近几十年来,在全球变化和社会经济高速发展的影响下,全球环境问题尤为突出。其中最为严峻的问题之一是干旱的频繁发生。干旱已经成为全球性的问题,由干旱,尤其是重大干旱灾害所引起的水资源匮乏、粮食危机、生态恶化(如荒漠化等),直接威胁到国家的长期粮食安全和社会稳定。针对这些问题,本文介绍了国家对干旱研究的需求和近年来在干旱研究领域的主要科技进展,提出了目前干旱研究领域存在争议的问题、以及面对国家需求应解决的关键科学问题。并对未来5～10 a该领域的发展趋势进行了简要分析。

In order to understand the optimal conditions for germination and seedling growth of import thyme seeds—— Thymus vulgaris , the effects of PEG-simulated drought stress and low temperature on seed germination and seedling growth were measured. The analysis of two-way ANOVA showed that temperature, drought and their interaction significantly affected ( P <0.05) the seed germination and seedling growth. The treatments with the temperature ranged from 8 ℃ to 24 ℃ and PEG-6000 ranged from 0 to 10% were optimal for seeds germination. The treatment with the temperature at 10 ℃ to 12 ℃ had the highest germination rate of 79.3%, which had significant difference from the other treatments ( P <0.05). The treatments with 15% PEG-6000 could significantly inhibit ( P <0.05) seed germination. Under the treatments with 30% PEG-6000, seeds only could germinate at 22 ℃ to 24 ℃. The root and shoot length under treatments with the temperature at 22 ℃ to 24 ℃ were significantly higher than the other treatments. Seeds and seedling growth had different response to PEG-simulated drought stress and cold.

以法国百里香( Thymus vulgaris )为材料,研究了PEG模拟干旱胁迫和低温对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,旨在探索进口百里香种子播种育苗的适宜条件。结果表明,温度、干旱及其互作对法国百里香种子萌发和幼苗生长均有显著影响。0~10% PEG-6000水分条件下,8~24 ℃下法国百里香种子均能良好萌发,其中在10~12 ℃时发芽率最高,达79.3%,显著高于其余各处理( P <0.05)。当PEG-6000达15%时显著抑制其萌发,至30% PEG-6000时仅在22~24 ℃下少量萌发。萌发后,当温度为22~24 ℃,根长、茎长均显著高于其他处理。种子和幼苗生长均表现出对PEG模拟干旱胁迫和低温不同的响应。

摘　要： 本文对珍珠菜属植物的传统和民间疗效进行了分析和统计，发现大多数在具活血化瘀的功效，有些 种类还有止咳平喘、利尿排石、清热解毒等多方面疗效。但迄今为止，现代化学和药理研究却很少，已经研究过的１５种植物所含化学成分的结构和分布很有特点， 潜在的药用价值应引起足够的重视。

In order to investigate the physiological characteristics of Lysimachia plants in high temperatures, a pot seedling experiment in artificial climatic chamber was conducted using four Lysimachia species. The effect of high-temperature stress on plasma relative permeability, protective enzyme activity and leaf osmoregulatory molecules in plants were analyzed. The study shows that with the high-temperature stress strengthening, the membrane damages and leaf cell membrane permeability increases. SOD and POD activities increase under the moderately high-temperature stress, while decline under extremely high-temperature stress. Total chlorophyll content, proline content and leaf soluble protein increase under high-temperature stress, though the trends differ for different species. Analysis of physiological and biochemical characters suggests that high-temperature resistance ability of L. alfredii and L. christinae var huaye is high and that of L. nummularia ‘Aurea’ and L. congestiflora is low.

为探明珍珠菜属植物高温致伤的生理特性, 为其园林推广提供依据, 以4种珍珠菜属植物为材料, 通过盆栽在人工气候箱内进行高温胁迫, 研究了不同程度高温胁迫对4种珍珠菜属植物叶片的质膜透性、保护酶活性和渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明: 随高温胁迫的加强, 叶片的质膜透性上升; 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性先上升, 后下降; 叶绿素总量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量在一定程度内均增加, 只是变化的幅度和进程不同。经几项生理指标的综合分析, 得出广西过路黄( Lyaimachia alfredii )和花叶过路黄( L.christinae var huaye)的耐高温能力较强, 金叶过路黄( L.nummularia ‘Aurea’)与聚花过路黄( L. congestiflora )的耐高温能力较弱。

在低温胁迫条件下,通过测定4种珍珠菜属植物细胞质外渗率、MDA含量、SOD活性、POD活性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量等生理指标,利用隶属函数法对材料进行抗寒性综合评价.通过综合隶属函数值评定的抗寒性强弱顺序为:金叶过路黄、广西过路黄＞花叶过路黄＞聚花过路黄.

为探明珍珠菜属植物低温致伤的生理特性，以盆栽4种珍珠菜属植物的叶片为试材，研究其在低温胁迫下（15，10，5，0，-5℃）内部生理生化反应的变化情况．结果表明：在低温胁迫下，叶片的质膜透性上升；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性先升后降；脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量均在一定程度内增加，只是变化的幅度和进程不同．经几项生理指标综合分析，得出广西过路黄和金叶过路黄的抗寒能力较强，聚花过路黄的抗寒能力最弱．

研究了从不同海拔来源的过路黄在华中低海拔地区的生长发育及抗寒性.结果显示,随着海拔来源的升高,过路黄植株的主蔓和节间长度减小,叶片寿命延长,花期推迟,冬季鲜叶比例升高.冰雪封盖25 d后,高海拔来源植株叶片的游离脯氨酸含量高于低海拔来源植株,丙二醛含量低于低海拔来源植株.在低温(-0.5 ℃)持续过程中,低海拔植株叶片的质膜透性上升速度快于高海拔植株.海拔1852、1388和851 m引种的植株具有较强的抗寒性,在华中地区具有较大的园林应用前景,且具有引种北移的潜力.

