mm, 流动相为3 mmol· L^-1高氯酸, 流速为1 mL· min^-1, 进样量为5 μ L, 柱温50 ℃, 检测波长210 nm^{[1, 2]}将各品种青贮样品置于65 ℃烘箱中至恒重, 测定干物质(DM)含量。烘干样品用微型植物粉碎机粉碎后过0.42 mm筛用于常规养分的测定。粗灰分(Ash)测定参照《饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术》(第三版)^[11]进行测定; 粗蛋白(CP)含量使用凯氏定氮仪(JK-9830)测定; 中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)使用纤维分析仪(ANKOM-2000i)进行测定。

相对饲料相对值(RFV)=DMI× DDM/1.29;

DMI=120/NDF;

DDM=88.9-0.779ADF。

式中:DMI(drymatteritake)为粗饲料干物质的随意采食量, 单位为占体重的百分比; DDM(digestibledrymatter)为可消化的干物质, 单位为占干物质的百分比^[13]。

1.4 数据分析

采用Excel 2016做基础数据处理, 用SPSS19.0软件的单因素方差分析对数据进行方差分析, 结果表示为平均值± 标准误。

2 结果与分析

2.1 菊芋青贮的感官评价

发酵60 d后, 所有处理的青贮饲料样品均呈现黄绿色, 色泽上无明显差别; 质地较好, 茎叶间没有发生霉变, 无粘手现象产生; 均有芳香味或面包香味。各处理后的样品均达到了优良等级。

2.2 不同菊芋品种株高、干物质产量

不同菊芋品种株高、干物质产量不同(表2)。品种之间株高差异极显著(P< 0.01), 菊芋119号株高最高为165.67 cm, 17号次之, 47号最低, 为114.00 cm。孕蕾期, 品种间干物质产量差异极显著(P< 0.01), 119号参试品种干物质产量为26.10 t· hm^-2, 较品种17号和47号分别高出20.83%、57.23%。

表2 不同菊芋品种株高及干物质产量 Table 2 Plant height and dry matter yield of different Jerusalem artichoke variety

2.3 菊芋青贮发酵品质分析

菊芋品种17号pH为5.54, 显著高于其他2个品种(P< 0.05)(表3), 而47和119号间的pH差异性不显著(P> 0.05), 整体上, 各品种青贮料均达到青贮发酵所需的微酸环境; 17号乳酸含量最低, 47号和119号之间差异不显著(P> 0.05); 菊芋47号乙酸含量显著低于菊芋17号和119号(P< 0.05), 17号和119号的乙酸含量无显著差异(P> 0.05); 3个品种的丙酸含量差异显著, 菊芋47号含量最低, 119号含量最高。总体看, 孕蕾前期菊芋119号的青贮效果最好。

2.4 菊芋青贮营养成分分析

各品种间菊芋青贮饲料的干物质、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和粗灰分含量差异显著(P< 0.05)(表4)。菊芋119号青贮饲料的干物质含量为19.80%, 显著高于其他两个品种(P< 0.05), 而中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于品种17和47(P< 0.05); 菊芋47号粗蛋白含量显著低于其他两个品种(P< 0.05), 仅为9.52%, 而119号与17号间差异不显著(P> 0.05); 47号粗灰分含量最低(15.27%), 其他两品种间差异不显著(P> 0.05)。菊芋119号相对饲用价值最高(177.63), 17号和47号间无显著差异(P> 0.05)。由此可见, 119号青贮后具有较高的营养价值。

3 讨论

株高和干物质产量是直接衡量植物自然生长或不同农艺措施下生长趋势的基本指标^{[14, 15]}。菊芋作为饲草使用一般是将其地上茎、叶直接刈割后进行青贮, 因此筛选地上生物量高的品种可以获得较高的饲料产量。影响作物产量的因素有很多, 包括种植密度、环境光温、品种、水分管理、施肥量等^[16]。本研究结果显示, 菊芋119号地上干物质产量达到26.1 t· hm^-2, 显著高于其他两个品种, 这主要是由于119号为甘肃本土培育品种, 较其他两个引进品种更能适应青藏高原的气候条件。

表3 菊芋青贮的发酵品质 Table 3 Fermentation characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke silage

表4 菊芋青贮的营养品质 Table 4 Nuteitive characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke silage

有机酸是青贮过程中微生物的代谢产物, 乳酸是该过程产生的主要有机酸, 如果青贮发酵较差则会产生较多的丁酸^[17], pH和有机酸含量是青贮品质的关键性评价指标^{[18, 19]}, 发酵后, 乳酸含量越高, 丁酸含量越低表明青贮较好容易保存, 发酵品质高^[20]。马春晖等^[21]指出, pH在3.9~4.2时, 发酵质量良好; pH在4.4~4.7时, 发酵质量一般; pH在4.7以上质量劣等。本研究中所有青贮pH都位于4.6以上, 说明菊芋茎秆直接青贮产酸效果不佳, 需要与含糖量较高的青贮玉米混合青贮, 或青贮时添加乳酸菌剂以提高青贮效果。

