灌溉、磷肥及AM真菌互作对紫花苜蓿地土壤养分的影响
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参考文献
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图 1 不同处理对土壤全钾和全氮含量的影响
QI，定额灌溉；RDI，调亏灌溉；P0、P1、P2和P3表示施磷量分别为0、60、120和180 kg·hm−2；–AM为土壤灭AM真菌处理。不同大写字母表示同一菌根真菌处理在调亏灌溉和不同磷梯度间差异显著(P < 0.05)，不同小写字母表示同一菌根真菌处理在定额灌溉下不同磷梯度间差异显著(P < 0.05)，不同灌溉处理和真菌处理不做比较，由配对T检验完成)。下图同。
Figure 1. Effects of different treatments on the content of total kalium and nitrogen in the soil
QI, quota irrigation; RDI, regulated deficit irrigation; P0, P1, P2, and P3 indicate the phosphorus application rates were 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg·hm−2; –AM and AM refer to the different AM treatments indicate the absence or presence of AM fungi in soil, respectively. different capital letters indicate significant difference with same mycorrhizal fungal treatment under regulated deficit irrigation and different phosphorus gradients, and different lowercase letters indicate significant difference with same mycorrhizal fungal treatment under quota irrigation and different phosphorus gradients (different irrigation and fungal treatments were not compared, and are completed by paired T-tests). this is applicable for the following figures as well .
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图 2 不同处理对土壤全磷和根际土壤全磷含量的影响
Figure 2. Effects of different treatments on the content of total phosphorus in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil
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图 3 不同处理对土壤速效钾和有效磷及根际土壤有效磷含量的影响
Figure 3. Effects of different treatments on the content of available potassium, available phosphorus and in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil
表 1 定额和调亏灌溉的实际灌溉量
Table 1 Irrigation amount under the two methods
序号
No.时间
Time/
(MM-DD)调亏灌溉
Regulated deficit
irrigation/m3定额灌溉
Quota
irrigation/m31 05-11 47 66 2 05-20 80 114 3 06-03 77 107 4 06-22 89 131 5 07-07 50 72 6 07-22 44 63 7 08-19 66 95 8 09-15 88 125 合计 Total 541 773 
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表 2 不同处理下土壤全钾和土壤全氮方差分析
Table 2 Variance analysis of soil total potassium and soil nitrogen under different treatments
项目
Itemdf 土壤全钾 Soil total potassium 土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen 0－20 cm 20－40 cm 40－60 cm 0－20 cm 20－40 cm 40－60 cm F P F P F P F P F P F P 区组 Block 3 1.077 0.305 1.355 0.250 0.242 0.625 1.443 0.236 0.828 0.367 0.829 0.367 灌溉 Irrigation (I) 1 5.970 0.018 4.227 0.045 4.174 0.047 0.109 0.743 3.087 0.085 0.017 0.895 磷肥 Phosphate fertilizer (P) 3 1.227 0.311 0.412 0.745 0.365 0.779 0.806 0.497 2.040 0.121 0.236 0.871 丛枝菌根真菌
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (A)1 0.010 0.921 0.128 0.722 0.248 0.621 0.012 0.912 2.180 0.146 0.205 0.653 I × P 3 0.761 0.522 0.449 0.719 0.142 0.934 0.212 0.887 1.339 0.273 0.916 0.440 I × A 1 0.278 0.601 3.604 0.064 0.076 0.783 0.025 0.876 3.956 0.053 0.050 0.823 P × A 3 0.980 0.410 0.522 0.669 0.413 0.745 0.294 0.830 0.583 0.629 0.584 0.628 I × P × A 3 0.266 0.850 0.592 0.623 0.088 0.966 0.253 0.859 0.277 0.842 0.643 0.591
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表 3 不同处理下土壤全磷和根际土壤全磷方差分析
Table 3 Variance analysis of soil total phosphorus and rhizosphere soil total phosphorus under different treatments
项目
Itemdf 土壤全磷
Soil total phosphorus根际土壤全磷
Total phosphorus in rhizosphere soil0－20 cm 20－40 cm 40－60 cm 0－20 cm 20－40 cm 40－60 cm F P F P F P F P F P F P 区组 Block 3 0.027 0.871 0.929 0.400 0.514 0.280 0.929 0.340 2.291 0.137 0.125 0.725 灌溉 Irrigation (I) 1 4.743 0.034 6.216 0.016 4.425 0.041 0.083 0.775 0.084 0.773 0.373 0.544 磷肥 Phosphate fertilizer (P) 3 8.514 < 0.000 1 5.831 0.002 2.717 0.055 32.258 < 0.000 1 6.022 0.001 2.014 0.125 丛枝菌根真菌
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (A)1 0.268 0.607 1.108 0.298 0.203 0.654 0.021 0.886 0.383 0.539 0.776 0.383 I × P 3 4.503 0.007 0.061 0.980 0.230 0.875 4.580 0.007 0.527 0.666 0.124 0.945 I × A 1 3.682 0.061 0.328 0.570 1.729 0.195 2.537 0.118 0.400 0.530 1.915 0.173 P ×A 3 5.231 0.003 0.596 0.621 0.836 0.481 3.061 0.037 0.734 0.537 0.177 0.912 I × P × A 3 0.721 0.545 0.672 0.573 1.336 0.274 1.301 0.285 2.526 0.069 0.247 0.863
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表 4 不同处理下土壤速效钾、土壤有效磷和根际土壤有效磷方差分析