The drought resistance of four Lysimachia species under drought stress was evaluated with subordinate function, and the physiological and biochemical indexes such as exosmosis rate of cytoplasm，content of malondialdehyde(MDA)，activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and pemxidase(POD)，content of proline，soluble sugar and soluble protein were measures．The results indicated that the order of drought resistance Was-"Lysimachia alfredii> Lysimachia christinae ‘huaye’and Lysimachia nummularia‘Aurea’> Lysimachia congestiflora．This experiment showed that plant drought resistance was a comprehensive index．

在干旱胁迫条件下，测定4种过路黄的细胞质外渗率、MDA含量、SOD活性、POD活性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量等理化指标，利用隶属函数法对材料进行抗旱性综合评价。通过综合隶属函数值评定的抗旱性强弱顺序为：广西过路黄>花叶过路黄、金叶过路黄>聚花过路黄。同时表明，抗旱性是一个综合指标。

Objective To study the changes in physiological indices reflecting resistance to environmental stress and volatile constituents of Lysimachia nummularia Aurea. METHODS Different concentrations (150,200,250 and 300 mmol稬 -1 ) of NaCl solution was used to treat young Lysimachia nummularia Aurea to investigate the effect of saline stress on the seedling growth. The changes of physiological indices including soluble sugars,proline,SOD and so on were assayed. Volatile constituents were analyzed by head space solid-phase microextration (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). RESULTS With increasing stress intensity,the contents of soluble proteins declined,those of soluble sugars increased gradually, the content of proline reached the maximum value when saline stress intensity was 250 mmol稬 -1 ,and the contents of chlorophyll a and b decreased firstly and rose later above 250 mmol稬 -1 . MDA content and SOD activity rose gradually under saline stress with increasing stress intensity. POD activity was significantly lower under the saline stress than the control group. CAT activity rose firstly and rapidly declined later. The volatile constituents of L. nummularia fluctuated after saline stress. CONCLUSION L. nummularia has relatively higher saline resistance by means of active accumulating osmoregulation substances such as soluble sugars,soluble proteins and enhancing capability of antioxidase.

目的 研究金叶过路黄在NaCl胁迫下,反映抵抗逆境的各项生理指标的变化及胁迫对其叶片挥发性成分的影响。方法 采用不同浓度(150、200、250、300 mmol·L -1 ) NaCl营养液对金叶过路黄幼苗进行不同强度的盐胁迫处理,测定叶片可溶性糖、脯氨酸和SOD等8项生理指标的变化,并用顶空固相微萃取与气质联用技术对金叶过路黄叶中挥发性成分进行分析。结果 随着盐胁迫程度的加深,渗透调节物质中可溶性蛋白质的含量逐渐下降,可溶性糖的含量逐渐升高,脯氨酸的含量在250 mmol·L -1 盐浓度胁迫时达到最大值,叶绿素a和b含量呈先降后升的趋势,在300 mmol·L -1 含量有所升高。MDA含量和SOD总活性随着胁迫浓度的增大而增大,4个不同浓度盐胁迫组的POD活力显著低于对照组,CAT活力在轻度盐胁迫时有所上升,增大胁迫浓度,活力迅速下降。金叶过路黄叶中的挥发性成分在盐胁迫后有所变化。 结论 金叶过路黄在盐胁迫时主动积累渗透调节物质,增强抗氧化酶清除活性氧自由基的能力,具有较好的抗盐性。但盐胁迫影响其挥发性成分,可能进而影响其药用活性。

采用盆栽试验法,研究氯化钙(CaCl2)对盐胁迫下金叶过路黄 生长及生理特性的影响,以了解氯化钙的作用及其适宜的使用浓度.试验对新梢生长量、叶片中丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性糖含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过 氧化物酶(POD)活性等指标进行了测定分析.结果表明:在盐胁迫下,施加浓度为10 mmol·L-1和20 mmol·L-1的氯化钙,金叶过路黄生长表现比不施钙的要好,盐害症状较轻；各浓度盐胁迫下,施加10 mmol·L-1和20 mmol·L-1浓度氯化钙的叶片中,MDA含量均显著或极显著低于未施氯化钙的；施加40 mmol·L-1浓度的氯化钙有利于叶片中可溶性糖的累积；在盐胁迫下,SOD活性在10 mmol·L-1或20 mmol·L-1氯化钙浓度下明显上升；POD活性在20 mmol·L-1或40 mmol·L-1氯化钙浓度下效果较好.综合各测定指标分析及外部形态表现认为:施用氯化钙可在一定程度上缓解盐胁迫对金叶过路黄生长的影响,其中以 10～20 mmol·L-1浓度的氯化钙较为适宜.

[目的]选择10种常见野生地被植物,分别进行5种不同程度遮荫处理,并对其进行形态与生理指标测量研究。[方法]设全光照(CK)、遮荫率55%(A)、遮荫率65%(B)、遮荫率75%(C)和遮荫率85%(D)共5个处理,以城市园林绿化常见的耐荫能力强的红花酢酱草作为对照植物。[结果]在不同程度遮荫处理下,多数植物表现出较强的耐荫性,但部分植物在强度遮荫下生长受到抑制;随着遮荫程度的增加,不同植物的不同指标变化情况各异。[结论]活血丹、红纹过路黄表现出最强的耐荫性,而梓木草、三叶萎陵菜耐荫性相对较弱。

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Lysimachia davurica Ledeb.. METHODS The constituents were separated and purified by column chromatograph and identified by spectral analysis and physical data. RESULTS Five compounds were isolated and identified as hexacosyl stearate(Ⅰ)，helicterilic acid(Ⅱ)，stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅲ)，β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅳ)，β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅴ),respectively. CONCLUSION CompoundⅠwas isolated for the first time.Ⅱ and Ⅴwere isolated from this genus for the first time.