粗蛋白是饲草的重要营养指标。孔涛等^[22]对阜新5种菊芋品种成熟期茎叶营养成分分析发现, 5种菊芋品种茎叶粗蛋白含量为3.34%~6.65%, 而本研究中, 3种菊芋粗蛋白含量为9.52%~12.93%, 这主要是因为本研究菊芋收割时期在孕蕾期, 较成熟期菊芋茎秆粗蛋白含量高。所以采用菊芋茎秆做饲草料, 为了提高其营养价值, 建议在成熟期之前进行收获。菊芋47号品种茎秆青贮粗蛋白含量最低, 主要是因为该品种叶片量较其他两个品种少。中性洗涤纤维是目前反映纤维质量好坏最有效的指标, 其含量与动物采食量有关^[1]。酸性洗涤纤维与动物消化率有关, 酸性洗涤纤维含量越高, 消化率越低^[2]。本研究中, 119号NDF、ADF含量最低, 证明119号较其他两品种能增加动物采食量, 提高动物消化率, 更有利于畜牧产业的发展。关于青贮中性洗涤纤维含量的研究, 张金霞等^[23]认为, 中性洗涤纤维含量在38%~48%时, 即可满足不同阶段奶牛纤维需要, 本研究中所有品种NDF含量均达到该标准。

4 结论

综合参试菊芋品种的地上生物量、相对饲用价值、营养成分和青贮发酵品质, 119号菊芋与其他两品种相比, 具有较好的发酵品质和营养品质, 最适宜作为优质饲草在高寒牧区广泛种植。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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[2]	薛艳林, 孙林, 殷国梅, 张园园, 白春生, 孙娟娟, 门果桃, 赵和平, 玉柱. 生物添加剂和填装密度对菊芋青贮饲料品质的影响. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2017(1): 39-43. Xue Y L, Sun L, Yin G M, Zhang Y Y, Bai C S, Sun J J, Men G T, Zhao H P, Yu Z. *Effect of bio-additives and packing density on fermentation quality of Helianthus tuberosus* L. silage*. Animal Husband ry and Feed Science*, 2017(1): 39-43. (in Chinese) [本文引用:4]
[3]	乌日娜, 朱铁霞, 于永奇, 高凯. 菊芋的研究现状及开发潜力. 草业科学, 2013, 30(8): 1295-1300. Wurina, Zhu T X, Yu Y Q, Gao K. Study on status and exploiting potential of Helianthus tuberosus. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(8): 1295-1300. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[4]	赵晓川, 王卓龙, 孙金艳. 菊芋在畜牧生产中的应用. 黑龙江农业科学, 2006(6): 39-40. Zhao X C, Wang Z L, Sun J Y. The application of Jerusalem artichoke in livestock production. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2006(6): 39-40. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[5]	陈秋云. 青海高寒地区菊芋的高产栽培模式. 中国种业, 2011(s1): 78. Chen Q Y. *Cultivation mode of Helianthus tuberosus* in alpine region of Qinghai Province*. Chinese Seed Industry*, 2011(s1): 78. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[6]	张琳, 德科加. 青藏高原特种青贮牧草的品质评定试验. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2007, 37(1): 15-16. Zhang L, Dekejia. Experiment of quality evaluation of special silage in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2007, 37(1): 15-16. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[7]	Bingöl N T, Karsli M A, Akça Í. *The effects of molasses and formic acid addition into Jerusalem artichoke* green mass in silage quality and digesitibility*. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Yuzuncu Yil*, 2010(1): 11-14. [本文引用:1]
[8]	Chen P F, Rong Y P, Zhu Y U, Han J G. Determination of moisture in alfalfa by microwave oven. Chinese Journal of Grassland , 2006, 28(3): 53-55. [本文引用:1]
[9]	田静, 谢昭良, 刘家杏, 许留兴, 唐国建, 张建国. 冬闲田种植大麦不同生育期的营养价值和青贮品质. 草业科学, 2017, 34(4): 753-760. Tian J, Xie Z L, Liu J X, Xu L X, Tang G J, Zhang J G. Nutritive value and silage quality of barley grown in winter fallow fields and harvested at different growth stages. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(4): 753-760. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[10]	玉柱, 陶莲, 陈燕, 云鹏. 添加玉米秸秆对两种三叶草青贮品质的影响. 中国奶牛, 2009(4): 15-18. Yuzhu, Tao L, Chen Y, Yun P. Effect of supplying corn stover on the quality of two species clover mixed silage. China Dairy Cattle, 2009(4): 15-18. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[11]	张丽英. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术. 第三版. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2007. Zhang L Y. Analysis of Feed and Feed Quality Detection Technique. 3rd edition. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2007. (in Chinese) [本文引用:2]
[12]	侯建建, 白春生, 张庆, 玉柱. 单一和复合乳酸菌添加水平对苜蓿青贮营养品质及蛋白组分的影响. 草业科学, 2016, 33(10): 2119-2125. Hou J J, Bai C S, Zhang Q, Yuzhu. Effects of different additive amount of single and multiple lactic acid bacteria on the silage quality and protein fractions of alfalfa. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(10): 2119-2125. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[13]	施清平, 徐赵红, 张建国. 十个玉米品种在广州种植和青贮的潜力研究. 草业学报, 2017, 26(3): 175-182. Shi Q P, Xu Z H, Zhang J G. Comparison of ten corn varieties as silage material in Guangzhou. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 26(3): 175-182. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[14]	田迅, 朱铁霞, 乌日娜, 刘辉, 高凯. 断根对菊芋块茎产量及品质的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 12(2): 2083-2088. Tian X, Zhu T X, Wurina, Liu H, Gao K. Effects of root cutting on tuber yield and quality in Helianthus tuberosus. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 12(2): 2083-2088. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[15]	杨楠, 丁玉川, 焦晓燕, 王劲松, 董二伟, 王立革, 武萍. 种植密度对高粱群体生理指标、产量及其构成因素的影响. 农学学报, 2013, 3(7): 11-17. Yang N, Ding Y C, Jiao X Y, Wang J S, Dong E W, Wang L G, Wu P. Effects of plant density on population physiological indices, grain yield and yield component factors of Sorghum. Journal of Agriculture, 2013, 3(7): 11-17. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[16]	门果桃, 张宇, 邓忠泉, 刘俊, 门永亮, 陈利平, 缪凯, 孙广琴. 密度、基肥、追肥对菊芋产量的影响. 北方农业学报, 2016, 44(4): 41-45. Men G T, Zhang Y, Deng Z Q, Liu J, Men Y L, Chen L P, Miu K, Sun G Q. Effects of density and base fertilizer and topdressing on the tuber yield of Jerusalem artichoke. Journal of Agriculture in the North, 2016, 44(4): 41-45. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[17]	金华平, 刘晓风, 袁月祥, 闫志英, 廖银章, 刘克鑫, 王安. 不同添加剂对玉米秸秆青贮发酵效果的影响. 应用与环境生物学报, 2013, 19(6): 1053-1057. Jin H P, Liu X F, Yuan Y X, Yan Z Y, Liao Y Z, Liu K X, Wang A. Effect of different additives on fermentation of corn straw silage. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2013, 19(6): 1053-1057. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[18]	吴端钦, 朱四元, 王延周, 侯振平, 王郝为, 戴求仲. 几种青贮玉米青贮发酵特性及其营养成分的比较研究. 饲料研究, 2017(7): 48-51. Wu D Q, Zhu S Y, Wang Y Z, Hou Z P, Wang H W, Dai Q Z. Comparative study of several specialty and nutrients of corn silage fermentation. Feed Research, 2017(7): 48-51. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[19]	金莎, 黄世章, 钟毅, 梁梦迪, 陈涛, 王学梅. 香蕉茎叶与柱花草混贮饲料的品质. 草业科学, 2016, 33(3): 512-518. Jin S, Huang S Z, Zhong Y, Liang M D, Chen T, Wang X M. Evaluation of mixing silage of Musa paradisiaca stems and leaves and Stylosnthes guianensis. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(3): 512-518. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[20]	余汝华, 莫放, 赵丽华, 张晓明, 陈瑶. 不同玉米品种青贮饲料营养成分比较分析. 中国农学通报, 2007, 23(8): 17-20. Yu R H, Mo F, Zhao L H, Zhang X M, Chen Y. The comparison of the chemical characteristics and nutritive value of green corn stalk silage with different variety. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007, 23(8): 17-20. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[21]	马春晖, 夏艳军, 韩军, 钱文熙, 张玲, 席琳乔, 方雷. 不同青贮添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响. 草业学报, 2010, 19(1): 128-133. Ma C H, Xia Y J, Han J, Qian W X, Zhang L, Xi L Q, Fang L. *Effects of different additives on the quality of Medicago sativa* silage*. Pratacultural Science*, 2010, 19(1): 128-133. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[22]	孔涛, 张楠, 林凤梅, 吴祥云. 不同品种菊芋块茎及茎叶营养成分分析比较. 广东农业科学, 2013, 40(6): 108-109. Kong T, Zhang N, Lin F M, Wu X Y. Analysis and comparison of stem leaf and tuber nutritional composition in different Jerusalem artichoke. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 40(6): 108-109. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[23]	张金霞, 乔红霞, 刘雨田. 水分和添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(4): 766-770. Zhang J X, Qiao H X, Liu Y T. Effects of moisture and additives on feed quality of alfalfa silage. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(4): 766-770. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]

