12个燕麦品种在黄土高原沟壑区生产性能及适应性
为筛选适宜黄土高原沟壑区种植的高产、抗倒伏、抗病性强的燕麦(Avena sativa)品种，以国内外引进的12个燕麦品种为试验材料，分析其产量相关性状、倒伏率和病害发生率，并利用灰色关联度分析和聚类分析法进行综合评价。结果表明：12个燕麦品种干草产量为10 800.00～15 233.33 kg·hm−2，平均干草产量13 298.61 kg·hm−2；种子产量为3 095.24～7 857.14 kg·hm−2，平均值5 407.14 kg·hm−2；其中，‘坝燕6号’的倒伏率较低，红叶病和锈病发病率最低，为抗倒伏兼抗病品种。灰色关联度分析结果表明：株高、干草产量、叶茎比在灰色关联评价系统中所占权重最高，是品种选择时的重要指标。采用聚类分析方法将12个燕麦品种划分为3个类群，第Ⅰ类群可作为饲草品种，第Ⅱ类群可作为籽粒型品种，第Ⅲ类群倒伏率及病情指数低，抗逆性好。综合灰色关联度和聚类分析方法，筛选出适宜黄土高原沟壑区种植的产量高、适应性好的饲草型燕麦品种‘加燕2号’，籽粒型燕麦品种‘坝燕6号’和‘美达’。
English
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参考文献
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表 1 供试燕麦品种及来源
Table 1 The oat varieties used in the experiment and their sources
燕麦品种
Oat variety品种来源
Sources of variety皮/裸
Hulled or naked燕王
Yanwang北京正道种业有限公司
Beijing Zhengdao
Seed Industry Co. LTD皮
Hulled美达
Meida皮
Hulled梦龙
Menglong皮
Hulled莫妮卡
Monica皮
Hulled加燕2号
Jiayan No.2青海畜牧兽医科学院
Qinghai Academy of Animal
Husbandry and Veterinary
Sciences皮
Hulled青海甜燕麦
Qinghai sweet oat皮
Hulled青引1号
Qingyin No.1皮
Hulled陇燕3号
Longyan No.3甘肃农业大学
Gansu Agricultural University皮
Hulled定引1号
Dingyin No.1定西市农业科学研究院
Dingxi Academy of Agricultural
Research Science皮
Hulled白燕19号
Baiyan No.19白城市农业科学院
Baicheng Academy of
Agricultural Science皮
Hulled坝燕4号
Bayan No.4河北张家口
Zhangjiakou,
Hebei Province皮
Hulled坝燕6号
Bayan No.6皮
Hulled
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表 2 不同燕麦品种饲草产量的相关性状
Table 2 Forage related yield traits of different oat varieties
品种名称
Variety name鲜草产量
Fresh yield/(kg·hm−2)鲜干比
Fresh dry/%茎重
Stem weight/g叶重
Leaf weight/g叶茎比
Leaf-to-stem ratio燕王 Yanwang 69 166.67 ± 5 140.80a 5.28 ± 0.19a 525.40 ± 102.70a 409.12 ± 97.50ab 0.76 ± 0.05d 美达 Meida 47 166.67 ± 5 856.15bcd 3.82 ± 0.31cd 263.82 ± 69.12b 271.48 ± 42.55b 1.14 ± 0.09a 梦龙 Menglong 60 833.33 ± 7 939.00abc 4.06 ± 0.60bcd 510.50 ± 136.54a 503.48 ± 136.06a 0.98 ± 0.02abc 莫妮卡 Monica 53 000.00 ± 4 090.64abcd 4.81 ± 0.21abc 277.82 ± 32.05b 253.52 ± 30.99b 0.92 ± 0.03bcd 加燕2号 Jiayan No.2 55 000.00 ± 2 221.11abcd 3.73 ± 0.28cd 214.42 ± 17.94b 212.15 ± 16.36b 1.00 ± 0.05abc 青海甜燕麦 Qinghai sweet oat 38 833.33 ± 2 482.16d 3.62 ± 0.17d 290.17 ± 61.53b 280.00 ± 57.40b 0.97 ± 0.06abc 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 58 166.67 ± 6 041.06abc 3.84 ± 0.31bcd 357.67 ± 50.88ab 383.20 ± 78.16ab 1.03 ± 0.07ab 陇燕3号 Longyan No.3 61 833.33 ± 7 695.96abc 4.35 ± 0.19abcd 262.17 ± 30.60b 255.83 ± 35.26b 0.97 ± 0.05abc 定引1号 Dingyin No.1 56 333.33 ± 4 862.56abc 3.87 ± 0.13bcd 301.83 ± 20.26b 231.00 ± 19.35b 0.77 ± 0.04d 白燕19号 Baiyan No.19 45 500.00 ± 6 815.42cd 4.14 ± 0.50bcd 258.90 ± 37.11b 278.48 ± 33.20b 1.11 ± 0.06ab 坝燕4号 Bayan No.4 69 333.33 ± 3 252.35a 4.81 ± 0.40abc 336.73 ± 25.22ab 287.80 ± 50.06b 0.83 ± 0.08cd 坝燕6号 Bayan No.6 63 500.00 ± 5 058.00ab 4.96 ± 0.45ab 306.10 ± 26.77b 329.70 ± 29.45ab 1.09 ± 0.08ab 同列不同小写字母表示不同品种间差异显著(P < 0.05)，下同。
Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences between different varieties at the 0.05 level. This is applicable for the following tables as well.