目的研究黄连花全草的化学成分。方法经柱色谱分离，理化常数和光谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果分离得到5个化合物，分别为正十八烷酸二十六酯(Ⅰ)，helicterilic acid(Ⅱ)，豆甾醇-3-O-β-D吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)，β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅳ)，β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅴ)。结论Ⅰ为新化合物，Ⅱ，Ⅴ首次从本属植物中得到。

黄连花是报春花科珍珠菜属的一种多年生野生草本植物,具有良好药用价值及观赏价值,同时具有较强的抗寒性,目前对其研究还较少。因此探索该植物高效快速的繁殖方法,对于该植物种质资源保存及大规模医药利用是必要的。本论文以黄连花种子及茎段和叶片为实验材料,对其种子萌发适宜条件和组织培养体系建立两方面进行了研究,研究结果如下： 1.黄连花种子具有休眠特性,未经GA3浸泡处理不能够萌发；同一时期采收的种子,相同时间4℃低温干燥储藏比20℃室温干燥储藏发芽效果好；400mg.L-1GA3浸种24h,30℃光照培养箱培养,萌发效果最好,此时发芽势、发芽率、萌发系数依次为45.37%、50.93%、2.67。 2.黄连花组织培养体系建立中一系列实验结果表明：75%酒精30s表面消毒+0.1%HgC12消毒4min是叶片最好的消毒方法,75%酒精30s表面消毒+0.1%HgC12消毒10min是茎段最好的消毒方法；黄连花茎段外植体最适宜采集时间是5-6月份；MS+6-BA2.0mg·L-1+IBA0.5mg-L-1适宜茎段初代培养,培养7d诱导出愈伤,诱导率100%,腋芽萌发率100%,腋芽萌发指数5.3个；MS+NAA1.0mg·L-1+6-BA0.5mg-L-1和MS+NAA1.0mg·L-1-BAl.Omg-L-1都适宜叶片初代培养,愈伤诱导率均为95.56%,培养7d诱导出愈伤；黑暗培养对叶片愈伤诱导和生长有抑制作用；叶基部位最适宜叶片诱导愈伤,远轴面(叶背)向下培养比近轴面(叶面)向下培养更有利于叶片愈伤组织诱导。 3.MS+6-BA2.5mg·L-1+NAA0.005mg·L-1适宜茎段愈伤分化,分化率和出芽指数分别为83.33%、6.87个;6-BA (2.0-2.5) mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg-L-1+MS能够获得最佳茎段愈伤增殖状态；6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1+MS适宜叶片愈伤分化,分化率和出芽指数分别为74.07%、4.56个；培养基6-BA0.5mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1+MS获得叶片愈伤最佳增殖状态。6-BA2.0mg·L-1+IBA0.5mg·L-1+MS培养基适合不定芽和腋芽的增殖和伸长培养。 4.1/2MS+IBA0.5mg.L-1+活性炭1g.L"1培养基最适宜黄连花无菌苗生根,生根率、根条数、根长分别为99.89%、5.35、9.44cm,在蛭石、腐殖土混合(蛭石：腐殖土(2：1))的移栽基质上获得最大存活率97.78%。

正 植物名称:黄莲花(Lysimachia vulgaris var.davuroca)。材料类别:野外采集的种子用常规法灭菌,接种到MS培养基中,40天后种子开始发芽,待幼苗长到2cm时,切取下胚轴和带有 两片子叶的茎尖进行培养。取再生小植株茎切段再进行培养。培养条件:培养基为:(1)MS+NAA0.01mg/L

摘　要： 金丝桃、黄莲花是长白山优良的野生草本宿根花卉，花皆为黄色，花序或花径大，花期长，观赏价值高。可采用播种繁殖，栽植与管护技术简单，1次栽植多年受益，是理想的城市园林绿化地被植物。

In order to select green roof plants in north cold area,the effects of drought stress on 4 Crassulaceae species of physiological indexes were studied,including leaf relative water content,relative electrical conductivity,MDA (malondialdehyde) content,combined with subordinate function comprehensive evaluation of plant drought resistance ability.With the extension of drought stress, S.sarmentosum,H.spectabile and S.kamtschaticum was identified as normal growth and S.hybridum cv.Immergrunchell was identified as inhibited growth by means of morphological evaluation.Leaf relative water content of Sedum leaves decreased.The relative electrical conductivity and MDA content of S.sarmentosum increased slightly which indicated it has high drought resistance.The drought resistance of 4 Crassulaceae species were comprehensive evaluated with subordinate function and their drought resistance order as following: S.sarmentosum>H.spectabile>S.kamtschaticum>S.hybridum cv.Immergrunchell.

为筛选适合北方地区的屋顶绿化植物，以4种景天科植物为试材，采用盆栽控水法研究干旱胁迫对植物叶片相对含水量、相对电导率及丙二醛含量等抗旱性生理指标的影响，并结合植物生长状况及隶属函数法综合评价4种植物的抗旱能力强弱。结果表明，随着干旱胁迫时间的增加，形态上卧茎景天( Sedum sarmentosum)、长药景天(Hylotelephium spectabile)和堪察加景天(S. kamtschaticum)的评价等级为生长一般，德国景天(S. hybridum cv.Immergrunchell)生长受抑制。各种景天的叶片相对含水量都呈下降趋势，卧茎景天的相对电导率及丙二醛含量增幅较小，抗旱性较强。通过隶属函数综合评价，4种景天植物的抗旱能力大小为卧茎景天>长药景天>堪察加景天>德国景天。