2013

0.0

秦丽萍, 柯文灿, 丁武蓉, 石超, 郭旭生. 温度对垂穗披碱草青贮品质的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(9): 1433-1438.

Qin L

, Ke W

, Ding W

, Shi

, Guo X

. Effects of temperature on fermentation q-uality of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Elymus nutans silage. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(9): 1433-1438. (in Chinese)

Effects of temperature on dynamics of QinghaiTibet plateau Elymus nutans fermentation quality in the process of ensiling was investigated. The material was derived from Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province. Plastic bag silage was finished in local area and was put in 15 ℃and 25 ℃ in the laboratory. The bags of each treatment were opened 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 30 and 60 d after ensilage. The results showed that pH value decreased slowly to 5.68, the lactic acid content increased to 1.44% at 15 ℃, and the fermentation quality was ineffective. 25 ℃ lowered the pH value and increased lactic acid content significantly (P 0.05).

为探讨不同温度下青藏高原垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）贮藏过程中发酵品质的动态变化，本研究以采自青海省果洛藏族自治州的垂穗披碱草为青贮原料，在当地完成塑料袋青贮后带回实验室分别置于15和25 ℃下进行青贮，在贮藏2、4、6、8、12、14、30、60 d后开袋，测定其相关指标。结果表明，15 ℃处理下，pH值缓慢下降至5.68，乳酸含量1.44%，青贮效果不佳；25 ℃增加了乳酸含量（6.21%），使pH值显著降至4.27（P 0.05）。

... 较其他牧区相比,青藏高原牧草生长期短,产量低,天然草地牧草供应存在明显的季节不平衡^[1] ...

... L,柱温50 ℃,检测波长210 nm^[1,2]将各品种青贮样品置于65 ℃烘箱中至恒重,测定干物质(DM)含量 ...

... 中性洗涤纤维是目前反映纤维质量好坏最有效的指标,其含量与动物采食量有关^[1] ...

0.0

薛艳林, 孙林, 殷国梅, 张园园, 白春生, 孙娟娟, 门果桃, 赵和平, 玉柱. 生物添加剂和填装密度对菊芋青贮饲料品质的影响. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2017(1): 39-43.

