草地植被生产力模拟及其影响因素
English
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参考文献
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图 1 CENTURY模型结构
虚线方框表示模型以及子模型的组成模块，箭头表示模拟流程。
Figure 1. Structure of the CENTURY model
The boxes represent the component modules of the model and sub-model, and the arrows represent the simulation process
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图 2 Biome-BGC模型结构
绿色的虚线方框表示模型以及子模型的组成模块，蓝色方框表示土壤和植被的生态过程，蓝色圆框表示植物器官以及生态系统组成部分，箭头表示组分之间的相互作用。
Figure 2. Structure of the Biome-BGC model
The green boxes represent the component modules of the model and sub-model. The blue boxes represent the ecological processes of soil and vegetation. The blue circle boxes represent plant organs and ecosystem components, and the arrows represent the interactions between components.
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图 3 DNDC模型结构
虚线方框表示模型以及子模型的组成模块，实线方框表示模型的关键参数和过程，箭头表示模拟流程。
Figure 3. Structure of the DNDC model
The dotted line boxes represent the component modules of the model and sub-models. The solid line box represents the key parameters and processes of the model, and the arrows represent the simulation process.
表 1 不同统计模型的比较
Table 1 Comparison of different statistical models
模型
Model模型内容
Content of model参考文献
ReferenceMiami $NPP=\dfrac{3\;000}{1 + {{\rm{e}}}^{\left (1.315-0.119T\right)} } $
$NPP=3\;000\left (1-{{\rm{e}}}^{-0.000\;664P}\right) $[34] Thornthwaite Memoria $NP{P}_{E}=3\;000\left [1-{ {\rm{e} } }^{-0.000\;969\;5\left (E-20\right)}\right]$
$E= \dfrac{1.05P}{\sqrt{1 + \left (1 + 1.05P∕L\right)} } $
$L=3\;000 + 25T + 0.05T^{3}$[35] Chikugo $NPP=0.29{{\rm{e}}}^{-0.216RD{I}^{2} } \times{R}_{n}$
$RDI={R}_{n}/(l\times P)$[36] IOCSG $NPP={L}^{2}\left (K\right)\times \dfrac{0.1\times \displaystyle\sum \theta \times \left[{K}^{6} + L\left (K\right){K}^{3} + {L}^{2}\left (K\right)\right]}{\left [{K}^{6} + {L}^{2}\left (K\right)\right]\times \left [{K}^{5} + L\left (K\right){K}^{2}\right]}\times {e}^{-\sqrt{13.55 + 3. 17{K}^{-1}-0.16{K}^{-2} + 0.003\;2{K}^{-3} } }$
$L\left (K\right)=0.588\;02{K}^{3} + 0.506\;98{K}^{2}-0.025\;708\;1K + 0.000\;516\;387\;4$[37] $ T $表示温度，$ P $表示降水，$ E $表示实际蒸散量，$ L $表示最大蒸散量，$ RDI $表示辐射干燥度指数，$ {R}_{n} $表示净辐射量，$ l $表示蒸发潜热，$ \displaystyle\sum \theta $表示积温，$ K $表示湿度。
$ T $, temperature; $ P $, precipitation; $ E $, actual evapotranspiration; $ L $, maximum evapotranspiration; $ RDI $, radiation dryness index; $ {R}_{n} $, net radiation; $ l $, latent heat of evaporation; $ \displaystyle\sum \theta $, accumulated temperature; $ K $, humidity.
