As the key species, plateau pika and zokor play an important role in energy flow and nutrient circle of alpine meadow ecosystem in QinghaiTibetan Plateau. The negative effectiveness of plateau pika and zokor activities caused by extreme increase in number have been widely accepted by meadow managers but the positive effects of plateau pika and zokor activities on vegetation and soil should not be overlooked. Firstly, the population characteristics of plateau pika and zokor, which usually cause hazard in the QinghaiTibet Plateau, were briefly introduced, and then effects of two populations on vegetation and soil were discussed completely in this paper. This study proposed that plateau pika and zokor activities with the smaller density improved the community composition, plant diversity, biomass and seed dispersal; however, plateau pika and zokor activities with a higher density degraded vegetation and soil by increasing unpalatable plants and reducing plant height, cover and biomass, and accelerating soil erosion and reducing nutrients. The key problem of control plateau pika and zokor activity is to determine the causing hazard density and maintain the balance of alpine meadow ecosystem.

作为青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统组分的关键种，高原鼠兔Ochotona curzoniae和高原鼢鼠Myospalax baileyi在高寒草甸生态系统物质循环和能量流动中具有重要作用。虽然高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠数量极端扩张后所产生的消极影响已被广泛认识，但其行为活动对生态系统土壤和植被的积极作用也不容忽略。通过简述青藏高原地区危害最严重的高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠的生物学特征，全面分析了这2个种群的行为活动对高寒草甸生态系统植被和土壤的双重作用，指出这2个种群在适宜范围内对高寒草甸植被群落结构的种类组成、多样性、生物量及种子传播具有一定的积极效应，但当种群密度过大便会对高寒草甸生态系统的植被和土壤产生巨大的消极作用，加速植被和土壤退化。高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠活动利害转变的关键在于确定种群致灾密度，从而发挥其积极作用，维持高寒草甸生态系统的平衡。

The damage of rodents in grassland occurred in qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, western sichuan in different level respectively and the loss was huge in 2000, which causes serious damage to local grassland and ecological environment of the river source arreas. The obvious character is followed (1)the pests are mainly small rodents living in group and those living under ground. (2) the pests increase the grassland degradation and the desert process. (3)herding excessively is the important cause leading to the rodents’ outbreak. So the management strategy is suggested as followed: (1)the pests monitoring and warning system must be established soon. (2)development of the IPM district is necessary. (3)the use of rodentcides correctly and safely is required. (4)strengthen the training for herdman and arrange the capacity of grassland for heds scientifically. (4)arrange the fund overall from sectors concerned to exert the positive function of local government and common people, etc.

2000年我国青海、新疆、内蒙古、四川分别发生不同程度的草原鼠害,经济损失巨大。对鼠害发生区的草原以及江源地区的生态环境和水土保持造成严重破坏。草原鼠灾发生的主要特点是:害鼠以小型群居鼠类或地下生活的鼠种为主。草原害鼠加剧了草场退化和荒漠化进程。过度或不合理放牧是鼠灾“爆发”的诱发成因。本文提出防治鼠害发生的对策:建立健全鼠灾预警系统;推广综合防治示范区;讲究合理用药与用药安全;加强对牧工的培训,合理安排草场载畜量;统筹安排畜牧、环境保护与卫生部门的经费,发挥地方政府和群众及各方面积极性。

Based on the accumulation knowledge of teaching, research, practice of governments, and production managements in the city/county and township levels, this study was made on the development history of grassland rodent pests control and research. Five developing stages of grassland rodent pests control and research were proposed after comparative analysis, including ecological regulation stage, grassland rodent pests control based on hygienic epidemic prevention stage, chemical pesticides oriented stage, grassland integrated pests management (IPM) stage, and accurate and sustainable control stage. Each stage period was divided by transitional events, the representative countermeasures, prevention and control technologies, and the monumental significant academic activities. Besides, important works were also summarized in this study.