Xue Y

, Sun

, Yin G

, Zhang Y

, Bai C

, Sun J

, Men G

, Zhao H

, Yu

. Effect of bio-additives and packing density on fermentation quality of Helianthus tuberosus L. silage. Animal Husband ry and Feed Science, 2017(1): 39-43. (in Chinese)

... 菊芋适应性强,具有耐寒抗旱,耐贫瘠、耐病、抗逆性强等特点,是一种能利用多年的粗放型植物^[2,3] ...

... 关于菊芋青贮,薛艳林等^[2]从生物添加剂和填装密度对菊芋青贮品质的影响进行研究,Bing#cod#x000f6 ...

... L,柱温50 ℃,检测波长210 nm^[1,2]将各品种青贮样品置于65 ℃烘箱中至恒重,测定干物质(DM)含量 ...

... 酸性洗涤纤维与动物消化率有关,酸性洗涤纤维含量越高,消化率越低^[2] ...

2013

0.0

乌日娜, 朱铁霞, 于永奇, 高凯. 菊芋的研究现状及开发潜力. 草业科学, 2013, 30(8): 1295-1300.

Wurina, Zhu T

, Yu Y

, Gao

. Study on status and exploiting potential of Helianthus tuberosus. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(8): 1295-1300. (in Chinese)

As a kind of new energy plant, Helianthus tuberosus has many fine characteristics, like drought, cold and salt resistances and so on. It can effectively solve the contradictions among food, people and land during planting. It is an important development energy plant, and has wide popularization and application value. In this paper, study was made on its ecological characteristics, economic use, salt resistance and research work on inulin from H.tuberosus and ethanol from H.tuberosus was also summarized. It pointed out the research trend and development potential of H.tuberosus.

菊芋（Helianthus tuberosus）具有广泛的推广和利用价值，是当今重要的开发能源植物之一。作为一种新型能源植物，菊芋具有抗旱、抗寒以及耐盐碱等优良特性，能有效解决能源植物在种植过程中与粮争地、与人争粮的矛盾。本研究对菊芋的生态学特征、经济用途、耐盐碱特性以及菊芋菊糖和菊芋乙醇的研究现状进行综述，并对菊芋的研究方向和发展潜力进行探讨，以期为菊芋研究者提供参考。

... 菊芋适应性强,具有耐寒抗旱,耐贫瘠、耐病、抗逆性强等特点,是一种能利用多年的粗放型植物^[2,3] ...

0.0

赵晓川, 王卓龙, 孙金艳. 菊芋在畜牧生产中的应用. 黑龙江农业科学, 2006(6): 39-40.

Zhao X

, Wang Z

, Sun J

. The application of Jerusalem artichoke in livestock production. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2006(6): 39-40. (in Chinese)

菊芋是一种多年生、高产、抗寒、抗旱、耐一定盐碱,并具有广泛适应性的新型物种.利用其高蛋白和富含多种氨基酸、维生素、矿物质的特性,茎叶可制成青饲料饲喂家畜,块茎也是牛、羊、猪的优质多汁饲料.菊芋的许多优良特性和多功能特点,不但是发展草食畜禽的必要条件,而且对水土保持、环境保护有重要作用.

... 菊芋因其地上茎和叶片产量高,营养价值丰富,适口性好,被视为一种优质粗饲料^[4] ...

0.0

陈秋云. 青海高寒地区菊芋的高产栽培模式. 中国种业, 2011(s1): 78.

Chen Q

. Cultivation mode of Helianthus tuberosus in alpine region of Qinghai Province. Chinese Seed Industry, 2011(s1): 78. (in Chinese)

2007

0.0

张琳, 德科加. 青藏高原特种青贮牧草的品质评定试验. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2007, 37(1): 15-16.

Zhang

, Dekejia. Experiment of quality evaluation of special silage in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2007, 37(1): 15-16. (in Chinese)

特种青贮试验结果表明:与普通青贮、青刈燕麦处理比较,乳酸菌添加青贮处理的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)含量达到最高,比青刈燕麦处理组提高了8.0%和71.9%.pH、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)三项指标,青刈燕麦处理最高,其次为普通青贮,乳酸菌添加青贮最低(P＜0.05),乳酸菌的添加提高了青贮牧草中的乳酸含量,使青贮牧草的品质得到了改善.

... 菊芋作为动物饲料的传统使用方法是将其茎叶通过晾晒或风干制作干草来使用,但这种方法使菊芋茎叶中粗蛋白含量、适口性和消化率下降,降低了饲料的利用率^[6] ...

0.0

... l等^[7]分析了糖蜜和甲酸添加剂对菊芋青贮品质的影响 ...

2006

0.0

... 其中一份采用微波炉快速测定水分的方法测定每个品种的含水量^[8] ...

2017

0.0

田静, 谢昭良, 刘家杏, 许留兴, 唐国建, 张建国. 冬闲田种植大麦不同生育期的营养价值和青贮品质. 草业科学, 2017, 34(4): 753-760.

Tian

, Xie Z

, Liu J

, Xu L

, Tang G

, Zhang J

. Nutritive value and silage quality of barley grown in winter fallow fields and harvested at different growth stages. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(4): 753-760. (in Chinese)

... 产量:孕蕾前期,采用随机取样法,各小区分别刈割1m²,带回实验室在65 ℃鼓风干燥箱内烘干至恒重,测其水分含量并计算干物质产量^[9] ...

0.0

... 2 感官鉴定按照德国农业协会(DLG)青贮评分标准及等级评定方法,从色泽、气味、质地等方面对菊芋青贮进行综合评定^[10] ...

2007

0.0

... 3 发酵品质及营养成分的测定取青贮后样品各20 g,加入180 mL去离子水,用组织搅碎机搅碎1 min,然后用4层纱布过滤,之后用pH仪测滤液的pH^[11,12] ...

