青海海北高寒草地12种植物花期物候对氮磷养分添加的响应

李永慧; 袁学凤; 程蓉; 李宏林; 武学霞; 任飞; 李希来; 李兰平

doi:10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2023-0681

青海海北高寒草地12种植物花期物候对氮磷养分添加的响应

李永慧^{1, 2},
袁学凤^{3, 4},
程蓉^{3, 5},
李宏林¹,
武学霞¹,
任飞^{1, 2},
李希来^{1, 3},
李兰平¹

1.
青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016
2.
青海大学生态环境工程学院, 青海西宁 810016
3.
青海大学农牧学院, 青海西宁 810016
4.
兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 甘肃兰州 730000
5.
新疆农业大学草业学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31960339、42267008)；2021年第一批林业草原生态保护恢复资金自然资源调查监测项目(QHXH-2021-018)；海南州科技局(2023-KZ01-A)；高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(D18013)

摘要:

阐明氮、磷养分供给改变对高寒植物和植物群落花期物候期的影响是研究高寒草地生态系统响应全球变化的重要内容之一。为预测大气氮、磷沉降持续增加下高寒植物花期物候的演变和高寒草地植物群落花期物候格局，本研究在青海省门源县高寒草地采用定株标记法对12种高寒植物在9种不同氮、磷养分添加下的花期物候进行了观测。结果表明：1)氮、磷养分添加对整体花期物候的影响以使始花期提前、花期持续时间延长、终花期无显著变化为主(P > 0.05)；2)不同氮、磷养分添加对高寒植物花期物候的影响基本一致，氮、磷养分添加对高寒植物花期物候无显著交互作用影响(P > 0.05)；3)在物种水平上，不同氮、磷养分添加处理下大部分物种始花期提前、花期持续时间延长，终花期无一致变化趋势。因此，研究区域高寒草地在大气氮、磷沉降持续增加情况下，植物群落始花期倾向于提前、花期持续时间延长、终花期变化不明显；不同物种始花期、花期持续时间变化较为一致，但终花期的响应会出现一定的差异。

关键词:

English

Responses of 12 plant species flowering phenology to nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient additions in alpine grassland of Haibei, Qinghai

LI Yonghui^{1, 2},
YUAN Xuefeng^{3, 4},
CHENG Rong^{3, 5},
LI Honglin¹,
WU Xuexia¹,
REN Fei^{1, 2},
LI Xilai^{1, 3},
LI Lanping¹

1.
State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
2.
College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
3.
College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
4.
College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
5.
College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China

Received Date: 2023-12-07
Accepted Date: 2024-05-07
Available Online: 2024-06-30

Abstract:

Elucidating the effect in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient supply changes on the flowering phenology of alpine plants and plant communities is essential when studying the responses of alpine grassland ecosystems to global change. To predict the evolution and pattern of flowering phenology of alpine plants and plant communities in alpine grassland under the continuous increase of atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition, we observed the flowering phenology of 12 species using the fixed plant marker method under nine different nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient addition treatments in alpine grassland in Menyuan County, Qinghai Province. Results showed that: 1) The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition treatments on the overall flowering phenology of alpine plants was mainly to advance the first flowering date and prolong the flowering duration; however, the end flowering day did not change significantly (P > 0.05). 2) The influence of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on the flowering phenology was consistent with each other. There was no significant interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the flowering phenology of alpine plants (P > 0.05). 3) At the species level, most species are characterized by earlier first flowering date and prolonged flowering duration, while the end flowering day showed no consistent trend. Thus, under the continuous intensification of atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition, the flowering period of the alpine plant community in the study area tends to advance and extend. For different species, although the changes of the first flowering date and flowering duration were relatively consistent, there will be a certain divergence in the response of the end flowering day.

Keywords:

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参考文献

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图 1 高寒植物花期物候对氮、磷养分添加的整体响应

不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0. 05)；CK，对照；N₁，添加氮10 g·m⁻²；N₂，添加氮20 g·m⁻²；P₁，磷加氮5 g·m⁻²；P₂，磷加氮10 g·m⁻²。下图同。

Figure 1. Overall response of flowering phenology of alpine plant to nitrogen and phosphorus additions

Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate a significant differences between different treatments at the 0.05 level. N₁, nitrogen additions 10 g·m⁻²; N₂, nitrogen additions 20 g·m⁻²; P₁, phosphorus additions 5 g·m⁻²; P₁, phosphorus additions 10 g·m⁻². This is applicable for the following figures as well.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 12种高寒植物始花期对不同氮、磷养分添加的响应

横坐标中正值表示与对照相比，始花期推迟，负值表示与对照相比，始花期提前。下图同。

Figure 2. Response of the first flowering date of 12 alpine species to different nitrogen and phosphorus additions

The positive value in the abscissa represents a delayed first flowering date, and the negative value represents an advanced first flowering date. This is applicable for the following figures as well.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 12种高寒植物终花期对不同氮、磷养分添加的响应

Figure 3. Response of the end flowering day of 12 alpine species to different nitrogen and phosphorus additions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 12种高寒植物花期持续时间对不同氮、磷养分添加的响应

Figure 4. Response of the flowering duration of 12 alpine species to different nitrogen and phosphorus additions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 氮、磷养分添加对高寒植物花期物候的整体影响双因素方差分析结果

Table 1 Result of the overall influence of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on flowering phenology of alpine plant based on Two-way ANOVA