本研究基于教学、科研、管理及生产管理的实践，分析了我国草地鼠害防治与研究的发展历史，将我国草地鼠害防治与研究史划分为5个发展阶段，分别是自然生态调控阶段、基于预防医学的鼠害防治阶段、以化学药物为主的草地害鼠防治阶段、草地鼠害的综合防治（IPM）阶段及草地鼠害的精确性可持续控制阶段，并界定了各个阶段的标志性时间段，概述了每个阶段的重大事件、对策和防控技术、具有标志性意义的学术活动及重要论著。

2007-2008年在肃南县 大河乡大岔村的高寒草甸和高寒草原对高原鼠兔的经济损害水平及防治指标研究的结果表明,高原鼠兔种群数量与其危害所造成草原牧草减产量(地上植物)及经济 损失呈正相关关系,相关系数为:r=0.9765;高原鼠兔的有效洞口数(X)与牧草减产量(M)的线性回归方程 为:M=-16.9603+0.9180X;在1 330hm2范围内用C型肉毒梭菌生物毒素进行防治,核算单位面积防治成本为25.05元/hm2;试验期间,高原鼠兔的实际鼠密度高达510有效洞口 /hm2,经济损害水平为130有效洞口/hm2;实际经济损失率高达32.9%,而经济允许损失率只有11.2%。根据经济允许损失率测算的有效防治指 标为185有效洞口/hm2。

摘　要： 通过在高原鼠兔不同密度区对植被地上生物量、盖度、高度三项指标分布均匀度的测定与分析，对高原鼠兔种各密度与植被均匀度间的关系进行了研究。结果表明，凡高原鼠兔分布地，植被三项指标均表现为不均匀性分布，在一定范围内，鼠群密度随植被均匀度的下降而增加，两者间的极显著性线性相关关系。植被的斑块状极度破坏是使高的鼠兔迁入的重要因素，尤以斑块状裸地的诱迁作用为甚。

摘　要： 为探讨高原鼠兔对土壤理化性质的作用，本研究于2005年8月，采用灼烧和烘干法，分别测定了高原鼠兔栖息及被灭杀地区土壤有机质含量及湿度。结果表明：高原鼠兔栖息地区，0～5cm及6-10cm土壤层有机质含量和湿度均极显著或显著高于被灭杀地区；11～30cm土壤层，二者无显著的差异；31～50cm土壤层，有机质含量差异极湿著，而土壤湿度则无显著差异。说明，高原鼠兔活动可增加高寒草甸土壤表层有机质含量和湿度，进而改变土壤理化性质，促进生态系统物质循环。

The Tibetan Plateau Alpine meadow ecosystem is a unique ecosystem in China. Due to destructive human activities, this ecosystem has been seriously damaged, including the spread of poisonous plants and decrease of grazing grasses. Plateau pika ( Ochotona curzoniae ) and plateau zokor ( Myospalax baileyi ), two important small mammals which are well-known for their feeding and hole-digging behaviors in the East of Tibetan Plateau, have a great impact on the ecosystem in that they may influence the spreading of poisonous plants. To explore the correlation between distribution characteristics of poisonous plants and plateau pika, plateau zokor in the East of Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow, we carried out the field experiments in the natural grassland ecosystem in Hequ Farm, Maqu County, Gansu Province. Our results showed that there were 27 poisonous plant species, which belong to 11 plant families. Based on the numbers of poisonous plant species, we determined the plant biodiversity index, the evenness index and the Margalef richness index, and then analyzed the correlations between distributing characteristics of poisonous plants and plateau pika, plateau zokor. Our data indicated that the spreading of poisonous plants is not significantly related to the density of plateau zokor ( P >0.05), but negatively related to that of plateau pika ( P <0.05) in the East of Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow.