... 粗灰分(Ash)测定参照《饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术》(第三版)^[11]进行测定 ...

2016

0.0

侯建建, 白春生, 张庆, 玉柱. 单一和复合乳酸菌添加水平对苜蓿青贮营养品质及蛋白组分的影响. 草业科学, 2016, 33(10): 2119-2125.

Hou J

, Bai C

, Zhang

, Yuzhu. Effects of different additive amount of single and multiple lactic acid bacteria on the silage quality and protein fractions of alfalfa. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(10): 2119-2125. (in Chinese)

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of applying single or multiple lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at ensiling on the fermentation quality and protein fractions of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ). The protein fractions of alfalfa silage were calculated by Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (CNCPS). The silage material was the first-cut alfalfa (425.6 g DM·kg -1 fresh herbage) harvested at budding stage. Forage was packed into 21 laboratory silos and ensiled for 40 days. The results showed that all treatments with LAB had significantly lower ( P <0.05) concentration of NH 3 -N than untreated group, and butyric acid was not detected in these treatments. The treatment of single-strain ( Lactobacillus plantarum ) at 1×10 7 cfu·g -1 fresh herbage had the lowest concentration of NH 3 -N and the highest concentration of lactic acid. Silages treated with lactic acid bacteria (other than multi-strains at 1×10 5 cfu·g -1 fresh herbage) characterized by lower ( P <0.05) pH value. There was no ( P >0.05) treatment effect on the content of crude protein. The content of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in silages with all additives of LAB was reduced when compared with untreated, and silages treated with compound LAB characterized by lower ( P <0.05) NPN. Additives with single and multi-strains of LAB both resulted in alfalfa silage with low concentration of non-protein nitrogen (PA), high concentration of immediately degraded protein (PB 1 ) and intermediately degraded protein (PB 2 ). The concentration of true protein (PB) in silage with multi-strains of LAB was higher ( P <0.05) than untreated. Therefore, high concentration of L. plantarum was beneficial to improve the fermentation quality of alfalfa, and the proteolysis, in some extent, could be inhibited by multiple LAB at ensiling.

以第1茬现蕾期刈割的紫花苜蓿( Medicago sativa )为原料(干物质含量为42.56%),结合康奈尔碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS),研究不同浓度的单一和复合乳酸菌对苜蓿青贮品质及蛋白组分的影响。发酵40 d后取样分析其青贮发酵品质和营养成分,结果表明,所有乳酸菌处理组都能显著降低苜蓿青贮饲料的氨态氮含量( P <0.05),并且均未检测到丁酸;添加量为1×10 7 cfu·g -1 的单一乳酸菌处理组氨态氮含量最低,乳酸含量最高;除添加量为1×10 5 cfu·g -1 的复合菌处理组外,其它乳酸菌处理组的pH均显著低于无添加剂处理组( P <0.05);乳酸菌处理后粗蛋白含量无显著变化( P >0.05);复合菌处理组的非蛋白氮含量显著低于无添加剂处理组( P <0.05);单一和复合乳酸菌都能降低蛋白组分中的非蛋白氮(PA)含量,增加快速降解真蛋白质(PB 1 )和中速降解真蛋白质(PB 2 )含量,复合菌处理的真蛋白质(PB)含量显著高于对照的( P <0.05)。综上所述,高浓度的单一植物乳杆菌( Lactobacillus plantarum )处理的苜蓿青贮发酵品质最好,复合菌能保护更多的真蛋白不被降解。

... 3 发酵品质及营养成分的测定取青贮后样品各20 g,加入180 mL去离子水,用组织搅碎机搅碎1 min,然后用4层纱布过滤,之后用pH仪测滤液的pH^[11,12] ...

2017

0.0

施清平, 徐赵红, 张建国. 十个玉米品种在广州种植和青贮的潜力研究. 草业学报, 2017, 26(3): 175-182.

Shi Q

, Xu Z

, Zhang J

. Comparison of ten corn varieties as silage material in Guangzhou. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 26(3): 175-182. (in Chinese)

摘　要：为筛选适宜在广州种植的青贮玉米品种,采用随机区组设计种植和袋装青贮的方法,研究了10个玉米品种（京科青贮301、农大108、赣单2、大丰3、宜黄单4、雅玉8、先玉335、郑单958、雅玉26、华玉8）的种植和青贮潜力.结果表明,1）品种间全株干物质产量（PCO.05）和消化率（P〈0.01）差异显著,参试品种均超过对照品种华玉8,其中雅玉8的干物质产量最大,达14.30t/hm2;京科青贮301干物质消化率最高,达78.15%.品种间的相对饲用价值呈现显著差异（P〈0.05）,京科青贮301的相对饲用价值为123.52,比对照高17.90%（P〈0.05）,郑单958、赣单2、先玉335、雅玉8、农大108不同程度地高于对照.2）品种间的干物质、粗灰分和无氮浸出物含量差异显著（P〈0.05）,各品种干物质含量比对照均有不同程度的提高,雅玉26、大丰3、雅玉8干物质含量均达到40%;雅玉26、大丰3、农大108和雅玉8的无氮浸出物含量较高,分别达到65.31%DM、63.94%DM、63.38%DM和62.17%DM.品种间的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量均无显著差异（P〉0.05）.3）玉米品种间植株附着的乳酸菌和霉菌差异显著（PCO.05）,郑单958的乳酸菌数达106cfu/gFM,高于其他品种.4）各玉米品种青贮后的PH值、乳酸和丙酸含量差异显著（P〈0.05）,对照华玉8的pH值最低为3.63,雅玉8的pH值最高,达4.22;对照华玉8的乳酸含量最高,达9.16%DM.丁酸含量差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但雅玉8和郑单958没有检测到.各品种青贮的NH3-N/TN含量差异极显著（P〈0.01）,雅玉8、郑单958和大丰3分别为8.81%、10.04%和10.61%,至少比对照低13.39%.综合各品种全株干物质产量、营养价值和青贮效果,雅玉8在广州地区种植作青贮饲料利用更有潜力.

