刈割对一年生短生草雀麦生长和繁殖的影响

严佳玥; 张博; 魏岩

doi:10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2022-0631

刈割对一年生短生草雀麦生长和繁殖的影响

新疆农业大学草业学院 / 新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室 / 西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

基金项目: 国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS34)；国家自然科学基金(31560113)

摘要: 雀麦(Bromus japonicas )为一年生短生草，是准噶尔荒漠早春优质牧草。对雀麦自然种群物候进行观测，在拔节期设置两个刈割高度，分别为2.5 cm (矮，S)和7.6 cm (高，T)，研究不同刈割强度对雀麦植物生长和繁殖的影响。结果表明：1)刈割降低了植株高度、旗叶长度、生物量和总生物量；T处理和S处理植株的高度分别比对照降低了28.2%和40.1%，生物量比对照降低了29.9%和60.6%。2)刈割显著降低了雀麦果穗的长度、小穂的数目、果实数目和果实的重量；随着刈割强度的增加，雀麦果穗的长度、果实数目和果实重量显著降低；T处理和S处理果穗的长度分别比对照降低了29.1%和41.6%、果实数目分别降低了54.5%和71.7%。3)刈割后雀麦的果实重、果实数目、生物量和总生物量的补偿指数均显著小于1，补偿生长模式为不足补偿；S处理的补偿生长能力显著小于T处理。研究结果对于揭示短命植物的补偿生长模式以及雀麦资源的合理利用提供科学数据。

关键词:

雀麦 /
刈割 /
短命植物 /
生物量 /
种子输出

English

Effects of defoliation on growth and reproduction in the short-lived annual plant Bromus japonicas

College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University / Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology / Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Urmqi 830052, Xinjiang, China

Received Date: 2022-08-07
Accepted Date: 2023-02-21
Available Online: 2023-04-12
Publish Date: 2023-05-14

Abstract: Bromus japonicas is a high-quality forage grass that is typically short-lived and found in the Junggar desert in early spring. This study involved phenological observations based on natural populations. Experimental treatments involved plant clippings at two heights, 2.5 cm (short, S) and 7.6 cm (tall, T) at the jointing stage to study the effects of different defoliation intensities on the growth and reproduction of B. japonicas. The results showed: 1) Clipping had decreased the height, length of flag leaf, biomass and total biomass of the plants. Compared with the control, the plant height of T and S treatments decreased by 28.2% and 40.1%, and the biomass decreased by 29.9% and 60.6%, respectively. 2) Defoliation significantly reduced the fruit ear length, number of spikelets, number of fruits and weight of fruits. With the increase of clipping intensity, the length of spikelet, number of fruits and fruit weight decreased significantly. The length of fruit ear in T and S treatments compared to the control were reduced by 29.1% and 41.6%, and the number of fruits was reduced by 54.5% and 71.7%, respectively. 3) The compensation index of fruit weight, fruit number, biomass and total biomass after clipping was significantly less than 1, and the compensation growth pattern of B. japonicas was inadequate. The compensatory growth ability of S treatment was significantly lower than that of T treatment. The results provided scientific basis for revealing the compensatory growth pattern of short-lived plants and rational utilization of brome resources.

Keywords:

