山黧豆还田与氮肥减施对稻田土壤活性有机碳组分及酶活性的影响
为探明绿肥山黧豆(Lathyrus sativus)还田配施氮肥在改良土壤方面的效应，明确合适的绿肥配施氮肥比例，设置2 × 4双因素试验，研究绿肥的不同翻压量[15 000 (M1)、22 500 (M2)、30 000 (M3)、37 500 (M4) kg·hm−2]和氮肥的不同施氮量[常规施氮量的60% (N1)和80% (N2)配比]对土壤活性有机碳库各组分、碳库管理指数和酶活性等指标的影响。结果表明：与常规施肥(CF)处理相比，翻压一定量的绿肥并配施减量氮肥能有效提升稻田总有机碳、活性有机碳、可溶性有机碳、微生物生物量碳含量及碳库管理指数，提升效果随配施比例的不同存在差异，其中M4N1、M4N2处理提升效果最佳。在相同施氮水平下，有机碳各组分含量、碳库管理指数及总体酶活性均呈现出随翻压量增加而增加的趋势。与CF处理相比，翻压绿肥并配施氮肥对稻田土壤过氧化氢酶无显著影响(P > 0.05)，对纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和β-葡萄糖甘酶活性均具有显著影响(P < 0.05)。总体酶活性均表现为M4N2 > M4N1 > M3N1 > M3N2 > M2N1 > M2N2 > M1N1 > M1N2 > CF > CK处理。各有机碳组分之间具有显著(P < 0.05)或极显著(P < 0.01)的相关性，β-葡萄糖甘酶、纤维素酶与土壤活性有机碳各组分均呈正相关关系(P < 0.05)。对土壤活性有机碳组分含量及土壤酶活性影响因素的灰色关联度综合分析结果表明，60%氮肥 + 37 500 kg·hm−2绿肥模式的综合评价效果最好。
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参考文献
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表 1 试验设计
Table 1 Experimental design
kg·hm−2 处理
Treatment施氮水平
Nitrogen application
level紫云英翻压量
Plowed milk
vetch amountCK 0 0 CF 150 (100%) 0 M1N1 90 (60%) 15 000 M2N1 22 500 M3N1 30 000 M4N1 37 500 M1N2 120 (80%) 15 000 M2N2 22 500 M3N2 30 000 M4N2 37 500 
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表 2 不同处理下土壤碳库各组分碳素有效率
Table 2 Different soil carbon component utilization ratios upon different treatments
% 处理
TreatmentAOC有效率
AOC efficiencyDOC有效率
DOC efficiency微生物熵
Microbial quotientCK 12.44 ± 0.57ab 1.11 ± 0.07c 1.79 ± 0.05d CF 12.01 ± 0.12b 1.32 ± 0.04ab 2.11 ± 0.02abc M1N1 11.73 ± 0.32b 1.26 ± 0.02bc 1.64 ± 0.03d M2N1 12.00 ± 0.23b 1.28 ± 0.01ab 2.08 ± 0.02bc M3N1 12.57 ± 0.17ab 1.28 ± 0.02ab 2.09 ± 0.05abc M4N1 13.47 ± 0.60a 1.33 ± 0.03ab 2.20 ± 0.05a M1N2 12.91 ± 0.37ab 1.24 ± 0.08bc 2.03 ± 0.07c M2N2 12.31 ± 0.86ab 1.29 ± 0.09ab 2.12 ± 0.02abc M3N2 13.02 ± 0.40ab 1.35 ± 0.01ab 2.18 ± 0.03ab M4N2 13.49 ± 0.21a 1.41 ± 0.04a 2.18 ± 0.03ab 处理处理参见表1；同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)；下表同。
Treatment for Table 1; Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the treatments at the 0.05 level. This is applicable for the following tables as well.
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表 3 不同处理对土壤碳库管理指数的影响
Table 3 Different treatment effects on the soil carbon management index
处理
Treatment非活性有机碳
NOAC/(g·kg−1)碳库指数
CPI碳库活度
A碳库活度指数
AI碳库管理指数
CMPICK 12.93 ± 0.56e 0.89 ± 0.04e 0.14 ± 0.01ab 0.89 ± 0.05ab 79.34 ± 3.20f CF 15.13 ± 0.07d 1.04 ± 0.01d 0.14 ± 0.00b 0.85 ± 0.01b 88.96 ± 1.56ef M1N1 15.80 ± 0.15cd 1.08 ± 0.01cd 0.13 ± 0.00b 0.83 ± 0.03b 90.14 ± 2.79ef M2N1 16.13 ± 0.12bc 1.11 ± 0.01c 0.14 ± 0.00b 0.85 ± 0.02b 94.70 ± 2.73de M3N1 16.47 ± 0.03bc 1.14 ± 0.00bc 0.14 ± 0.00ab 0.90 ± 0.01ab 102.54 ± 1.64bcd M4N1 17.60 ± 0.56a 1.23 ± 0.03a 0.16 ± 0.01a 0.97 ± 0.05a 119.70 ± 3.64a M1N2 15.10 ± 0.55d 1.05 ± 0.03d 0.15 ± 0.00ab 0.93 ± 0.03ab 97.14 ± 1.48cde M2N2 16.13 ± 0.13bc 1.12 ± 0.01c 0.14 ± 0.01ab 0.88 ± 0.07ab 98.08 ± 8.64cde M3N2 16.27 ± 0.15bc 1.13 ± 0.01bc 0.15 ± 0.01ab 0.94 ± 0.03ab 105.99 ± 3.37bc M4N2 16.90 ± 0.26ab 1.18 ± 0.02ab 0.16 ± 0.00a 0.97 ± 0.02a 115.30 ± 1.63ab NAOC: no active organic carbon; CPI: carbon pool index; A: activity; AI: activity index; CPMI: carbon pool management index.