青藏高原高寒草原生态系统是我国特有的生态系统类型，由于受到人为破坏的影响，目前该地区草原生态系统功能退化，优良牧草减少，有毒植物蔓延。高原鼠兔（ Ochotona curzoniae ）和高原鼢鼠（ Myospalax baileyi ）是青藏高原东缘高寒草原中最重要的两种小型哺乳动物，其采食行为和挖掘洞穴的生活特性必然对生态系统产生影响，但其与有毒植物之间的互作关系尚未揭示。基于此，在甘肃省玛曲县河曲马场自然生长的高寒草原生态系统中开展了有毒植物的分布与高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠之间的相关性研究。结果表明，该高寒草原生态系统中分布有毒植物27种，分属于菊科、豆科、毛茛科等11科。在此基础上，测定了该地区有毒植物的生物多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数，并探究了单位面积条件下有毒植物的分布特征与高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠种群密度之间的相关性，发现该地区高寒草原有毒植物的蔓延与高原鼠兔的密度之间存在密切的负相关关系（ P P >0.05）。

We analyzed the effects of burrowing activity of plateau pikas on inorganic nitrogen in soils by measuring the total nitrogen content,N-NH 4 + content,and N-NO 3 - content in different sorts of mounds soil and in soil 0 - 10 cm below the mounds,and estimated increased sizes of inorganic nitrogen by mean mounds density rate. The results showed that total nitrogen contents were not changed in different sorts of mounds soil,and the trend for NH 4 + nitrogen content,NO 3 - nitrogen content,inorganic content were:in new mounds > in two-year mounds > in multiyear mounds > in control soil. The one way ANOVA results showed that NH 4 + nitrogen content was not changed in different sorts of mounds soil,but NO 3 - nitrogen content in new mounds soil and in two-year-old mounds soil was greater than it was in multiyear mounds soil and in control soil in May ( F = 14.55, P df =3,12),and inorganic content in new mounds was greater than it in control soils in May and September (F May =14.55, P df = 3,12; F Sept . = 3. 92, P df =3,12). N-NH 4 + content reduced gradually from May to August,and increased in September,N-NO 3 - content and inorganic nitrogen content showed the trends of “high-low-high-low-high”from May to September. The one way ANOVA results showed significant differences between months. N-NH 4 + content, N-NO 3 - content and inorganic nitrogen content in soils 0 - 10 cm under different sorts mounds showed the same change as in mounds soils among months and treatments,but N-NO 3 - content and inorganic content were greater in soils 0 - 10 cm under new mounds soil than it was in control soil (P and N-NH 4 + content,N-NO 3 - content and inorganic nitrogen content showed significant differences between different months of the magnitude of the changes in N-NH 4 + content,N-NO 3 - content and inorganic nitrogen content were 162.6 mg/ kg, 355.1 mg / kg and 497.7 mg / kg respectively in new mounds soil.

本文通过测定不同类型高原鼠兔鼠丘和鼠丘下0 ～ 10 cm 土壤中总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮的含量变化,分析了高原鼠兔挖掘活动对土壤中无机氮含量的影响,并通过测定高原鼠兔鼠丘密度,计算了每只高原鼠兔对氮素循环的贡献。研究结果表明:不同类型鼠丘土壤中总氮含量无明显变化,铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮含量处理间变化趋势为当年鼠丘>两年鼠丘> 多年鼠丘> 对照。方差分析结果表明,硝态氮含量在5 月时差异显著,当年鼠丘和两年鼠丘显著大于多年鼠丘和对照,无机氮含量在5 月和9 月表现为当年鼠丘显著高于对照。在不同月份,铵态氮含量月间变化趋势为5 ～ 8 月逐渐降低,至9 月略有增加,硝态氮和无机氮含量呈现“高- 低- 高-低- 高”的“W”变化趋势。方差分析结果显示,铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮含量月间变化显著。不同类型鼠丘下0 ～ 10 cm 土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮含量处理间和月份间变化趋势与鼠丘土壤中变化趋势基本一致,但硝态氮和无机氮含量在当年鼠丘中均显著高于对照,且不同月份间铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮的含量差异显著( P < 0.05)。每只高原鼠兔挖掘活动所形成的鼠丘土壤中的铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮分别增加了162.6 mg/ kg、355.1 mg/kg 和497.7 mg/ kg。