... DDM(digestibledrymatter)为可消化的干物质,单位为占干物质的百分比^[13] ...

2015

0.0

田迅, 朱铁霞, 乌日娜, 刘辉, 高凯. 断根对菊芋块茎产量及品质的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 12(2): 2083-2088.

Tian

, Zhu T

, Wurina, Liu

, Gao K. Effects of root cutting on tuber yield and quality in Helianthus tuberosus. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 12(2): 2083-2088. (in Chinese)

... 3 讨论株高和干物质产量是直接衡量植物自然生长或不同农艺措施下生长趋势的基本指标^[14,15] ...

2013

0.0

杨楠, 丁玉川, 焦晓燕, 王劲松, 董二伟, 王立革, 武萍. 种植密度对高粱群体生理指标、产量及其构成因素的影响. 农学学报, 2013, 3(7): 11-17.

Yang

, Ding Y

, Jiao X

, Wang J

, Dong E

, Wang L

, Wu

. Effects of plant density on population physiological indices, grain yield and yield component factors of Sorghum. Journal of Agriculture, 2013, 3(7): 11-17. (in Chinese)

Reasonable plant density can construct the good population structure, enhance light energy utilization efficiency, optimize population physiological function, and give full play to the potential yield of sorghum varieties. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of plant density on growth, population physiological indices, grain yield and its component factors of brewing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench var. ‘Jinza No. 23’) under varying plant densities (45000, 75000, 105000, 135000 plants/hm2). The experiment was conducted in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that, plant height of sorghum was significant increased, whereas stem diameter was thinned as plant density was increased. Leaf area index (LAI), Leaf area duration (LAD), total LAD were significant increased, but net assimilation rate (NAR), crop growth rate (CGR) and transmission rate decreased with increasing plant density. Dry matter weight per plant declined, whereas dry matter weight of sorghum populations significantly increased when plant density increased. When the plant density was at the ranges of 45000-105000 plants/hm2, grain yield significantly increased with increasing plant density. The grain yield increased by 13.8% in 105000 pants/hm2 as compared to plant density in 45000 plants/hm2. Panicle number per unit area increased, but grain number per panicle decreased as plant density increased. 1000-grain weight was not influenced by plant density variety. Correlation analysis revealed that the relationship between plant density and LAI, LAD, biomass and grain yield of sorghum were significant and positive correlation. The relationship between plant density and transmission rate, NAR and CGR was significant and negative correlation. This study indicated that plant density significant influence on the population physiological indices, grain yield and its component factors of sorghum. Optimal plant density for brew sorghum ‘Jinza No. 23’ production in this environment is 105000 plants/hm2. It can construct the good population, coordinate population growth and individual growth, and optimize population physiological function, which made both biomass and grain yield to achieve higher level.

为合理的种植密度可构建良好的群体结构，优化群体光合生理功能，提高光能利用效率，充分发挥高粱品种的增产潜力。以酿造高粱(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)‘晋杂23号’为试验材料，在大田试验条件下研究了不同种植密度（4.5万株/hm2、7.5万株/hm2、10.5万株/hm2和13.5万株/hm2）对高粱生长、群体光合生理指标、籽粒产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明：随着种植密度增加，高粱株高相应增高，而茎粗相应变细；高粱的叶面积指数(LAI)、群体光合势(LAD)和总光合势呈显著性增加，而透光率、群体净同化率(NAR)、群体生长率(CGR)呈现递减的趋势；高粱单株干物质积累量呈现递减的趋势，而群体干物质积累量呈显著性增加。在4.5万株/hm2~10.5万株/hm2密度范围内，籽粒产量随密度增加呈显著性增加，其中密度在10.5万株/hm2的籽粒产量比4.5万株/hm2增产13.8%。随着密度增加，单位面积穗数相应增加，穗粒数相应减少，千粒重没有显著的影响。相关分析表明，种植密度与LAI、LAD、生物产量和籽粒产量呈显著性正相关，而与透光率、NAR和CGR呈显著性负相关。本研究表明，种植密度对高粱群体生理指标、产量和产量构成因素有显著的影响。酿造高粱‘晋杂23号’的种植密度以10.5万株/hm2为宜，在高粱生产中可形成良好的群体结构，协调群体与个体的生长，优化群体光合生理功能，使生物产量与籽粒产量都达到较高水平。

... 3 讨论株高和干物质产量是直接衡量植物自然生长或不同农艺措施下生长趋势的基本指标^[14,15] ...

2016

0.0

门果桃, 张宇, 邓忠泉, 刘俊, 门永亮, 陈利平, 缪凯, 孙广琴. 密度、基肥、追肥对菊芋产量的影响. 北方农业学报, 2016, 44(4): 41-45.

Men G

, Zhang

, Deng Z

, Liu

, Men Y

, Chen L

, Miu

, Sun G

. Effects of density and base fertilizer and topdressing on the tuber yield of Jerusalem artichoke. Journal of Agriculture in the North, 2016, 44(4): 41-45. (in Chinese)

摘　要：为了探索出内蒙古盐碱地种植菊芋最适宜的密度及施肥量,通过三因素随机区组试验,研究了密度、基肥、追肥对菊芋产量的影响。经方差分析表明：单因素间的产量差异和多因素互作间的产量差异都达到极显著水平,产量互作的大小次序为：密度〉追肥〉密度×基肥×追肥〉基肥×追肥〉密度×追肥〉基肥〉密度×基肥。互作效应结果分析表明,产量构成因素产量最高组合是：密度27 795株/hm~2、基肥600 kg/hm~2、追肥300 kg/hm~2的互作最好,其单产为61 377 kg/hm~2,该试验研究为今后菊芋生产搭配组合提供科学依据。

... 影响作物产量的因素有很多,包括种植密度、环境光温、品种、水分管理、施肥量等^[16] ...