Sophora davidii, an endemic leguminous shrub, is a potential tool species for vegetation and ecosystem rehabilitation in the arid region of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, southwest China. In order to assess the ability of tolerating drought in the species, we investigated the effects of drought stress on growth, biomass production and partitioning, water-use efficiency, leaf anatomical characteristics and photosynthetic pigment contents of S. davidii seedlings. Two-month-old seedlings were grown under water supply regimes of 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20% water-holding capacity (WHC), respectively, in an open-sided greenhouse. Leaf area, branch number, basal diameter, root length, root mass per soil volume, biomass production and WUE were the greatest in the seedlings of 100% WHC treatment, and they slightly declined in 80% WHC but were greatly reduced in 60%-40% WHC and were severely retarded by 20% WHC. As expected, drought induced an increase in root mass fraction and a decrease in leaf mass fraction, thereby maintaining a balance between water-losing and water-obtaining processes. Drought stress increased palisade mesophyll thickness while reduced spongy mesophyll thickness. Moreover, drought significantly increased Chla, Chlb, Chla+b, and carotenoid contents (Car), but decreased the ratios of Cha/b and Chl/Car. The results demonstrated that S. davidii seedlings avoid or tolerate drought by reducing branching intensity and leaf area while maintaining a high percentage of root mass and chlorophyll content in leaves. The fact that there was no mortality and leaf shedding in the seedlings even under 20% WHC condition indicates that this native N-fixing shrub species has a great potential for vegetation restoration in dry valleys of the Hengduan Mountain and other arid regions.

为了探讨白刺花 (Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels) 幼苗对持续干旱胁迫的适应能力及对策，用盆栽方法人工模拟土壤干旱条件，设置土壤田间持水量 (WHC) 100%、80%、60%、40%和20% 5个干旱胁迫处理，研究了幼苗生长、生物量分配、水分利用效率 (WUE) 、叶形态解剖结构以及光合色素等在不同干旱胁迫强度下的变化特点。结果显示，胁迫处理96d后，100% WHC条件下白刺花幼苗的总叶面积、分枝数、基径及最大根长等均最大；80% WHC对幼苗产生了轻度胁迫，随着干旱胁迫强度的进一步增加，幼苗生长显著减小。干旱胁迫限制了新生叶发生与单叶面积扩展，导致冠层总叶面积减小，从而引起幼苗光合能力及生物量积累均降低。随着胁迫强度的增加，叶生物量所占的比例及叶面积/根生物量的比值都明显减小，而根生物量所占的比例增大，这说明叶生长对干旱胁迫反应比根更加敏感。另外,干旱胁迫下WUE随着生物量与耗水量的减小而降低,表明幼苗具有浪费型水分利用对策。叶绿素 (Chla、Chlb和Chla+b) 及类胡萝卜素含量 (Car) 都随着干旱胁迫增强而呈增大趋势，但Chla/b及 Chl/Ca变化趋势相反。干旱胁迫对叶片解剖结构影响较小，土壤水分减少时仅栅栏组织厚度略有增厚，海绵组织变薄。研究结果证明，60% WHC是幼苗生长、生物量积累、WUE和光捕获复合体活性受到明显抑制的干旱胁迫强度阈值；20% WHC胁迫处理对幼苗产生了严重危害。但是在实验过程中，即使在20%WHC条件下也未出现叶片凋落及幼苗死亡，表明当年生白刺花具有较强的干旱忍受能力，幼苗通过减小地上蒸发面积、增加地下生长及叶绿素含量等多种形态与生理策略适应干旱胁迫。

Drought stress is the dominant environmental factor limiting plant growth in arid and semi-arid areas. The effects of 15 d drought stress and 6 d re-watering on physiological indices relating drought tolerance and enzyme activities of crested wheatgrass ( Agropyron cristatum ) were analyzed. Results showed that the leaves of crested wheatgrass could keep relatively high water content under drought stress and relative water content (RWC) recovered rapidly in leaves during re-watering. There was no severe drought damage on photochemical system. Photochemical efficiency ( F v /F m ) only decreased 6.62% after 10 days drought stress. Electrolyte leakage (EL) of leaves had no significant difference after 5 or 10 days drought stress compared with well-water control. With extended drought stress, EL increased significantly. Under drought stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities gradually decreased. CAT was the most sensitive enzyme to drought stress and POD activities decreased the slowest. The activities of three antioxidant enzymes increased after re-watering and did not show any significant differences 6 days later compared with well-water control. These results suggest that drought tolerance of crested wheatgrass could be related with water retaining capacity during short-time drought stress and rapid recovery of physiological functions after re-watering.

干旱胁迫是干旱与半干旱地区限制植物生长的一个最主要的环境因子。本文研究了15 d的干旱胁迫和6 d的复水对冰草( Agropyron cristatum )叶片抗旱相关生理指标及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:在干旱胁迫下冰草叶片具有较强的水分保持能力,并且在复水过程中叶片相对含水量快速恢复;干旱胁迫对冰草光化学系统的影响较小,10 d的干旱胁迫下, F v /F m 仅下降了6.62%;5 d和10 d的干旱胁迫对冰草叶片电解质外渗的影响与对照差异不显著,而随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,叶片电解质外渗显著升高。在水分胁迫下, 冰草超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性逐渐降低,CAT对干旱胁迫最敏感,而POD活性下降最慢;复水后3种酶的活性升高,复水6 d后都恢复到干旱处理前的水平。由此表明,冰草的抗旱性可能和短期干旱胁迫下叶片的保水能力以及复水后叶片生理功能的快速恢复有关。

The drought resistance of switchgrass seedling is a key factor limiting its growth in arid and semi-arid areas. Drought-resistance indicators and recovery growth after re-watering of switchgrass seedling were studied with split-unit design. Effects of persistent drought on the seedling growth and development of switchgrass differed from different varieties (lines). The Xiji 2 (from Alamo) had better drought-resistance than others. The growth of switchgrass seedling was restrained with the increasing of drought stress. The top of seedling was firstly restrained when drought stress was less than 10 days and soil moisture content (SWC) was higher than 3.7%. The seedling was completely restrained with the loss of leaf water and chlorophyll content reduced sharply, whereas root/shoot ratio, MDA content, the SOD, CAT and POD activities of seedling were increased when drought stress for 12 days. The top of seedling was dry and the new sprout grew after re-watering. Switchgrass would be dying and could not be revived after re-watering if drought stress was more than 12 days (more than 14 days for Xiji 2). Therefore, Xiji 2 might be a suitable variety recommended for use in the lack of rain areas and should be re-watered timely to rescue seedling after more than 10 days of drought stress and SWC was under 3.7%.