Table 4 Analysis of variance of soil available potassium, soil available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil under different treatments
项目
Itemdf 土壤速效钾 Soil available potassium 0－20 cm 20－40 cm 40－60 cm F P F P F P 区组 Block 3 0.169 0.069 2.264 0.139 0.059 0.809 灌溉 Irrigation (I) 1 4.026 0.051 1.493 0.228 0.040 0.842 磷肥 Phosphate fertilizer (P) 3 2.756 0.053 3.310 0.028 20.573 < 0.000 1 丛枝菌根真菌
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (A)1 10.160 0.003 0.031 0.862 0.127 0.723
I × P3 0.315 0.815 0.068 0.977 7.244 < 0.000 1 I × A 1 1.055 0.310 0.044 0.836 9.369 0.004 P × A 3 3.187 0.032 0.300 0.825 0.641 0.592 I × P × A 3 0.270 0.847 0.046 0.987 2.374 0.082 项目
Itemdf 土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus 0－20 cm 20－40 cm 40－60 cm F P F P F P 区组 Block 3 0.509 0.290 0.038 0.846 1.888 0.176 灌溉 Irrigation (I) 1 57.643 < 0.000 1 38.081 < 0.000 1 62.582 < 0.000 1 磷肥 Phosphate fertilizer (P) 3 391.834 < 0.000 1 509.828 < 0.000 1 159.614 < 0.000 1 丛枝菌根真菌
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (A)1 92.344 < 0.000 1 21.501 < 0.000 1 15.752 < 0.000 1 I × P 3 2.031 0.122 4.068 0.012 2.222 0.098 I × A 1 12.075 0.001 6.701 0.013 2.242 0.141 P × A 3 8.748 < 0.000 1 0.496 0.687 0.854 0.472 I × P × A 3 2.008 0.126 0.092 0.964 0.333 0.801 项目
Itemdf 根际土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus in rhizosphere 0－20 cm 20－40 cm 40－60 cm F P F P F P 区组 Block 3 2.414 0.127 0.170 0.682 0.804 0.374 灌溉 Irrigation (I) 1 270.147 < 0.000 1 53.323 < 0.000 1 65.586 < 0.000 1 磷肥 Phosphate fertilizer (P) 3 683.734 < 0.000 1 448.780 < 0.000 1 92.372 < 0.000 1 丛枝菌根真菌
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (A)1 264.592 < 0.000 1 5.279 0.026 14.875 < 0.000 1 I × P 3 5.336 0.003 2.079 0.116 3.125 0.035 I × A 1 74.654 < 0.000 1 1.085 0.303 0.454 0.504 P × A 3 20.391 < 0.000 1 0.349 0.790 3.000 0.040 I × P × A 3 12.273 < 0.000 1 0.850 0.474 1.340 0.273
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表 5 不同处理下各指标相关性分析
Table 5 Correlation analysis of each index under different treatments
指标
Index土壤全钾
Soil total
kalium土壤全氮
Soil total
nitrogen土壤全磷
Soil total
phosphorus根际土壤全磷
Soil total phosphorus
in rhizosphere土壤速效钾
Soil available
kalium土壤有效磷
Soil available
phosphorus土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen −0.091 土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus 0.350** −0.124 根际土壤全磷
Soil total phosphorus in rhizosphere0.337** −0.111 0.915** 土壤速效钾 Soil available kalium 0.397** 0.013 0.702** 0.664** 土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus 0.237** 0.033 0.507** 0.488** 0.482** 根际土壤有效磷
Soil available phosphorus in rhizosphere0.224** 0.042 0.549** 0.516** 0.482** 0.955**
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表 6 不同处理下各指标综合评价
Table 6 Comprehensive evaluation of each index under different treatments
处理
Treatment土壤全氮
Soil total
nitrogen土壤全磷
Soil total
phosphorus根际土壤
全磷
Soil total
phosphorus in
rhizosphere土壤全钾
Soil total
kalium有效磷
Soil available
phosphorus根际
有效磷
Soil available
phosphorus in
rhizosphere速效钾
Soil available
kalium平均
Mean排名
RankRDI + P0 + (−AM) 0.33 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.124 ⅩⅥ RDI + P1 + (−AM) 0.00 0.35 0.67 0.29 0.14 0.14 0.51 0.315 Ⅻ RDI + P2 + (−AM) 0.45 0.76 0.77 0.71 0.41 0.36 1.00 0.654 Ⅳ RDI + P3 + (−AM) 0.20 0.26 0.24 0.50 0.69 0.60 0.95 0.508 Ⅶ RDI + P0 + (AM) 1.00 0.45 0.24 0.39 0.02 0.03 0.12 0.256 ⅩⅢ RDI + P1 + (AM) 0.24 0.83 0.60 0.57 0.21 0.20 0.30 0.448 Ⅹ RDI + P2 + (AM) 0.51 0.74 1.00 0.82 0.50 0.42 0.62 0.748 Ⅱ RDI + P3 + (AM) 0.44 0.01 0.25 0.47 0.78 0.70 0.23 0.529 Ⅵ QI + P0 + (−AM) 0.24 0.33 0.38 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.27 0.213 ⅩⅣ QI + P1 + (−AM) 0.43 0.53 0.64 0.11 0.21 0.27 0.16 0.378 Ⅺ QI + P2 + (−AM) 0.81 1.00 0.82 0.29 0.51 0.50 0.53 0.663 Ⅲ QI + P3 + (−AM) 0.49 0.76 0.20 0.05 0.77 0.69 0.43 0.486 Ⅷ QI + P0 + (AM) 0.22 0.46 0.34 0.00 0.14 0.16 0.10 0.191 ⅩⅤ QI + P1 + (AM) 0.36 0.63 0.49 0.36 0.39 0.36 0.27 0.452 Ⅸ QI + P2 + (AM) 0.98 0.80 0.73 0.58 0.69 0.68 0.56 0.829 Ⅰ QI + P3 + (AM) 0.47 0.51 0.41 0.24 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.599 Ⅴ
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