2013

0.0

金华平, 刘晓风, 袁月祥, 闫志英, 廖银章, 刘克鑫, 王安. 不同添加剂对玉米秸秆青贮发酵效果的影响. 应用与环境生物学报, 2013, 19(6): 1053-1057.

Jin H

, Liu X

, Yuan Y

, Yan Z

, Liao Y

, Liu K

, Wang

. Effect of different additives on fermentation of corn straw silage. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2013, 19(6): 1053-1057. (in Chinese)

... 有机酸是青贮过程中微生物的代谢产物,乳酸是该过程产生的主要有机酸,如果青贮发酵较差则会产生较多的丁酸^[17],pH和有机酸含量是青贮品质的关键性评价指标^[18,19],发酵后,乳酸含量越高,丁酸含量越低表明青贮较好容易保存,发酵品质高^[20] ...

0.0

吴端钦, 朱四元, 王延周, 侯振平, 王郝为, 戴求仲. 几种青贮玉米青贮发酵特性及其营养成分的比较研究. 饲料研究, 2017(7): 48-51.

Wu D

, Zhu S

, Wang Y

, Hou Z

, Wang H

, Dai Q

. Comparative study of several specialty and nutrients of corn silage fermentation. Feed Research, 2017(7): 48-51. (in Chinese)

摘　要：试验旨在比较研究不同青贮玉米发酵特性及营养成分,筛选适合我国南方地区种植推广的青贮玉米品种。试验选择4种青贮玉米（豫青贮23-2、雅玉青贮8号、三北2号及三北89号）,将其秸秆用机械切碎约3 cm,采用罐装青贮的方法进行,青贮时间60 d。结果发现：豫青贮23-2和三北2号pH分别为3.82和4.97,颜色接近原料的色泽,茎叶纹理结构清晰可见,芳香味浓,发酵品质定级为1级优等。雅玉青贮8号和三北89号青贮分别被定级为2级尚好和3级中等;p H及常规含量各品种间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,三北2号粗蛋白含量最高,三北89号粗蛋白质的含量最低;青贮玉米乳酸、乙酸、丙酸及丁酸含量各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,乳酸以豫青贮23-2含量最高,三北89号含量最低。综上所述,豫青贮23-2与三北2号的发酵特性较好,而三北89号较差。

2016

0.0

金莎, 黄世章, 钟毅, 梁梦迪, 陈涛, 王学梅. 香蕉茎叶与柱花草混贮饲料的品质. 草业科学, 2016, 33(3): 512-518.

Jin

, Huang S

, Zhong

, Liang M

, Chen

, Wang X

. Evaluation of mixing silage of Musa paradisiaca stems and leaves and Stylosnthes guianensis. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(3): 512-518. (in Chinese)

This experiment was excuted to exploit the quality of fermentation of mixed Musa paradisiaca stems and leaves and Stylosnthes guianensis . Four treatment groups were set according to the proportion of S. guianensis , 100% M. paradisiaca stems and leaves, 100% S. guianensis , 75% banana stems and leaves with 25% S. guianensis , 50% M. paradisiaca stems and leaves and 50% S. guianensis , each treatment contains 3 replicates. After 5 weeks of fermentation, the sensory evaluation and laboratory test of silage were carried out. The results showed, 100% M. paradisiaca stems and leaves group got the best quality in sensory evaluation, 100% S. guianensis group got 6 in sensory evaluation, the lowest in all groups, mixed silage groups were in the middle of all groups, the quality of mixed silage were evaluated with the growing ratio of banana stems and leaves. The 100% M. paradisiaca stems and leaves group got the lowest pH value, with the rising ratio of S. guianensis , the value of pH ( P <0.01) and the colony count of lactobacillus ( P <0.05) were improved. The acetic acid of 100% S. guianensis group was the lowest, no significant differences were observed in the lactic acid and butyric acid of all groups( P >0.05), no significant differences in fermentation quality due to the content; 75% M. paradisiaca stems and leaves and 25% S. guianensis group improved the content of lactic acid and acetic acid and the colony count of lactobacillus. With the improving ratio of S. guianensis , the content of water and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) were depressed( P <0.05), the content of crude protein and crude fiber were improved significantly( P <0.05). With the sensory evaluation and laboratory tests, mixture of M. paradisiaca stems and leaves and S. guianensis reduced the water content, increased the content of WSC of S. guianensis , improved the quality of fermentation of mixed silage, and the best quality is 75% M. paradisiaca stems and leaves and 25% S. guianensis .