通过比较大沙鼠洞区和对照区植物种类组成、盖度和密度的差异,研究了大沙鼠掘洞对准噶尔荒漠植物群落物种组成和植被结构的小尺度影响.使用Mann-Whitney U检验表明,洞区植物种数(n=6.47)显著高于对照区(n=4.32)(z=5.55,p＜0.01);洞区半灌木种数(n=0.89)显著低于对照区(n=1.21)(z=2.70,p＜0.01).由于大沙鼠的采食,建群种盐生假木贼(Anabasis salsa)在洞群区的出现频率,密度以及高度均显著低于对照区;洞区草本植物种数(n=5.55)显著高于对照区(n=3.11)(z=6.65,p＜0.01).3种多年生草本植物在洞区的密度均显著高于其在对照区的密度.在大沙鼠洞区,由于废弃的鼠洞入口塌陷而形成的坑洼中沉积的疏松粗质沙土促进了沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)和细叶鸢尾(Iris tenuifolia)的生长发育.8种一年生植物中,盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)、对叶盐蓬(Grgensohnia oppositiflora)、小车前(Plantago minuta)、鹤虱(Lappula semiglabra)和黄芪(Astragalus sp.)的出现频率和密度在洞区均显著增加.尽管受到大沙鼠的采食,盐生草在洞区的出现频率和密度不仅没有减小,反而显著增加.这可能是由于大沙鼠对土壤的扰动,在洞区形成的裸地促进了盐生草等一年生植物的生长发育.

The grassland rodents obtain their nutrients for growth and development by eating plant tissues. Therefore, the nutrient contents of plant and its quantity have profound influence on rodents. Variations of nutrient contents have unfavorable effects on rodents which required balanced nutritional conditions for their normal survival and reproduction. The research topic about the effects of plant nutrient contents on rodent had been paid more and more attentions. In the present paper, the effects of plant protein, fat cellulose, mineral substance and vitamin on herbivorous rodents were reviewed to provide reference for related researches.

草原啮齿动物通过采食植物获取其生长发育所需的营养成分,因此,植物组织中的营养成分及其含量对啮齿动物有深刻的影响。某种营养成分过低或过高都会对啮齿动物产生不良影响,只有平衡的营养才有利于啮齿动物的生存和繁殖。关于植物营养成分对啮齿动物影响的研究越来越受到生态学家的关注,本文在阅读大量文献的基础上,就植物组织中的蛋白质、脂肪、纤维素、矿物质和维生素等营养成分对啮齿动物的影响做一综述,以期为啮齿动物的相关研究提供参考。

The rodent community were sampled by a trap-day method in four different disturbance habitats in April, July and October (spring, summer, autumn) from 2009 to 2011 in Alashan desert. The habitats were farmland, rotational-grazing, over-grazing and prohibited-grazing areas, and the relationships between rodent community and plant factors were analyzed by Redundancy Analysis (RDA). The results showed that rodent community diversity indices (H) between different disturbance habitats were significant difference (P＜0.05) in three seasons. The highest diversity index of rodent community was found in rotational-grazing area (1.42) and the lowest was the over-grazing area (0.91) in spring; in the same way, the highest index was found in farmland area (1.45) and the lowest was the grazing-exclusion area (1.06) in summer; the highest index was found in over-grazing area (1.23) and the lowest was the grazing-exclusion area (0.65) in autumn. The RDA with forward selection showed that variations of rodent community were significantly related to coverage of suffruticosa plant and density of herbaceous plant in spring and summer, density and coverage of herbaceous plant in autumn. We suggest that coverage and density of plants are the most important factors influencing the structures of rodent community in Alashan desert.

2009―2011年4月、7月和10月(春、夏、秋季), 在内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区选择了4种不同干扰生境, 分别为开垦区、轮牧区、过牧区和禁牧区, 采用铗日法对生境中的啮齿动物进行了调查, 运用冗余分析法(Redundancy Analysis, RDA)研究了不同季节啮齿动物群落特征及其与植物因子之间的关系。结果表明, 春、夏、秋3个季节啮齿动物群落物种多样性指数(H)在不同干扰生境间差异显著(P＜0.05), 春季啮齿动物群落多样性指数轮牧区最高(1.42), 过牧区最低(0.91);夏季啮齿动物群落多样性开垦区最高(1.45), 禁牧区最低(1.06);而秋季啮齿动物群落多样性过牧区最高(1.23), 禁牧区最低(0.65)。冗余分析表明, 春季和夏季灌木盖度和草本密度对荒漠啮齿动物群落组成的影响均显著, 而秋季是草本密度和草本盖度对荒漠啮齿动物群落组成的影响显著。因此, 植物盖度和密度是影响阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落结构的关键环境因子。