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表 3 不同燕麦品种的农艺性状
Table 3 Agronomic traits of different oat varieties
品种名称
Variety name株高
Plant
height/cm有效分蘖
Effective
tillers茎粗
Stem diameter/
mm茎节数
Internode
number旗叶长度
Flag leaf
length/cm旗叶宽度
Flag leaf
width/cm燕王 Yanwang 105.83 ± 7.59c 2.17 ± 0.21abc 4.54 ± 0.33ab 4.22 ± 0.16abc 15.33 ± 1.48b 1.63 ± 0.09abc 美达 Meida 110.00 ± 6.55bc 2.48 ± 0.17ab 3.85 ± 0.22b 3.60 ± 0.18ab 15.93 ± 1.87b 1.50 ± 0.06c 梦龙 Menglong 130.50 ± 5.11a 1.75 ± 0.25c 3.81 ± 0.25b 4.33 ± 0.33cd 18.67 ± 0.88ab 1.72 ± 0.04abc 莫妮卡 Monica 114.00 ± 4.37abc 2.33 ± 0.21abc 3.58 ± 0.34b 3.88 ± 0.18abcd 16.00 ± 0.87b 1.50 ± 0.12c 加燕2号 Jiayan No.2 132.00 ± 6.35a 2.47 ± 0.19ab 3.72 ± 0.11b 3.50 ± 0.19d 19.60 ± 2.50ab 1.90 ± 0.18abc 青海甜燕麦 Qinghai sweet oat 125.72 ± 5.80ab 2.45 ± 0.24abc 4.22 ± 0.42ab 4.00 ± 0.26abcd 20.27 ± 2.23ab 1.97 ± 0.18ab 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 126.17 ± 4.90ab 2.33 ± 0.17abc 3.85 ± 0.40b 3.67 ± 0.21bcd 20.90 ± 1.99ab 1.94 ± 0.24abc 陇燕3号 Longyan No.3 129.95 ± 5.14a 2.70 ± 0.33a 3.90 ± 0.30b 4.27 ± 0.31abc 17.73 ± 1.65ab 1.79 ± 0.16abc 定引1号 Dingyin No.1 131.17 ± 7.49a 2.05 ± 0.23abc 4.27 ± 0.78ab 4.38 ± 0.16a 17.00 ± 1.89ab 1.60 ± 0.20abc 白燕19号 Baiyan No.19 105.50 ± 4.31c 2.17 ± 0.18abc 3.37 ± 0.27b 3.60 ± 0.17cd 16.10 ± 1.36b 1.55 ± 0.03bc 坝燕4号 Bayan No.4 117.83 ± 5.13abc 2.37 ± 0.15abc 4.17 ± 0.51ab 4.23 ± 0.16abc 22.60 ± 1.45a 1.69 ± 0.03abc 坝燕6号 Bayan No.6 127.83 ± 6.73ab 1.82 ± 0.20bc 5.23 ± 0.57a 3.92 ± 0.11abcd 18.77 ± 1.08ab 2.02 ± 0.09a
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表 4 不同燕麦品种种子产量相关性状
Table 4 Seed yield related traits of different oat varieties
品种名称
Variety name穗长
Ear
length/cm单株粒数
Grain number
per spike单株粒重
Grain weight
per spike/g种子产量
Seed yield/
(kg·hm−2)千粒重
Thousand seed
weight/g燕王 Yanwang 21.00 ± 1.73bc 77.02 ± 5.59ab 2.25 ± 0.25bcd 6 619.05 ± 454.26ab 29.02 ± 0.25fg 美达 Meida 18.00 ± 1.16c 94.08 ± 5.15a 3.01 ± 0.21a 5 761.91 ± 125.99bc 30.07 ± 0.48ef 梦龙 Menglong 25.00 ± 1.16abc 57.25 ± 5.92bc 1.56 ± 0.20cde 5 619.05 ± 423.25bc 28.65 ± 0.34fg 莫妮卡 Monica 25.33 ± 0.33abc 50.52 ± 3.90c 1.41 ± 0.14e 5 238.10 ± 415.13c 27.20 ± 0.85g 加燕2号 Jiayan No.2 26.67 ± 1.20ab 76.02 ± 3.99ab 2.42 ± 0.22ab 5 666.67 ± 497.16bc 28.37 ± 0.48fg 青海甜燕麦 Qinghai sweet oat 29.00 ± 1.00ab 50.08 ± 4.79c 1.91 ± 0.26bcde 3 809.52 ± 579.31de 39.80 ± 0.43a 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 24.33 ± 0.33abc 56.88 ± 6.37bc 2.08 ± 0.22bcde 5 142.86 ± 824.79c 37.80 ± 1.02b 陇燕3号 Longyan No.3 29.67 ± 2.60a 52.03 ± 4.87c 1.52 ± 0.19de 3 095.24 ± 454.26e 25.42 ± 0.67h 定引1号 Dingyin No.1 25.67 ± 6.44abc 67.35 ± 6.48bc 1.82 ± 0.22bcde 4 409.52 ± 153.27cd 24.87 ± 0.50h 白燕19号 Baiyan No.19 21.67 ± 3.67abc 63.00 ± 7.03bc 2.18 ± 0.24bcde 4 571.43 ± 82.48cd 31.25 ± 0.86de 坝燕4号 Bayan No.4 24.33 ± 0.88abc 65.50 ± 10.93 2.16 ± 0.40bcde 7 857.14 ± 82.48a 35.53 ± 0.56c 坝燕6号 Bayan No.6 27.67 ± 1.20ab 64.62 ± 6.89bc 2.34 ± 0.29abc 7 095.24 ± 47.62a 32.12 ± 0.16d
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表 5 不同燕麦品种倒伏率及病害发生情况
Table 5 Lodging and disease occurrence of different oat varieties
品种名称
Variety name实际倒伏率
Actual lodging
rate/%红叶病 Red-leaf disease 白粉病 Powdery mildew 锈病 Rust disease 发病率
Incidence
rate/%病情指数
Disease
index发病率
Incidence
rate/%病情指数
Disease
index发病率
Incidence
rate/%病情指数
Disease
index燕王 Yanwang 28.88 ± 16.02c 20.87 ± 1.27g 5.56 ± 0.16h 70.33 ± 2.60a 27.61 ± 0.70a 4.00 ± 2.08d 0.00 ± 0.00d 美达 Meida 31.12 ± 16.57c 48.40 ± 1.51b 17.22 ± 0.94b 42.33 ± 1.45b 8.47 ± 0.66d 8.00 ± 1.53d 0.00 ± 0.00d 梦龙 Menglong 100.00 ± 0.00a 35.13 ± 0.93d 14.40 ± 0.44cd 24.83 ± 1.01cd 5.66 ± 0.69e 0.00 ± 0.00d 0.00 ± 0.00d 莫妮卡 Monica 82.50 ± 6.29ab 30.60 ± 1.31e 10.80 ± 0.67ef 30.03 ± 0.90c 5.72 ± 0.52e 0.00 ± 0.00d 0.00 ± 0.00d 加燕2号 Jiayan No.2 79.93 ± 16.14ab 35.40 ± 1.40d 7.62 ± 0.63gh 19.70 ± 1.60d 4.69 ± 0.12e 6.00 ± 2.08d 1.59 ± 0.26d 青海甜燕麦
Qinghai sweet oat81.33 ± 16.38ab 48.30 ± 1.25b 14.80 ± 0.50c 50.13 ± 1.39b 9.82 ± 0.81cd 28.60 ± 1.53b 8.40 ± 1.06c 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 56.00 ± 14.19abc 65.63 ± 1.34a 25.67 ± 0.69a 45.07 ± 9.33b 10.78 ± 1.44bcd 37.00 ± 4.36b 18.38 ± 0.98b 陇燕3号 Longyan No.3 76.00 ± 16.00ab 24.80 ± 1.22f 5.59 ± 0.06h 62.93 ± 1.90a 12.57 ± 0.46b 31.13 ± 2.14b 17.54 ± 1.07b 定引1号 Dingyin No.1 80.00 ± 16.33ab 30.60 ± 0.86e 10.39 ± 0.42ef 50.07 ± 0.87b 10.59 ± 1.12bcd 52.33 ± 5.24a 18.58 ± 0.96b 白燕19号 Baiyan No.19 38.33 ± 15.53bc 28.33 ± 1.00ef 9.71 ± 0.96fg 44.97 ± 1.36b 9.21 ± 0.76d 17.10 ± 4.82c 16.92 ± 0.96b 坝燕4号 Bayan No.4 39.35 ± 13.85bc 42.63 ± 1.00c 12.22 ± 0.81de 15.53 ± 2.44d 12.12 ± 0.90bc 49.40 ± 2.62a 34.99 ± 1.04a 坝燕6号 Bayan No.6 15.00 ± 7.19c 20.70 ± 1.51g 12.10 ± 1.51e 40.90 ± 1.16b 12.47 ± 0.96bc 0.00 ± 0.00d 0.00 ± 0.00d
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表 6 燕麦各性状关联度分析
Table 6 Correlation degrees of various traits in oat
品种名称
Variety
name干草产量
Hay
yield叶茎比
Leaf-to-stem
ratio有效分蘖
Effective
tillers株高
Plant
height千粒重
Thousand seed
weight单株粒数
Grain number
per spike单株粒重
Grain weight
per spike种子产量
Seed