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参考文献

[1]	BALSKY A J. Dose herbivory benefit plants? A review of the evidence. American Naturalist, 1986, 127: 870-892.
[2]	杨允菲, 祝廷成. 羊草种群种子生产的初步研究. 植物生态学与地植物学学报, 1989, 13(1): 73-78. YANG Y F, ZHU T C. A preliminary study of seed production of Aneurolepidium chinense population. Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica, 1989, 13(1): 73-78.
[3]	张晓娜, 哈达朝鲁, 潘庆民. 刈割干扰下内蒙古草原两种丛生禾草繁殖策略的适应性调节. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(3): 253-262. doi: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.002 ZHANG X N, Hadachaolu, PAN Q M. Adaptive regulation in reproductive strategy of two bunchgrasses under mowing disturbance in Inner Mongolia grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(3): 253-262. doi: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.002
[4]	KENNETT G A, LACEY J R, BUTT C A, OLSONRUTZ K M, HAFERKAMP M R. Effects of defoliation shading and competition spotted knapweed and bluebunch wheatgrass. Journal of Range Management, 1992, 45(4): 363-369. doi: 10.2307/4003084
[5]	KHAIR M J, SHATNAWI E L, GHOSHEH H, SHANNAG H, KHALIL I E. Defoliation time and intensity of wall barley in the Mediterranean rangeland. Journal of Range Management, 1999, 52(3): 258-262. doi: 10.2307/4003688
[6]	雷抒情, 汪海洋, 杜国帧, 潘声旺. 刈割后两种不同体型植物的补偿式样对比研究. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(5): 740-747. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2005.05.006 LEI S Q, WANG H Y, DU G Z, PAN S W. Compensatory growth responses of two plants with different growth forms after clipping. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(5): 740-747. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2005.05.006
[7]	鲍雅静, 李政海, 仲延凯, 杨持. 不同频次刈割对内蒙古羊草草原群落能量固定与分配规律的影响. 草业学报, 2004, 13(5): 46-52. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-5759.2004.05.008 BAO Y J, LI Z H, ZHONG Y K, YANG C. The effects of different frequency mowing on energy fixation and allocation of Leymus chinensis steppe community in Xilinguole, NeiMonggol. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2004, 13(5): 46-52. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-5759.2004.05.008
[8]	中华人民共和国农业部畜牧兽医司, 全国畜牧兽医总站. 中国草地资源. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1996. Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, National Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station. Grassland Resources in China. Beijing: Science and Technology Press of China, 1996.
[9]	毛祖美. 早春短命植物区系特点. 干旱区研究, 1992, 9(1): 11-12. doi: 10.13866/j.azr.1992.01.004 MAO Z M. Floristic characteristics of early spring ephemeral. Arid Zone Research, 1992, 9(1): 11-12. doi: 10.13866/j.azr.1992.01.004
[10]	胡汝骥. 中国天山自然地理. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2004. HU R J. Physical Geography of Tianshan Mountains in China. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press. 2004.
[11]	HEMPY-MAYER K, PYKE D A. Defoliation effects on Bromus tectorum seed production: Implications for grazing. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 2008, 61(1): 116-123.
[12]	王海洋, 杜国帧, 任金吉. 种群密度和施肥对垂穗披碱草刈割后补偿作用的影响. 植物生态学报, 2003, 27(4): 477-483. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2003.04.008 WANG H Y, DU G Z, REN J J. The impacts of population density and fertilization on compensatory responses of Elymus nutans to mowing. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2003, 27(4): 477-483. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2003.04.008
[13]	SILVERTOWN J, CHARLESWORTH D. Introduction to Plant Population Biology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2001.
[14]	CHEN X D, ZHAO B, CHEN L, WANG R, JI C H. Defoliation enhances green forage performance but inhibits grainy yield in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Experimental Agriculture, 2016, 52(3): 391-404. doi: 10.1017/S0014479715000162
[15]	SEYMOUR M, ENGLAND J M, MALIK R, ROGERS D, SUTHERLAND A, RANDELL A. Effect of timing and height of defoliation on the grainy yield of barley, wheat, oats and canola in western Australia. Crop & Pasture Science, 2015, 66: 287-300.
[16]	廖伟彪, 南志标, 张美玲. 刈割对禾草生长的影响. 中国草地学报, 2008, 30(5): 95-105. LIAO W B, NAN Z B, ZHANG M L. Effects of cutting on grass growth. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2008, 30(5): 95-105.
[17]	KING D, ROUGHGARDEN J. Energy allocation patterns of the California grassland annuals Plantago erecta and Clarkia rubicunda. Ecology, 1983, 64: 16-24. doi: 10.2307/1937324
[18]	THOMPSON B K, WEINER J, WARWICK S I. Size-dependent reproductive output in agricultural weeds. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1991, 69: 442-446. doi: 10.1139/b91-061
[19]	SUSKO D J, LOVETT-DOUST L. Plant-size and fruit-position effects on reproductive allocation in Alliaria petiolate (Brassicaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 2000, 78: 1398-1407.
[20]	刘建秀, 朱志红, 郑伟. 高寒草甸放牧扰动与两种植物的反应研究. 西北植物学报, 2005, 25(10): 2043-2047. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2005.10.019 LIU J X, ZHU Z H, ZHENG W. Reponses of two plant species to grazing practice in alpine and cold meadow under grazing and grazing-suspension. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2005, 25(10): 2043-2047. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2005.10.019
[21]	PAIGE K N, WHITHAM T C. Overcompensation in response to mammalian herbivory: The advantage of being eaten. American Naturalist, 1987, 129: 407-416. doi: 10.1086/284645
[22]	张璐璐, 周晓松, 李英年, 袁芙蓉, 樊瑞俭, 朱志红. 刈割、施肥和浇水对矮嵩草补偿生长的影响. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(6): 641-652. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00641 ZHANG L L, ZHOU X S, LI Y N, YUAN F R, FAN R J, ZHU ZH. Effects of clipping, fertilizing and watering on compensatory growth of Kobresia humilis. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(6): 641-652. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00641
[23]	孙毅, 闫帮国, 何光熊, 张梦寅, 和润莲, 史亮涛. 水分和养分添加对扭黄茅刈割后补偿作用的影响. 草业科学, 2019, 36(1): 200-209. SUN Y, YAN B G, HE G X, ZHANG M Y, HE R L, SHI L T. Effect of mowing and water and nutrient additions on the compensatory responses of Heteropogon contortus. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(1): 200-209.