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表 4 不同处理的土壤酶活性
Table 4 Soil enzyme activities upon different treatments
处理
Treatment纤维素酶
Cellulase/
[mg·(d·g)−1]蔗糖酶
Urease/
[mg·(d·g)−1]过氧化氢酶
Catalase/
[mg·(d·g)−1]β-葡萄糖甘酶
β-glucosidase/
[mg·(d·g)−1]总体酶活性
Total enzyme
activityCK 35.62 ± 0.78b 23.40 ± 1.04f 70.98 ± 0.85a 26.55 ± 0.34d 3.52 ± 0.02f CF 36.00 ± 0.41b 29.03 ± 0.39de 71.37 ± 0.29a 30.37 ± 0.27c 3.84 ± 0.03e M1N1 38.48 ± 0.44a 29.20 ± 0.41de 71.01 ± 0.37a 31.90 ± 1.00abc 3.95 ± 0.06d M2N1 38.43 ± 0.43a 30.73 ± 0.13cd 71.90 ± 0.10a 31.37 ± 0.53abc 4.00 ± 0.02cd M3N1 38.54 ± 0.21a 33.72 ± 0.27ab 71.13 ± 0.07a 31.58 ± 0.64abc 4.09 ± 0.03bc M4N1 38.32 ± 0.68a 35.28 ± 0.33a 71.04 ± 0.28a 32.76 ± 0.49a 4.17 ± 0.02ab M1N2 38.42 ± 0.34a 28.33 ± 1.24e 70.98 ± 0.56a 30.80 ± 0.26bc 3.89 ± 0.04de M2N2 38.68 ± 0.54a 29.55 ± 0.79de 71.57 ± 0.14a 31.39 ± 0.56abc 3.96 ± 0.03d M3N2 38.58 ± 0.10a 32.43 ± 0.43bc 71.68 ± 0.20a 32.47 ± 0.84ab 4.09 ± 0.02bc M4N2 39.97 ± 0.92a 35.13 ± 0.58a 71.28 ± 0.10a 32.80 ± 0.32a 4.22 ± 0.03a
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表 5 土壤有机碳库与酶活性之间的相关分析
Table 5 Pearson’s correlation analysis of the soil organic carbon pool and enzyme activities
指标 Index X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X1 1.000 X2 0.838** 1.000 X3 0.877** 0.815** 1.000 X4 0.848** 0.840* 0.819** 1.000 X5 0.622* 0.573* 0.653** 0.522** 1.000 X6 0.901* 0.858* 0.914** 0.864** 0.624** 1.000 X7 0.252 0.056 0.101 0.219 −0.022 0.164 1.000 X8 0.798** 0.712** 0.743** 0.721** 0.660** 0.751** 0.154 1.000 X1：总有机碳；X2：活性有机碳；X3：可溶性有机碳；X4：微生物生物量碳；X5：纤维素酶；X6：蔗糖酶；X7：过氧化氢酶；X8：β-葡萄糖甘酶。* 表示显著相关(P < 0.05)，** 表示极显著相关(P < 0.01)。
X1: soil total organic carbon；X2: soil active organic carbon；X3: dissolved organic carbon；X4: microbial biomass carbon；X5: cellulase；X6: invertase；X7: peroxidase；X8: β-glucosidase. * indicated significant correlation at the 0.05 level, ** indicated extremely significant correlation at the 0.01 level.
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表 6 不同施肥模式的综合分析
Table 6 Comprehensive analysis of the different fertilization modes
处理
Treatment等权关联度(排序)
Equal relational grade
analysis (Rank)加权关联度(排序)
Weighted relational grade
analysis (Rank)CK 0.5228 (10) 0.5307 (10) CF 0.6040 (8) 0.6142 (8) M1N1 0.6012 (9) 0.6046 (9) M2N1 0.6382 (6) 0.6523 (6) M3N1 0.6660 (4) 0.6784 (4) M4N1 0.7607 (1) 0.7749 (1) M1N2 0.6093 (7) 0.6217 (7) M2N2 0.6460 (5) 0.6619 (5) M3N2 0.6838 (3) 0.6977 (3) M4N2 0.7486 (2) 0.7606 (2)
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