yield倒伏率
Lodging
rate红叶病
Red-leaf
disease白粉病
Powdery
mildew锈病
Rust
disease加权关联度
Weighted
correlation
degree排序
Ranking燕王
Yanwang0.987 0.970 0.982 0.982 0.975 0.983 0.977 0.985 0.919 1.000 0.683 0.913 0.949 4 美达
Meida0.981 1.000 0.992 0.984 0.977 1.000 1.000 0.975 0.907 0.834 0.929 0.913 0.961 3 梦龙
Menglong1.000 0.987 0.968 0.999 0.974 0.964 0.956 0.974 0.650 0.869 0.981 0.913 0.942 6 莫妮卡
Monica0.974 0.982 0.987 0.987 0.971 0.958 0.952 0.969 0.700 0.918 0.980 0.913 0.945 5 加燕2号
Jiayan No.20.998 0.989 0.992 1.000 0.973 0.982 0.982 0.974 0.708 0.966 1.000 1.000 0.967 1 青海甜燕麦
Qinghai sweet oat0.973 0.986 0.991 0.996 1.000 0.957 0.966 0.953 0.704 0.863 0.906 0.710 0.926 8 青引1号
Qingyin No.10.999 0.991 0.987 0.996 0.995 0.964 0.971 0.968 0.794 0.744 0.890 0.499 0.912 12 陇燕3号
Longyan No.30.993 0.987 1.000 0.999 0.967 0.959 0.955 0.945 0.721 1.000 0.862 0.512 0.920 9 定引1号
Dingyin No.10.996 0.970 0.978 0.999 0.966 0.974 0.964 0.960 0.708 0.924 0.893 0.496 0.915 11 白燕19号
Baiyan No.190.973 0.998 0.982 0.981 0.980 0.970 0.974 0.962 0.871 0.934 0.916 0.521 0.932 7 坝燕4号
Bayan No.40.997 0.975 0.989 0.990 0.990 0.972 0.974 1.000 0.866 0.898 0.869 0.333 0.919 10 坝燕6号
Bayan No.60.986 0.996 0.970 0.997 0.982 0.971 0.979 0.991 1.000 0.899 0.864 0.913 0.964 2 关联度
Relevancy0.988 0.986 0.985 0.992 0.979 0.971 0.971 0.971 0.796 0.904 0.898 0.720 权重系数
Weight coefficient0.089 0.088 0.088 0.089 0.088 0.087 0.087 0.087 0.071 0.081 0.080 0.065 排名
Ranking2 3 4 1 5 7 8 6 11 9 10 12
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表 7 不同燕麦品种类群划分
Table 7 Classification of different oat varieties
性状
Trait类群 Ⅰ Group Ⅰ 类群 Ⅱ Group Ⅱ 类群 Ⅲ Group Ⅲ 平均值
Average变异系数(CV)
Coefficent of
variation/%平均值
Average变异系数(CV)
Coefficent of
variation/%平均值
Average变异系数(CV)
Coefficent of
variation/%干草产量 Hay yield 14 803.33 2.59 13 233.34 7.18 10 877.78 0.80 叶茎比 Leaf-to-stem ratio 0.95 9.90 0.95 17.08 1.00 8.09 有效分蘖 Effective tillers 2.26 14.63 2.21 11.36 2.32 4.95 株高 Plant height 129.96 1.55 115.37 7.27 115.07 7.20 千粒重 Thousand seed weight 29.03 16.00 31.69 7.84 32.75 16.04 单株粒数 Grain number per spike 61.91 13.96 75.31 15.79 54.53 10.98 单株粒重 Grain weight per spike 1.88 17.92 2.44 13.74 1.83 17.40 种子产量 Seed yield 4 786.67 20.03 6 833.34 11.12 4 539.68 12.86 倒伏率 Lodging rate 78.39 17.85 28.59 30.64 67.39 30.50 红叶病病情指数 Red-leaf disease 12.73 55.84 11.78 35.16 11.77 18.59 白粉病病情指数 Powdery mildew 8.86 35.00 15.17 48.48 8.25 21.89 锈病病情指数 Rust disease 11.22 76.06 8.75 173.21 8.44 81.84
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