图 1 刈割对雀麦植株生长的影响

不同小写字母表示不同刈割高度处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)；T、S和CK分别表示刈割高度为7.6 和2.5 cm以及不刈割。下同。

Figure 1. Effect of different clipping treatments on Bromus japonicas

Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different clipping height treatments at the 0.05 level; T, S, and CK indicate the height of clipping were 7.6 and 2.5 cm, and not clippling. This is applicable for the following figures and tables as well.

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图 2 刈割对雀麦繁殖的影响

Figure 2. Effect of different clipping treatments on the rate reproduction of Bromus japonicas number of fruits, fruit weight

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 刈割对雀麦茎生叶完整度的影响

Table 1 Effect of different clipping treatments on leaf integrity of Bromus japonicas

处理 Treatment	旗叶 Flag leaf	倒2叶 Top 2nd leaf	倒3叶 Top 3rd leaf	倒4叶 Top 4th leaf	倒5叶 Top 5th leaf	倒6叶 Top 6th leaf
CK	100 ± 0a	100 ± 0a	100 ± 0a	100 ± 0a	100 ± 0a	100 ± 0a
T	100 ± 0a	100 ± 0a	0b	0b	65 ± 12b	100 ± 0a
S	100 ± 0a	65 ± 32b	0b	0b	19 ± 23c	76 ± 34b

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表 2 刈割处理与对照之间植物各指标的补偿指数

Table 2 Compensation index of Bromus japonicas between CK and the different clipping treatments

刈割/对照 Clipping/control	果实重 Fruit weight	果实数 No. of fruit	生物量 Biomass	总生物量 Total biomass
S/CK	0.226 ± 0.071c	0.284 ± 0.023c	0.395 ± 0.027c	0.452 ± 0026c
T/CK	0.481 ± 0.214b	0.452 ± 0.076b	0.702 ± 0.030b	0.725 ± 0.029b
CK/CK	1.000 ± 0.000a	1.000 ± 0.000a	1.000 ± 0.000a	1.000 ± 0.000a

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参考文献(23)