摘　要： 对高原鼢鼠种群不同发展阶段下植被的群落特征进行了为时３年的研究。结果表明，植物种的多样 性、植被的闰我度和地下生物量均表现为随鼠群数量的增另和作用时间的工而增加，群落的平均高度则因低矮植物的增加而有所下降，在一定条件睛，高原鼢鼠与植 被相互作用可在某种状态下取得平衡并保持稳定。在地下生物量的组成上，直根和根茎的总量在地下生物量中所占比重保持相对稳定，但在鼠群发展初期，直根所占 比重较小，而根茎所占比重较

正甘肃天然草地资源十分丰富,全省有天然草地1790.42万公顷,其中可利用面积1607.16万公顷。天然草地面积占全国草地面积的4.56%。甘肃草地面积仅次于新疆、内蒙古、青海、西藏、四川,位居全国第六。甘肃天然草地主要分布在甘南高原、祁连山地及省境北部的荒漠、半荒漠沿线一带。这里不仅是少数民族居聚地区,也是甘肃的传统畜牧

This paper deala with the optimal foraging and burrowing of the plateau zokor(Myospalax baileyi)，a typical species of fossor ial rodent distributed on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau，based on the following two hypotheses. H1: If burrowing is optimal，burrowing efficiency would be maximum which means that burrowing a certain length expends a minimal energy． H2：If foraging is optimal foraging benefit to the cost would be maximum． According to the zokor's foraging burrow structure and observed behavioural characteristics associated with foraging by burrowing，a model slightly distinguishing from equation 2 of Vleck (1981)was established for describing the energy cost of foraging by burrowing． E c =K s ·C·(S+L)+(KP·C+Kt／A)·(s ／2+2s·L+L )+5D·g·C·S (a) where E c =energy cost of excavating a segment of foraging burrow，S =segment length (distance between two adjacent laterals or mounds)，L=lateral length，D =burrow depth，C= b 2 p，in which p is soil density in terms of soil mass par unit volume and b the radium of burrow，g=gravitational acceleration， K s =energy coat of shearing l g of soil loose，Kp energy cost of pushing 1 g soil a centimeter， K t =energycost of travelling one centimeter，A =length of a small piece of burrow，when which established the loose soil must be pushed out． Having a complete segment established，the energy benefit of a zokor from soil can be described by the following equation: Ef g = ·b 2 ·S·D e·Ra (b) where Ef g =assimilable energy gained from soil of a segment， De=energy in food available for zokor per unit volume of soil， R．=assimilating rate of food by zokor ． From the two hypotheses，(E c／s)would be minimum (H1)and(Efg／Ec )maximum(H2)．Thus．it could be deduced that segment must meet the following definition： Sopt=[ 2L 2 +2K s·C·L／(K p·C 十K t A) re)] 1/2 Which made H 1 and H2 stand． On the basis of data of burrowing metabolic rate, burrowing rate(burrowing length to the burrowing time), lateral length，burrow radium from 12 individuals，and of soil density，we calculated the mean values: C=61.473g／cm，K s = 1.118J／g， Kp C十Kt／A=2.94 E-1J／cm 2 ，and Sopt=127.4cm which did not differ from the observed segment length of 126.3±47.85cm (t=O.312，P> O.50). This result was baaed on sampies from Kohresia humilis meadow，and showed zokors behave optimally in foraging by burrowing，i．e．foraging and burrowing effieieneies were maximum. The results above suggested that optimalization of oraging and burrowing be synchronous．This was not difficult to understand because both the efficiencies of foraging and burrowing were influenced by segment length in the same means. When segmeut lengthened，the soil in the burrow would be pushed averagely a longer distance and burrow ing rate declined. which resulted in decreases in both burrowing length and foraging benefit within a certain peroid．As segment shortened，more laterals had to be established and the same result as increasing segment length appeared. The trade-off between the two situations above made zokors select a optimal segment neither too short nor too long． It was worthy to note that zokors performed two obvious different patterns in for aging by burrowing. In spring and autumn，foraging occured ata deeper layer of soil， typical burrows and mounds appeared , But in summer，foraging was almost near the ground surface，no burrows and mounds needed to shape excepting cracks on ground surface．Although the optimal foraging by burrowing model was deduced from the first case．it was still fit to the second situation for summer in which L= 0 ，thus S opt = 0 according to equa tion (c)．One could view this case as each point of the surface cracks was "a small mound".