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表 2 不同光合辐射模型的比较
Table 2 Comparison of different models of photosynthetic radiation
模型
Model输入参数
Input parameter时间分辨率
Temporal resolution参考文献
ReferenceCASA $ {R}_{a} $，$ APAR $，$ T $，$ E $，$ L $ 月 Month [41] VPM $ {R}_{a} $，$ APAR $，$ \varepsilon $，$ {T}_{s} $，$ {W}_{s} $，$ {L}_{s} $ 月 Month [42] GLO-PEM $ {R}_{a} $，$ APAR $，$ T $，$ SW $，$ {V}_{c} $，$ {R}_{s} $，$ T $，$ P $ 10 d [43] C-Fix $ T $，${F}_{ {{\rm{CO}}}_{2} }$，$ APAR $，$ SW $，$ {E}_{r} $ 10 d [44] TURC $ {R}_{a} $，$ APAR $，$ {V}_{c} $，$ T $ 月 Month [45] BEAMS $ T $，$ W $，$ APAR $，$ SW $ 月 Month [46] $ {R}_{a} $表示太阳辐射，$ APAR $表示植物对入射光合有效辐射的吸收比例，T表示温度，P表示降水，E表示实际蒸散量，L表示潜在蒸散量，$ \varepsilon $表示最大光能利用率，$ {T}_{s} $表示温度胁迫，$ {W}_{s} $表示水分胁迫，$ {L}_{s} $表示叶片物候胁迫，$ SW $表示土壤含水量，$ {V}_{c} $表示植被碳含量，$ {R}_{s} $表示地表反射率，$ {E}_{r} $表示蒸发率，$ {F}_{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}} $表示二氧化碳施肥效应因子，W表示相对湿度。
$ {R}_{a} $, solar radiation; $ APAR $, absorbed photosynthetically active radiation; T, temperature; P, precipitation; E, actual evapotranspiration; L, maximum evapotranspiration; $ \varepsilon $, efficiency for solar energy utilization; $ {T}_{s} $, temperature stress; $ {W}_{s} $, water stress; $ {L}_{s} $, leaf phenological stress; $ SW $, soil water; $ {V}_{c} $, vegetation carbon; $ {R}_{s} $, surface reflectance; $ {E}_{r} $, evaporation rate; $ {F}_{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}} $, $ {{\rm{CO}}}_{2} $ fertilization effector; W, relative humidity.
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表 3 不同过程模型的比较
Table 3 Comparison of different process models
模型
Model输入参数
Input parameter时间分辨率
Temporal resolution来源
ReferenceBIOME-BGC $ {R}_{a} $，$ LAI $，T，$ SW $，$ {V}_{p} $，$ {Leaf}_{N} $，$F_{{\rm{CO}}_{2}} $，$ {V}_{c} $ 日 Day [51] CENTURY $ {V}_{c} $，T，$ SW $，P，$ \, L $，${S} {o}{i}{l}_{s}$ 月 Month [52] DNDC Biomass $ C/N $ ratio，Biomass fraction，$ \, T $，$ \, P $，${S} {o}{il}_{t}$，$ {N}_{fix} $ 日 Day [53] TEM $ {R}_{a} $，$ \, T $，$ \, E $，$ \, L $， $F_{{\rm{CO}}_{2}} $，$ {V}_{c} $ 日 Day [54] CEVSA $ LAI $，$ {G}_{s} $，Biomass $ C/N $ ratio，$ SW $，Litter 日 Day [55] $ {R}_{a} $表示太阳辐射，T表示温度，P表示降水，E表示实际蒸散量，L表示潜在蒸散量，$ SW $表示土壤含水量，$ {V}_{c} $表示植被碳含量，$ {R}_{s} $表示地表反射率，$ {E}_{r} $表示蒸发率，${F}_{ {{\rm{CO}}}_{2} }$表示二氧化碳施肥效应因子， $ LAI $表示叶面积指数，$ {V}_{p} $表示蒸气压差，$ {Leaf}_{N} $表示叶片氮含量，${S oil}_{s}$表示土壤无机硫，$ {G}_{s} $表示气孔导度，${S oil}_{t}$表示土壤质地，$ {N}_{fix} $表示固氮系数，Biomass C/N ratio表示生物量碳氮比，Biomass fraction表示生物器官比，Litter表示凋落物。。
$ {R}_{a} $, solar radiation; T, temperature; P, precipitation; E, actual evapotranspiration; L, maximum evapotranspiration; $ SW $, soil water; $ {V}_{c} $, vegetation carbon; $ {R}_{s} $, surface reflectance; $ {E}_{r} $, evaporation rate; ${F}_{ {{\rm{CO}}}_{2} }$, ${ {\rm{CO} } }_{2}$ fertilization effector; $ {V}_{p} $, vapor pressure difference; $ {Leaf}_{N} $, leaf nitrogen content; ${S oil}_{s}$, soil inorganic sulfur; ${S oil}_{t}$, soil texture; $ {N}_{fix} $, N fixation index; $ LAI $, leaf area index; $ {G}_{s} $, stomatal conductance; Biomass C/N ratio, ratio of C/N of the plant，Biomass fraction, proportion of an organ’s biomass in the total biomass; Litter, litter of the plant.
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