[1]	BALSKY A J. Dose herbivory benefit plants? A review of the evidence. American Naturalist, 1986, 127: 870-892.
[2]	杨允菲, 祝廷成. 羊草种群种子生产的初步研究. 植物生态学与地植物学学报, 1989, 13(1): 73-78. YANG Y F, ZHU T C. A preliminary study of seed production of Aneurolepidium chinense population. Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica, 1989, 13(1): 73-78.
[3]	张晓娜, 哈达朝鲁, 潘庆民. 刈割干扰下内蒙古草原两种丛生禾草繁殖策略的适应性调节. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(3): 253-262. doi: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.002 ZHANG X N, Hadachaolu, PAN Q M. Adaptive regulation in reproductive strategy of two bunchgrasses under mowing disturbance in Inner Mongolia grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(3): 253-262. doi: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.002
[4]	KENNETT G A, LACEY J R, BUTT C A, OLSONRUTZ K M, HAFERKAMP M R. Effects of defoliation shading and competition spotted knapweed and bluebunch wheatgrass. Journal of Range Management, 1992, 45(4): 363-369. doi: 10.2307/4003084
[5]	KHAIR M J, SHATNAWI E L, GHOSHEH H, SHANNAG H, KHALIL I E. Defoliation time and intensity of wall barley in the Mediterranean rangeland. Journal of Range Management, 1999, 52(3): 258-262. doi: 10.2307/4003688
[6]	雷抒情, 汪海洋, 杜国帧, 潘声旺. 刈割后两种不同体型植物的补偿式样对比研究. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(5): 740-747. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2005.05.006 LEI S Q, WANG H Y, DU G Z, PAN S W. Compensatory growth responses of two plants with different growth forms after clipping. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(5): 740-747. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2005.05.006
[7]	鲍雅静, 李政海, 仲延凯, 杨持. 不同频次刈割对内蒙古羊草草原群落能量固定与分配规律的影响. 草业学报, 2004, 13(5): 46-52. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-5759.2004.05.008 BAO Y J, LI Z H, ZHONG Y K, YANG C. The effects of different frequency mowing on energy fixation and allocation of Leymus chinensis steppe community in Xilinguole, NeiMonggol. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2004, 13(5): 46-52. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-5759.2004.05.008
[8]	中华人民共和国农业部畜牧兽医司, 全国畜牧兽医总站. 中国草地资源. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1996. Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, National Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station. Grassland Resources in China. Beijing: Science and Technology Press of China, 1996.
[9]	毛祖美. 早春短命植物区系特点. 干旱区研究, 1992, 9(1): 11-12. doi: 10.13866/j.azr.1992.01.004 MAO Z M. Floristic characteristics of early spring ephemeral. Arid Zone Research, 1992, 9(1): 11-12. doi: 10.13866/j.azr.1992.01.004
[10]	胡汝骥. 中国天山自然地理. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2004. HU R J. Physical Geography of Tianshan Mountains in China. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press. 2004.
[11]	HEMPY-MAYER K, PYKE D A. Defoliation effects on Bromus tectorum seed production: Implications for grazing. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 2008, 61(1): 116-123.
[12]	王海洋, 杜国帧, 任金吉. 种群密度和施肥对垂穗披碱草刈割后补偿作用的影响. 植物生态学报, 2003, 27(4): 477-483. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2003.04.008 WANG H Y, DU G Z, REN J J. The impacts of population density and fertilization on compensatory responses of Elymus nutans to mowing. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2003, 27(4): 477-483. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-264X.2003.04.008
[13]	SILVERTOWN J, CHARLESWORTH D. Introduction to Plant Population Biology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2001.
[14]	CHEN X D, ZHAO B, CHEN L, WANG R, JI C H. Defoliation enhances green forage performance but inhibits grainy yield in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Experimental Agriculture, 2016, 52(3): 391-404. doi: 10.1017/S0014479715000162
[15]	SEYMOUR M, ENGLAND J M, MALIK R, ROGERS D, SUTHERLAND A, RANDELL A. Effect of timing and height of defoliation on the grainy yield of barley, wheat, oats and canola in western Australia. Crop & Pasture Science, 2015, 66: 287-300.
[16]	廖伟彪, 南志标, 张美玲. 刈割对禾草生长的影响. 中国草地学报, 2008, 30(5): 95-105. LIAO W B, NAN Z B, ZHANG M L. Effects of cutting on grass growth. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2008, 30(5): 95-105.
[17]	KING D, ROUGHGARDEN J. Energy allocation patterns of the California grassland annuals Plantago erecta and Clarkia rubicunda. Ecology, 1983, 64: 16-24. doi: 10.2307/1937324
[18]	THOMPSON B K, WEINER J, WARWICK S I. Size-dependent reproductive output in agricultural weeds. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1991, 69: 442-446. doi: 10.1139/b91-061
[19]	SUSKO D J, LOVETT-DOUST L. Plant-size and fruit-position effects on reproductive allocation in Alliaria petiolate (Brassicaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 2000, 78: 1398-1407.
[20]	刘建秀, 朱志红, 郑伟. 高寒草甸放牧扰动与两种植物的反应研究. 西北植物学报, 2005, 25(10): 2043-2047. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2005.10.019 LIU J X, ZHU Z H, ZHENG W. Reponses of two plant species to grazing practice in alpine and cold meadow under grazing and grazing-suspension. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2005, 25(10): 2043-2047. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2005.10.019
[21]	PAIGE K N, WHITHAM T C. Overcompensation in response to mammalian herbivory: The advantage of being eaten. American Naturalist, 1987, 129: 407-416. doi: 10.1086/284645
[22]	张璐璐, 周晓松, 李英年, 袁芙蓉, 樊瑞俭, 朱志红. 刈割、施肥和浇水对矮嵩草补偿生长的影响. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(6): 641-652. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00641 ZHANG L L, ZHOU X S, LI Y N, YUAN F R, FAN R J, ZHU ZH. Effects of clipping, fertilizing and watering on compensatory growth of Kobresia humilis. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(6): 641-652. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00641
[23]	孙毅, 闫帮国, 何光熊, 张梦寅, 和润莲, 史亮涛. 水分和养分添加对扭黄茅刈割后补偿作用的影响. 草业科学, 2019, 36(1): 200-209. SUN Y, YAN B G, HE G X, ZHANG M Y, HE R L, SHI L T. Effect of mowing and water and nutrient additions on the compensatory responses of Heteropogon contortus. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(1): 200-209.

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刈割对一年生短生草雀麦生长和繁殖的影响

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Effects of defoliation on growth and reproduction in the short-lived annual plant Bromus japonicas

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