为分析香蕉( Musa paradisiaca )茎叶与柱花草( Stylosanthes guianensis )混合青贮发酵品质,本研究选择新鲜香蕉茎叶和柱花草进行香蕉茎叶单独青贮(以下简称单贮),柱花草单贮,75%香蕉茎叶+25%柱花草混合青贮(以下简称混贮)及50%香蕉茎叶+50%柱花草混贮,青贮5周后,对青贮饲料进行感官评定和品质检测,探讨香蕉茎叶与柱花草的适宜混合比例.感官评定结果表明,香蕉茎叶单贮感官评定最优,柱花草单贮感官评分等级最低,二者混贮评分居中,并且随着香蕉茎叶比例的降低青贮饲料感官品质下降.实验室指标分析表明,香蕉茎叶单贮时pH值最低,随着柱花草比例的增加,青贮饲料pH升高( P <0.01),而乳酸菌菌落数增加( P <0.05);柱花草单贮,乙酸含量最低,乳酸和丁酸含量各处理组间差异不显著( P >0.05),且丁酸含量很低,对青贮品质影响不大;75%香蕉茎叶与25%柱花草混贮提高了青贮饲料乳酸菌菌落数和乳酸,乙酸的含量.随着柱花草比例的增加,混贮饲料初水分含量降低,粗纤维和粗蛋白的含量显著上升( P <0.05),可溶性碳水化合物含量下降( P <0.05).综合青贮饲料品质感官评定和实验室检测结果,香蕉茎叶与柱花草混贮可降低香蕉茎叶初水分含量,提高柱花草可溶性碳水化合物水平,改善青贮饲料的发酵品质,当75%香蕉茎叶与25%柱花草混贮时,青贮效果最佳.

2007

0.0

余汝华, 莫放, 赵丽华, 张晓明, 陈瑶. 不同玉米品种青贮饲料营养成分比较分析. 中国农学通报, 2007, 23(8): 17-20.

Yu R

, Mo

, Zhao L

, Zhang X

, Chen

. The comparison of the chemical characteristics and nutritive value of green corn stalk silage with different variety. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007, 23(8): 17-20. (in Chinese)

2010

0.0

马春晖, 夏艳军, 韩军, 钱文熙, 张玲, 席琳乔, 方雷. 不同青贮添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响. 草业学报, 2010, 19(1): 128-133.

Ma C

, Xia Y

, Han

, Qian W

, Zhang

, Xi L

, Fang

. Effects of different additives on the quality of Medicago sativa silage. Pratacultural Science, 2010, 19(1): 128-133. (in Chinese)

... 马春晖等^[21]指出,pH在3 ...

2013

0.0

孔涛, 张楠, 林凤梅, 吴祥云. 不同品种菊芋块茎及茎叶营养成分分析比较. 广东农业科学, 2013, 40(6): 108-109.

Kong

, Zhang

, Lin F

, Wu X

. Analysis and comparison of stem leaf and tuber nutritional composition in different Jerusalem artichoke. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 40(6): 108-109. (in Chinese)

对红菊芋、白红菊芋、球白菊芋、长白菊芋、白菊芋5种菊芋的块茎及茎叶的营养成分进行分析比较,结果表明,菊芋块茎的总糖含量占干重的70%以上,长白菊芋块茎的菊糖含量最高,平均达77.5%。菊芋茎叶的蛋白质含量都小于10%,而灰分含量在5%~10%之间。红菊芋茎叶在水分、灰分、脂肪、水溶性成分、适口性指标上皆最高,最适宜作为牲畜饲料。

... 孔涛等^[22]对阜新5种菊芋品种成熟期茎叶营养成分分析发现,5种菊芋品种茎叶粗蛋白含量为3 ...

2014

0.0

张金霞, 乔红霞, 刘雨田. 水分和添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(4): 766-770.

Zhang J

, Qiao H

, Liu Y

. Effects of moisture and additives on feed quality of alfalfa silage. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(4): 766-770. (in Chinese)

Two factors (moisture×additive) and eight levels design were used to investigate the effects ofmoisture and additives on quality of alfalfa silage.Three additives were used in the present study,which was lactic acid bacteria+glucose,cellulose enzyme,and beneficial bacteria(suk B).The alfalfa containing 54.27% and 42.67% of water were supplemented with or without one of the three additives and were then ensiled in polythelene bags for 65 days,respectively.Each treatment repeated three times.The results showed that evaluation scores of each treatment were between 13.6 and 16.1 which suggested that all of them were good silage.Silage with enzyme cellulose group had the highest sensory score with 16.1.Moisture and additives,separately,has no effect on nutritional ingredients of alfalfa silage,however,the interaction of these two factors significantly improved the smell scores ( P <0.05).The alfalfa containing 54.27% moisture had significantly low level of pH which improved silage quality.All of these results suggested that low moisture alfalfa can directly be made to silage without any additives,however,it was unfavourable for silage acidity reduction if the moisture was too low.Only under the appropriate moisture conditions,additives can improve alfalfa silage fermentation quality.

分别对含水量为54.27%和42.67%的紫花苜蓿设不添加、添加乳酸菌+葡萄糖、纤维酶剂和饲料益菌素(suk B)进行青贮，在贮藏后的第65天开封，分析各处理青贮饲料的发酵品质和主要营养成分含量。以探讨不同水分和添加剂及其互作对紫花苜蓿( Medicago sativa )青贮品质的影响。结果表明，各处理组紫花苜蓿青贮后的感官评分均在13.6～16.1，感官评定均为优良青贮饲料。以添加纤维素酶组的感官评分最高，总分为16.1，达优质青贮饲料。水分和添加剂对苜蓿青贮营养成分含量均没有显著影响( P >0.05);但两因素的交互作用可显著提高紫花苜蓿青贮后的嗅觉评分( P P <0.05)，改善青贮品质，这说明低水分紫花苜蓿可不用添加剂直接青贮，但水分过低，不利于降低酸度。添加剂只在适宜水分条件下才可改善紫花苜蓿青贮发酵品质。

... 关于青贮中性洗涤纤维含量的研究,张金霞等^[23]认为,中性洗涤纤维含量在38%~48%时,即可满足不同阶段奶牛纤维需要,本研究中所有品种NDF含量均达到该标准 ...