高原鼢鼠(MyospaLax baiLeyi)是青藏高原典型的地下鼠，它主要挖掘取食杂类草之地下根茎， 在挖掘过程中形成取食洞道。本文根据此特点， 建立了挖掘取食过程中能量代价(E )与取食道结构参数(士丘间距s、侧道长L，取食道半径b及涧道深度D)之间以及取食获能Ef g 与S和b之间的两个函数关系。分别以挖掘效率极大和取食效率极大为优化目标，导出同样的结果，即相同曲最佳士丘间距S opt 。通过实验观测， 计算出在矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)草甸生境条件下，最佳士丘间距S opt =127.4米，与野外实洳士丘间距(126.30±47.8 厘米)无显著差异(t=O.312，p>0.50)，表明高原鼢鼠的挖掘及取食行为符合最佳化原则。

The effects of group size and distance to refuge on foraging of plateau pikas ( Ochotona curzonize) under predation risk were examined in the paper. Under predation risk environment vigilance increases significantly at the cost of decreasing feeding. The effect of group size on foraging is complex. In the highest level of risk environment, plateau pikas prefer to feeding near one other pika feeding-site is as close to burrow as possible in response to the predation risk. However in the safe environment they are willing to feeding alone the feeding-site in the environment is more wide than that in the risk environment. The effect of distance to refuge on vigilance is also complex in response to the predation risk. Vigilance increases as the distance to refuge increases it occur mainly within 2 m from refuge, and it does not appear again in the risk environment when feeding far from refuge ( > 3 m) reflecting a tradeoff between the possibility of fly back refuge successfully and the efficiency of early detecting.

研究了捕食风险环境中集群和洞口距离对高原鼠兔摄食行为的影响。结果表明，集群数量的增加不仅降低了警觉行为，同时也减少了摄食行为，在高风险环境中，集群为1 时的取食行为强度最大，低风险环境中，为0 时最大。警觉行为主要出现在距洞口2m 的范围内，其行为强度与洞口距离呈负相关，当洞口距离大于3m 时，风险处理区的高原鼠兔几乎无警觉行为出现，且该处理区的取食区域几乎压缩在洞口旁。研究结果表明，在捕食风险环境中，高原鼠兔摄食行为与集群和洞口距离之间具有复杂的关系，其行为决策反映了降低风险与摄取食物间的权衡，行为目标是在降低捕食风险的同时尽可能地取食食物。

通过在甘南玛曲９００个洞口的实地调查，对高原鼠兔的洞系特征（洞口数量、位置、朝向、格局，洞道结构等）进行了系统研究。结果表明，高原鼠兔不同洞口朝向间的洞口数存在显著差异，其中全阴、半阴、全阳间的差异极显著；洞口直径与洞口朝向无相关性；洞口斜度≤５５°的洞口主要集中在ＳＷ、ＳＥ 和Ｓ３ 个方向，占洞口总数的４８．６％，洞口斜度＞５５°的洞口主要集中在ＮＷ、ＮＥ 和Ｎ３个方向，占洞口总数的５２．１％；Ｓ向和偏Ｓ向的洞口温度显著高于Ｎ 向和偏Ｎ 向的洞口，Ｗ 向和偏Ｗ 向洞口温度普遍高于Ｅ 向和偏Ｅ 向洞口，前者最高温差可达１３．２℃，后者最高温差为６．０℃。由上述可见，高原鼠兔的洞系建筑特点是对高原环境的一种适应性选择，除了常规意义上的栖居和避险等基本功能而外，还兼顾了洞内温度、对流和抵御寒风的利弊权衡。

