Progress in research on the microbial enhancement of soil fertility in degraded grasslands

Currently, approximately 49% of the world’s grasslands are degraded, which includes both vegetation and soil degradation. With ongoing research and practical advancements, an increasing number of studies have shown that microorganisms play an important role in soil development, formation, bioremediation, and maintenance of ecological balance in grasslands. In this review, we summarize the findings on the influence of soil microbial changes on soil characteristics, the interactions between soil microorganisms and grassland plants, and the improvement of soil fertility following supplementation with exogenous microbial agents. Future studies should focus on the mechanisms underlying the interactions among vegetation, soil, and microorganisms across different grassland types and degraded grasslands; carry out multi-level, multi-angle, and multi-disciplinary integration; and enhance research and development on grassland microbial inoculations, with assessments of the associated mechanisms of action These studies will help provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the green and sustainable development of grassland conservation.