柳枝稷（ Panicum virgatum ）苗期的耐旱能力是其在干旱、半干旱地区生长的关键，为确定其耐旱能力，采用裂区试验设计对柳枝稷抗旱相关指标以及复水后幼苗的生长状况进行研究。结果表明：持续干旱胁迫对不同柳枝稷品种（系）的影响存在差异，其中以西稷2号（从Alamo中选育）的抗旱性较好。随干旱胁迫时间增加，其生长发育逐渐受到抑制，当胁迫时间低于10 d，土壤含水量高于3.7%时，其地上部生长受到一定程度的抑制，叶片失水，叶绿素含量急剧降低，根冠比、丙二醛（MDA）含量、以及抗氧化酶（SOD，CAT，POD）活性升高，此时复水柳枝稷幼苗能迅速恢复生长；当胁迫时间继续增大到12 d时，柳枝稷叶片失水严重，植株根冠比、叶片MDA含量，以及SOD，CAT，POD活性急剧升高，柳枝稷地上部干枯，此时复水可重新长出幼苗；但当胁迫时间超过12 d时（西稷2号超过14 d），将因缺水干旱死亡。因此，柳枝稷在降雨缺乏地区种植时，可选用西稷2号作为推广品种（系），且在持续干旱时间超过10 d，土壤含水量低于3.7%时，应及时复水救苗。

During adaptation to the environment, plants can gradually develop drought resistance via a process of natural selection. Plants are often under water stress in the cold and dry environmental conditions on the Tibetan Plateau, and these conditions can directly affect various physiological activities. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the drought resistance of selected plants from the Tibetan Plateau, and to provide a reference for selecting drought-tolerant plants. We collected six species of plants from the Tibetan Plateau; Hedysarum multijugum Maxim, Comarum salesovianum (Steph.) Asch. et Graebn., Berberis diaphana Maxim., Sibiraea laevigata (Linn.) Maxim., Caragana arborescens (Amm.) Lam. and Sophora moorcroftiana Benth Baker. To protect themselves against drought and low-temperature stress, plants have evolved efficient antioxidant systems to scavenge reactive oxygen species. We evaluated changes in the amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble protein, chlorophyll, soluble sugars, and starch in leaves of these species subjected to increasingly severe drought conditions in a pot experiment. The soil moisture was greater than 80% of field capacity for the normal level, 50%-70% for mild drought, 30%-50% for moderate drought, and less than 30% for severe drought. In all six plant species, the MDA content increased slowly from day 0 to day 12 of the drought treatment, and then increased significantly after day 16 to reach a peak when the soil water content was approximately 12%. Caragana arborescens showed the smallest increase in MDA content under drought, but had the highest MDA content (4.72 mmol/g) among the six plant species. The proline content increased in all six species under drought, and there were significant differences among species in the amount of proline accumulated. The largest increase in proline content was in S. moorcroftiana (peak value, 9981.67 mg/g; 37.43 times that in CK), and the smallest was in S. laevigata (peak value was 0.49 times that in CK). The leaf soluble protein content increased under drought conditions in all six species, but began to decrease when the drought conditions became more severe. The largest decrease in protein content under severe drought conditions was in S. moorcroftiana (a decrease of 39.22%, compared with the peak protein concentration). The chlorophyll concentrations in the leaves of the six species first increased and then decreased as the drought conditions became more severe. In the moderate drought period, the chlorophyll content of seedling leaves began to recover, probably because of a decrease in leaf water content. In all six species, the chlorophyll content on day 24 of the drought was lower than that on day 0. The largest decrease in chlorophyll concentration was in C. salesovianum (15.43 mg/g). The soluble starch contents in all six species decreased under drought because of a reduction in photosynthesis; however, all species showed an increase in soluble sugars content, which improved the osmotic adjustment capability of cells. The largest increases in soluble sugars contents and the largest reductions in starch contents were in S. moorcroftiana and C. arborescens . These species were able to retain higher cell turgor pressure at lower water potential, compared with the other species. After day 16 of the drought treatment, the decreases in starch and soluble sugar contents in the leaves indicated that prolonged water stress caused decomposition of biomass, reduced biosynthesis, and a weaker ability for osmotic adjustment. The drought resistance of plants is the sum of many physiological factors, and represents complex interactions among these factors. Thus, it is a complicated physiological adjustment mechanism. The six species were ranked differently in terms of each of the physiological indexes measured. Therefore, we used principal component analysis to select the most important physiological indexes of drought resistance: chlorophyll, MDA, and starch contents. The results of the principal component analysis indicated that species could be ranked, in terms of most to least drought resistant, as follows: C. arborescens > H. multijugum > S. moorcroftiana > B. diaphana > S. laevigata > C. salesovianum.