当前,我国草原鼠害十分严重, 已成为引发草原退化、沙化、水土流失的重要因素,并严重威胁着我国畜牧业可持续发展、草原生物多样性保护、草原生态环境建设以及人民身体健康。文章阐述了 我国草原鼠害的严重性、防治现状与问题,建议:重新审视草原功能定位,全面调整“鼠-畜-草”三者关系;加大对“水源地”、“沙源地”、“疫源地”草原鼠 害的治理力度,遏制生态环境恶化的势头;加大科研投入,全面提升草原鼠害防治水平。

The study was that using population density of plateau zokor（Myospalax baileyi）on behalf of habitat suitability analyzed the correlations between vegetation properties, such as cover, height, aboveground biomass and plant diversity, and five gradients of population densities of plateau zokor. The results of this study showed that all of vegetation property indices had significant correlations with population densities. The vegetation cover and height showed extremely significant linear correlation with population densities, whereas the aboveground biomass and species diversity showed nonlinear correlation (unimodal curve). However, the vegetation height and aboveground biomass were often disturbed by uncertain enviromental factors, but the vegetation cover and species diversity were relatively stable. Therefore, the latter are more accurate in conjecturing the suitability of plateau zoker habitat and predicting the trend of population development.

本研究以鼠群密度代表生境适合度，在高原鼢鼠（Myospalax baileyi）5个密度梯度上对植被盖度、高度、地上生物量和植物多样性等性状指标进行了分析。结果表明，植被性状的各项指标均与鼠群密度存在显著的相关性。其中，植被盖度和高度与高原鼢鼠种群密度表现为极显著线性相关，地上生物量和植物多样性表现为非线性（单峰曲线）相关。植被高度和生物量易受到环境中不确定因素的干扰，而盖度和多样性则相对稳定，因而，后者在用于高原鼢鼠生境适合度推测和种群发展趋势的预测中具有更高的准确性。

This research was carried out in Qinghai province from 1983 to 1985. The main results are as follows.1. The spatial patterns of the zokor and the pika fit the negative binomial and the truncated negative binomial distribution . 2. The assembling intensity of the zokor is higher than the pika. 3. The assembling area of the zokor is 0.75 ha in meadow and 1 ha in shrub, and that of the pika is 0.5 ha. 4. The spatial pattern of the pika shows its random distribution but the zokor's patten still shows the assemb...

本文研究于1983年7—8月,1985年8—10月期间,在中国科学院高寒草甸生态系统定位站进行。应用概率分布的方法研究小哺乳动物的种群空间格局,取得了与实际观察相吻合的结果。这项工作将为定量描述哺乳动物种群数量的空间配置做出尝试。 主要结果为: 1.高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔(以下简称鼢鼠,鼠兔)的空间格局适合负二项分布,截尾负二项分布。 2.鼢鼠在空间的聚集强度高于鼠兔。 3.鼢鼠在高寒草甸和灌丛中的聚块面积分别为0.75公顷和1公顷以上;鼠兔均为0.5公顷。 4.大雪后(低密度鼠兔种群),鼠兔的空间格局呈随机分布,鼢鼠的格局不变,聚集强度均有下降。 5.两种动物空间分布总体上呈正相关,低密度样本与此相同;高密度样本为负相关。

对高原鼢鼠与高原鼠兔在同一栖 息地中的种群数量、领地重叠强度和种间距离的动态变化作了为时３年的观察研究。结果表明，在同一栖境下的一定时期内，高原鼢鼠的种群密度随高原鼠兔种群密 度的增加而下降。与此同时，种间领地重叠强度随高原鼠兔种群密度的增加而增加，种间距离则随高原鼠兔种群密度的增加而缩小。两种鼠在同一生境下的共栖可以 认为是高原鼠兔对高原鼢鼠栖息地选择性迁入的结果。高原鼠兔对高原鼢鼠具有强烈的侵扰性，并可导致高原鼢鼠因竞争失利而被迫外迁，最终在原栖息地消失。因 此，高原鼠兔与高原鼢鼠的共栖只是一个种间竞争过程的外在表象，这一过程大约持续３年时间。