处理 Treatment	自由度 df	始花期 First flowering date		终花期 End flowering day		花期持续时间 Flowering duration
处理 Treatment	自由度 df	F	P	F	P	F	P
氮添加(N) Nitrogen treatment	2	0.252	> 0.05	0.608	> 0.05	3.937	< 0.05
磷添加(P) Phosphorus treatment	2	0.417	> 0.05	0.648	> 0.05	9.966	< 0.01
N × P	4	0.006	> 0.05	0.193	> 0.05	1.044	> 0.05

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(32)

[1]	SCHWARTZ M D. Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.
[2]	李兰平. 青藏高原东部高寒草甸植物开花物候研究. 兰州: 兰州大学博士学位论文, 2017. LI L P. The study of flowering phenology of alpine plant on eastern Tibetan Plateau. PhD Thesis. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2017.
[3]	LI L P, LI Z K, CADOTTE W M, JIA P, CHEN G G, JIN S L, DU G Z. Phylogenetic conservatism and climate factors shape flowering phenology in alpine meadows. Oecologia, 2016, 182(2): 419-428. doi: 10.1007/s00442-016-3666-6
[4]	WALTHER G R, POST E, CONVEY P, MENZEL A, PARMESAN C, BEEBEE T J C, FROMENTIN J M, HOEGH-GULDBER O, BAIRLEIN F. Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature, 2002, 416: 389-395. doi: 10.1038/416389a
[5]	CLELAND E E, CHUINE I, MENZEL A, MOONEY A H, SCHWARTZ D M. Shifting plant phenology in response to global change. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2007, 22(7): 357-365. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2007.04.003
[6]	代武君, 金慧颖, 张玉红, 周志强, 刘彤. 植物物候学研究进展. 生态学报, 2020, 40(19): 6705-6719. DAI W J, JIN H Y, ZHANG Y H, ZHOU Z Q, LIU T. Advances in plant phenology. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(19): 6705-6719.
[7]	STERNER R W, ELSER J J. Ecological Stoichiometry: The Biology of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.
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[9]	PAN Y P, LIU B W, CAO J, LIU J, TIAN S L, DU E Z. Enhanced atmospheric phosphorus deposition in Asia and Europe in the past two decades. Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 2021, 14(5): 100051.
[10]	JIANG J, WANG Y P, YANG Y H, YU M X, WANG C, YAN J H. Interactive effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on plant growth vary with ecosystem type. Plant and Soil, 2019, 440(1): 523-537.
[11]	WANG C, TANG Y J. Responses of plant phenology to nitrogen addition: A Meta-analysis. Oikos, 2019, 128(9): 1243-1253. doi: 10.1111/oik.06099
[12]	章志龙, 刘旭东, 贾鹏, 杜国祯. 氮添加对高寒草甸植物花期物候和群落结构的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(5): 728-735. ZHANG Z L, LIU X D, JIA P, DU G Z. Effects of nitrogen addition on flowering phenology, functional traits and community structure of alpine meadow in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(5): 728-735.
[13]	SHERRY R A, ZHOU X H, GU S L, ARNONE J A, SCHIMEL D S, VERBURG P S, WALLACE L L, LUO Y Q. Divergence of reproductive phenology under climate warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 2007, 104(1): 198-202. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0605642104
[14]	刘旭东, 章志龙, 杜国祯. 高寒草甸主要组分种开花物候对氮素添加的响应. 草业科学, 2021, 38(7): 1240-1249. LIU X D, ZHANG Z L, DU G Z. Response of dominant and common species flowering phenology to nitrogen addition in an alpine meadow. Pratacultural Science, 2021, 38(7): 1240-1249.
[15]	SMITH J G, SCONIERS W, SPASOJEVIC M J, ASHTON W A, SUDING K N. Phenological changes in alpine plants in response to increased snowpack, temperature, and nitrogen. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 2012, 44(1): 135-142. doi: 10.1657/1938-4246-44.1.135
[16]	LIU Y Z, MIAO R H, CHEN A Q, MIAO Y, LIU Y J, WU X W. Effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on reproductive phenology of three early-flowering forb species in a Tibetan alpine meadow. Ecological Engineering, 2017, 99: 119-125. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.11.033
[17]	杜国祯, 赵松岭. 草本群落中种多样性维持机制: 花期不同步性. 草业学报, 1997, 6(3): 1-7. DU G Z, ZHAO S L. Mechanism of diversity maintenance in herbaceous plant community: Asynchronism in flowering time. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 1997, 6(3): 1-7.
[18]	FORREST J, MILLER-RUSHING A J. Toward a synthetic understanding of the role of phenology in ecology and evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2010, 365(1555): 3101-3112. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0145
[19]	CLARK C M, CLELAND E E, COLLINS S L, FARGIONE J E, GOUGH L, GROSS K L, PENNINGS S C, SUDING K N, GRACE J B. Environmental and plant community determinants of species loss following nitrogen enrichment. Ecology Letters, 2017, 10(7): 596-607.
[20]	周小龙. 高寒草甸植物群落结构组建和生产力对施肥的响应机制. 兰州: 兰州大学博士学位论文, 2016. ZHOU X L. The effect of fertilization on community assembly and production in alpine meadow community. PhD Thesis. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2016.
[21]	李元恒. 内蒙古典型草原植物生殖物候对气候变化和人为干扰的响应. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学博士学位论文, 2008. LI Y H. Responses of reproductive phenology of Inner Mongolia typical steppe plants under climatic change and artificial interference. PhD Thesis. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2008.
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青海海北高寒草地12种植物花期物候对氮磷养分添加的响应

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Responses of 12 plant species flowering phenology to nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient additions in alpine grassland of Haibei, Qinghai

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