以青藏高原6种植物：红花岩黄芪（ Hedysarum multijugum Maxim.）、西北沼委陵菜（ Comarum salesovianum （Steph.）Asch. et Graebn.）、鲜黄小檗（ Berberis diaphana Maxim.）、鲜卑花（ Sibiraea laevigata （Linn.）Maxim.）、树锦鸡儿（ Caragana arborescens （Amm.）Lam.）、砂生槐（ Sophora moorcroftiana （Benth.）Baker）为试材进行干旱胁迫模拟盆栽试验，通过对比6种植物叶片中丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素、可溶性糖、淀粉含量的变化，对供选植物进行抗旱性能分析与评价，为在青藏高原地区筛选优良耐旱植物提供参考依据。设置土壤含水量占田间持水量80%以上为正常水平，50%-70%为轻度干旱，30%-50%为中度干旱，低于30%为重度干旱。研究表明，6种供试植物叶片MDA含量逐渐升高，当土壤含水量占田间持水量12%左右时达到最大值，树锦鸡儿的增幅较另5种苗木最小，而峰值最大。脯氨酸含量都呈增加趋势，其中砂生槐最高，为9981.67 mg/g，峰值与对照值相比，砂生槐增加最多为37.43 倍，鲜卑花最小为0.49 倍。苗木叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量总体表现出现增大后减小的规律，且所有测定值都高于正常水分条件下的含量。6种苗木的叶绿素含量在干旱胁迫下总体呈现先降低再升高最后再降低的趋势，24 d时均低于对照值，下降最多的为西北沼委陵菜（15.43 mg/g）。由于干旱下苗木的光合产物转化受抑，以淀粉形式的累积量减少，所以6种苗木的可溶性糖含量呈上升趋势，而淀粉含量呈下降趋势，通过积累可溶性糖以提高细胞的渗透调节能力。砂生槐、树锦鸡儿的可溶性糖含量增幅与淀粉含量的减少明显高于其余苗木，使其在较低叶水势下仍保持较高的细胞膨压，以减缓水分胁迫的不利影响。主成分分析表明，6种苗木抗旱性由强到弱依次为：树锦鸡儿、红花岩黄芪、砂生槐、鲜黄小檗、鲜卑花、西北沼委陵菜。

The experiment was conducted to estimate the drought tolerance of Delphinium grandiflorum seedling stressed by PEG with the concentrations of 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%, respectively. Different physiology indices including cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), free proline (Pro), peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and soluble protein were measured. The results showed that the cell membrane permeability, MDA and Pro concentration in seedling leaves of D.grandiflorum increased with drought stress increased. SOD and POD activity increased firstly and then decreased with drought stress increased. Soluble protein concentration had no difference between control and different stress treatments. All of these variation suggested that the seedling of D.grandiflorum had drought tolerance in some degree.

为研究大花飞燕草( Delphinium grandiflorum )幼苗抗旱性, 采用不同浓度(0、5%、10%、15%、20%和25%)的PEG溶液对大花飞燕草幼苗进行模拟干旱胁迫, 测定了其细胞膜透性、丙二醛、脯氨酸、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶以及可溶性蛋白等生理生化指标。结果表明, 随着干旱胁迫的加剧, 大花飞燕草幼苗叶片细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量和脯氨酸总体呈上升趋势;超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性总体呈先升后降的趋势, 可溶性蛋白在各个胁迫条件下差异不大;综合各指标表明大花飞燕草幼苗具有一定的耐旱性。

植物在经受干旱胁迫时,通过细胞对干旱信号的感知和传导,调节基因表达,产生新蛋白质,从而引起大量形态、生理和生化上的变化.干旱胁迫对植物在细胞、器官、个体、群体等水平上的形态指标有显著影响,也会影响其光合作用、渗透调节、抗氧化系统等生理生化指标.植物对干旱胁迫的分子响应较复杂,包括合成一些新的基因如NCED、dehydrin基因和CBF、DREB等转录因子.另外,干旱胁迫还能造成蛋白质组学的变化.参52

摘　要： 采用盆栽试验,以西北牡丹品种群三年生嫁接苗冰山藏玉、粉容素妆、金城女郎为供试材料,研究干旱胁迫和涝害胁迫下3个牡丹品种体内可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量以及细胞膜透性的变化规律。结果表明,随着胁迫程度的增加,3个品种可溶性蛋白含量降低,可溶性糖含量和细胞膜透性则上升。随着胁迫时间的延长,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量出现先上升后下降的趋势,细胞膜透性则持续上升。在半水淹环境下,3个品种指标的变化幅度最大,受到的伤害也最大,均不耐半水淹。在半水淹饱和水处理下,冰山藏玉指标的变化幅度最大,金城女郎最小。在35%水淹处理下,金城女郎变化幅度最大,粉容素妆最小。冰山藏玉及粉容素妆在35%水淹处理下指标变化幅度小于饱和水处理,金城女郎则正相反。从上述3个指标的变化幅度规律综合评价3个牡丹品种的耐旱性,依次为粉容素妆〉冰山藏玉〉金城女郎,耐水渍性依次为金城女郎〉粉容素妆〉冰山藏玉。

Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) and Leaf dry matter content (LDMC, the ratio of leaf dry mass to fresh mass) are very important leaf traits. Both SLA and LDMC reflect a fundamental trade-off in plant functioning between a rapid production of biomass (high SLA, low LDMC species) and an efficient conservation of nutrients (low SLA, high LDMC species). In this study, the SLA and LDMC of three dominant Chenopodiaceae plants in Horqin sandy land was compared under different soil nutrients, soil water content and plant density. The results showed that soil nutrients and soil water content have predominant effects on SLA and LDMC of the three Chenopodiaceae plants, in which soil nutrients is the highest variation coefficient. But we didn't found plant density change the SLA and LDMC of the three plants obviously. The effect of interactions of soil nutrients, soil water content and plant density on SLA and LDMC is relatively insignificant, only nutrient-by-water interaction affect the SLA or LDMC of all three plants significantly. Nutrients supply increased SLA but reduced LDMC of Agriophyllum squarrosum and Chenopodium macrocarpum. Whereas, Chenopodium acuminatum has opposite response mode to nutrients supply, showing decreased SLA vs increased LDMC. The effects of soil nutrient and soil water content upon Chenopodium acuminatum were weaker than on the other two.

以科尔沁沙地3种主要的藜科植物为实验材料，通过控制土壤养分、土壤水分以及种群密度,研究植物比叶面积（SLA）和叶干物质含量（LDMC）对土壤养分、土壤水分和种群密度及三者交互作用的响应。结果表明：养分和水分对这3种植物的SLA和LDMC的影响均为显著，其中养分为最大的变异源。3种藜科植物的SLA和LDMC对密度处理响应均为不显著。交互作用对3种藜科植物SLA和LDMC的影响则要弱于单因素（密度、水分）处理；养分的增加导致沙蓬、大果虫实的SLA增大，LDMC减小;水分对SLA、LDMC的影响和养分相似；尖头叶藜的响应方式与沙蓬、大果虫实相异，随养分的增加其SLA有减小的趋势，LDMC反而有增大的趋势; 土壤养分、水分的改变对尖头叶藜SLA和LDMC的影响较弱。

Qitai Highway is located in the arid and semiarid areas of Songnen Plain. Selection of droughttolerant plants applied to slope ecoengineering has great significance in preventing the highway slope from soil erosion, enhancing the stability of the roadbed and ecological restoration of highway surroundings. In this study, twoyearold seedlings of Amorpha fruticosa, Tamarix chinensis and Caragana microphylla were taken as test materials, which were individually treated with five moisture gradients (control, mild stress, moderate stress, severe stress and extremely severe stress). After 21 days, the conductivity、total chlorophyll content, activity of SOD, content of MDA, soluble sugar content and proline content of the seedlings leaves were determined to investigate the droughtresistant abilities of these three kinds of seedlings. The results showed that with the prolonged drought, proline content and membrane permeability of three kinds of seedlings presented a rising trend. Total chlorophyll content and SOD activity of three kinds of seedlings increased in the beginning and then decreased. content of MDA and soluble sugar content in the leaves of A.fruticosa and C.microphylla increased first and then decreased. Content of MDA and soluble sugar content in the leaves of T. chinensis were in an upward trend. Through subordinate function analysis on 6 physical signs, the order of droughtresistant abilities of three kinds of seedlings was: A.fruticosa>C.microphylla>T.chinensis, and the difference was not obvious. The results showed that three species were all suitable as Qitai Highway slope protection plant. A.fruticosa was suitable planted in mild drought and very severe drought slope, T.chinensis was suitable planted in moderate stress drought slope and C.microphylla was suitable for planted in severe drought slope.

齐泰高速公路位于松嫩平原干旱、半干旱地区，耐旱护坡植物的选择对防止公路边坡水土流失，增强路基稳定性及公路周边生态恢复具有重要意义。以紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)和小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)2年龄灌木为试验材料，采用干旱棚控水法，对灌木进行5个水分梯度处理(对照、轻度胁迫、中度胁迫、重度胁迫、极重度胁迫)21 d后，测定灌木叶片的电导率、叶绿素(Chl)总量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量以及脯氨酸(Pro)含量，探讨3种植物的抗干旱能力。结果表明，随着干旱胁迫的加剧，3种灌木叶片的Pro含量、膜质透性(RPP)呈上升趋势；叶片的Chl总量、SOD活性呈先上升后下降的趋势。紫穗槐和小叶锦鸡儿的叶片MDA含量和SS含量呈先上升后下降的趋势，柽柳叶片MDA和SS含量呈上升趋势。通过隶属度函数得出3种灌木对干旱胁迫适应程度由高至低为紫穗槐>小叶锦鸡儿>柽柳。紫穗槐适宜种植在轻度干旱和极重度干旱边坡，柽柳适宜种植在中度干旱边坡，小叶锦鸡儿适宜种植在重度干旱边坡。

The effects of drought stress and re-watering on dry weights,some morphological indicators,chlorophyll content,gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Hosta were studied using H. clausa var. ensata and H. ventricosa as examples. With time and an increase of drought stress,the effect of drought stress on dry weights,some morphological indicators and chlorophyll content of the two Hostas gradually increased. In addition,the net photosynthetic rate ( P n ),stomatal conductance ( G s ),and transpiration rate ( T r ) decreased or significantly decreased,internal CO 2 concentration ( C i ) decreased or increased,and the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry ( F v / F m ),the PSII maximum efficiency within light-adapted material( F v '/ F m '),actual efficiency of photochemical energy conversion in PSII under light ( Φ PSII ),photochemical quenching coefficient ( qP ) all decreased or significantly decreased,but the nonphotochemical Chl fluorescence quenching ( NPQ ) of the two Hosta species significantly increased. After drought stress for 15 days or 30 days and re-watering for 15 days,the indicators recovered to differing extents. There was no irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus after drought stress for 30 d. The comparative analysis of related physiological indexes showed that the drought resistance of H. clausa var. ensata was stronger than that of H. ventricosa .

以东北玉簪和紫萼玉簪为材料,研究了干旱胁迫及复水对玉簪干物质量、部分形态指标、叶绿素含量、气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的影响,结果表明,随干旱胁迫时间的延长和干旱程度的增加,干旱胁迫处理对2种玉簪干物质量、部分形态指标、叶绿素含量的抑制作用逐渐增大。此外,干旱胁迫处理能够降低或显著降低2种玉簪的净光合速率( P n )、气孔导度( G s )、蒸腾速率( T r ),降低或升高胞间CO 2 浓度( C i );降低或显著降低PSII最大光能转化效率( F v / F m )、光适应下PSII最大光能转化效率( F v '/ F m ')、PSII电子传递量子效率( Φ PSII )和光化学猝灭系数( qP ),显著提高非光化学猝灭系数( NPQ )。而干旱胁迫处理15或30 d后复水15 d,各指标均能得到不同程度的恢复;30 d的干旱胁迫未造成光合细胞器的不可逆损伤。2种玉簪相关生理指标的比较分析结果显示,东北玉簪抗旱能力强于紫萼玉簪。

Drought is a serious stress factor, limiting crop yield and restricting the expansion of production area. Breeding and commercialization of drought-resistant varieties is an important approach to alleviate the negative impact. Tea Chrysanthemum with its multiple health benefit has shown a great potential for the improvement of people's living standards. Current research activities have been centered on cultivation techniques, product processing, and chemical analysis. However, there is only limited information on varietal differences in response to drought stress and its mechanisms. In this study, four tea Chrysanthemum cultivars were used to investigate morphological, physiological, and photosynthetic characteristics of seedlings in pot experiments with varied relative water content (RWC) in the soil (control, RWC at 85%-90%; light stress, RWC at 65%-70%; medium stress, RWC at 45%-50%; sever stress, RWC at 25%-30%) in order to unveil varietal differences and possible mechanisms of drought resistance. Multiple indicator variables were analyzed by the method of membership function to evaluate synthetic drought resistance. These variables provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and breeding of water-saving drought-resistant varieties. Results showed that, following the increased severity of drought stress, the growth of four tea Chrysanthemum cultivars was inhibited as parameters for the leaf increment, leaf area, and biomass were decreased, while the root to shoot ratio increased to enhance the soil moisture utilization. Following the decrease of leaf relative water content, the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) was increased, while the content of praline (Pro) and soluble protein (SPC) was increased to maintain the cell turgor content. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were enhanced to protect cell membranes from damages. Under the increased levels of drought stress, chlorophyll (Chl) content was significantly increased, and net photosynthetic rate ( P n ), transpiration rate ( T r ), and stomatal conductance ( G s ) were significantly reduced. The intercellular CO 2 concentration ( C i ) initially decreased and then increased, indicating that the reduced photosynthetic rate of plants under drought conditions was related to stomatal and non-stomatal factors. In the meantime, following the increased levels of drought stress, differences in morphology, biochemical and photosynthetic characters among four tea Chrysanthemum cultivars were observed. The leaf relative water content of Ruhe, Huangchulong, and Fanbailu were higher than in Yurenmian. The biomass yield and Pro content were higher and MDA content was lower in Ruhe, and it significantly differed from the rest of varieties. The membership function method was used to calculate the synthetic drought resistance. Ruhe was the most drought resistant, followed by Huangchulong, then Fanbailu, and finally Yurenmian, suggesting that Ruhe should be considered first for water-saving cultivation.

以4种茶菊幼苗为材料,采用盆栽控水法,研究了不同强度干旱胁迫下茶菊形态、生理生化及光合生长的响应特性,并对其进行耐旱性评价。结果显示,随着干旱胁迫程度的增强,各茶菊幼苗叶片数增量、叶面积、生物量、叶片相对含水量、净光合速率( P n )、蒸腾速率( T r )和气孔导度( G s )降低;根冠比、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性蛋白(SPC)含量和叶绿素(Chl)含量增加;胞间CO 2 ( C i )浓度先降后升;乳荷、黄滁龙株高增量持续降低,而玉人面、繁白露株高增量先升后降;玉人面叶超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)呈先升后降趋势,其它3个品种则持续升高。运用隶属函数法对抗旱能力进行综合评定,不同茶菊品种耐旱性由高到低为乳荷> 黄滁龙> 繁白露> 玉人面。

摘　要： 经渗透胁迫后，ＣＯ２倍增条件下小麦叶片的ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＸ和ＣＡＴ的活性均显著高于对照，上升或稳定时期较长；在渗透胁迫后期ＭＤＡ含量和电解质泄露率增加较慢，显著低于对照；Ｈ２Ｏ２含量一直高于对照但进行ＰＥＧ胁迫后增长较慢。ＣＯ２倍增条件下，小麦细胞出现ＤＮＡ梯的时间较晚而且持续时间较长，ＤＮＡ梯出现时抗氧化酶和Ｈ２Ｏ２处于相对稳定状态。结果表明在渗透胁迫下ＣＯ２倍增使小麦的抗氧化能力增强从而减轻了对细

Physiological changes of the seedlings of Duranta repens cv. ‘Dwarf Yellow' , Pueraria lobata , Thunbergia erecta , Duranta repens and Tephrosia candida were observed under drought stress. The results showed that during drought stress period, the water content of the five seedlings declined; their chlorophyll, free proline, soluble sugar and MDA contents and SOD activity increased; the content of soluble protein of D. repens slightly fluctuated, whereas that of other seedlings increased gradually. These physiological indices generally recovered to the control level after rewatering. Seedlings' physiological properties were evaluated using principal component analysis, and their drought resistance was sequenced as T. candida > D. repens > T. erecta > D. repens cv. Dwarf Yellow > P. lobata.

以黄金叶( Duranta repens cv.‘Dwarf Yellow' ),葛藤( Pueraria lobata ),老鸭嘴( Thunbergia erecta ),假连翘( Duranta repens ),山毛豆( Tephrosia candida )5种幼苗为试验材料,研究了人工模拟干旱胁迫环境对幼苗叶片生理指标的影响,结果表明干旱胁迫期间,5种幼苗的叶片含水量下降,5种幼苗叶片的叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性逐渐增加,假连翘幼苗的叶片蛋白质含量小幅波动,其余幼苗持续上升。复水后幼苗的各项生理指标通常恢复到对照水平。主成分分析结果表明,5种幼苗的抗旱性为山毛豆>假连翘>老鸭嘴>黄金叶>葛藤。

本试验选择具有代表性并能真实反映植物抗旱性的17项形态指标及生长指标对国内外10个紫花苜蓿种质资源的抗旱性进行综合评价，根据评价结果挑选出强抗旱性、中抗旱性及弱抗旱性三个紫花苜蓿材料进行紫花苜蓿抗旱机制的研究，为探讨苜蓿抗旱机理积累资料，主要研究结果如下： 1.通过主成分分析及隶属函数分析，将17个差异显著的抗旱形态与生长指标综合为4个主成分即生物量因子、株型因子、根系因子和胁迫指数因子，10个紫花苜蓿种质资源的抗旱性由强到弱依次为：陇东、BL-02-388、敖汉、BL-02-312、BL-02-344、公农1号、中苜1号、BL-02-353、新疆大叶、BL-02-...