乌蒙山区冬闲田19份饲用燕麦品种的产量与品质比较
为解决我国乌蒙山区冬闲田闲置、土地利用率低的问题，以19份燕麦(Avena sativa)品种为研究对象，开展品种生产性能和营养品质综合评价试验，通过灰色关联度综合评价，筛选出适宜在乌蒙山区冬闲田推广种植的优质燕麦品种。结果表明：在相对干旱的年份，干草产量排在前3名的品种是‘伽利略’、‘青引1号’和‘青海444’，分别为15 941.55、15 744.67和13 831.14 kg·hm−2；营养品质方面，19份燕麦品种中，粗蛋白含量排名靠前的品种是‘贝勒Ⅱ’和‘青引1号’，并且二者中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均处于较低水平；相对饲喂价值较高的品种分别是‘贝勒Ⅱ’、‘贝勒’、‘林纳’和‘青引1号’；灰色关联综合评价结果显示，‘青引1号’、‘伽利略’和‘青海444’排名靠前，综合生产性能表现较好，可以作为乌蒙山区冬闲田的主推品种进行种植。
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图 1 会泽县大桥乡2018－2021年降水量
Figure 1. Precipitation in Daqiao Township, Huize County, 2018－2021
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表 1 参试燕麦品种名称及其来源
Table 1 Name of participating oat varieties and their origin
编号 No. 品种名 Variety 来源 Source S1 黄燕麦 Yellow oat 甘肃省 Gansu, China S2 永久444 Yongjiu 444 甘肃省 Gansu, China S3 甜燕麦 Sweet oat 甘肃省 Gansu, China S4 伽利略 Jialilüe 甘肃省 Gansu, China S5 W-BL2 甘肃省 Gansu, China S6 青引2号 Qingyin No.2 青海省 Qinghai, China S7 林纳 Lena 青海省 Qinghai, China S8 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 青海省 Qinghai, China S9 加燕2号 Jiayan No.2 加拿大 Canada S10 青海甜燕麦 Qinghai sweet oat 青海省 Qinghai, China S11 白燕7号 Baiyan No.7 吉林省 Jilin, China S12 青海444 Qinghai 444 青海省 Qinghai, China S13 青燕1号 Qingyan No.1 青海省 Qinghai, China S14 领袖 Souris 美国 USA S15 爱沃 Everleaf 美国 USA S16 燕王 Forage plus 加拿大 Canada S17 贝勒 Ⅱ Baler Ⅱ 加拿大 Canada S18 贝勒 Baler 加拿大 Canada S19 美达 Monida 美国 USA 
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表 2 不同燕麦品种株高和干草产量情况
Table 2 Plant height and hay yield of different oat varieties
品种
Variety株高
Plant height/cm干草产量
Hay yield/(kg·hm−2)黄燕麦 Yellow oat 89.00 ± 1.10f 11 423.50 ± 598.79cde 永久444 Yongjiu 444 100.53 ± 1.10a 12 972.06 ± 800.89abc 甜燕麦 Sweet oat 90.80 ± 1.97f 12 311.34 ± 903.08abcd 伽利略 Jialilüe 93.47 ± 1.43def 15 941.55 ± 130.02a W-BL2 75.60 ± 1.13g 10 723.77 ± 2 018.09cde 青引2号 Qingyin No.2 97.47 ± 1.90bcd 13 112.11 ± 1 084.21abc 林纳 Lena 91.73 ± 1.17ef 11 290.53 ± 2 168.36cde 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 108.80 ± 1.74a 15 744.67 ± 959.23ab 加燕2号 Jiayan No.2 95.60 ± 1.18cde 13 532.42 ± 1 284.45abc 青海甜燕麦
Qinghai sweet oat99.20 ± 2.44bc 12 323.21 ± 205.79abcd 白燕7号 Baiyan No.7 88.93 ± 1.54g 10 976.43 ± 582.27cde 青海444 Qinghai 444 100.40 ± 1.71a 13 831.14 ± 1 201.32abc 青燕1号 Qingyan No.1 99.87 ± 1.44bc 11 526.02 ± 1 716.32cde 领袖 Souris 69.67 ± 1.73h 7 889.89 ± 405.44ef 爱沃 Everleaf 59.47 ± 1.08i 12 303.44 ± 1 105.00abcd 燕王 Forage plus 78.87 ± 1.04g 11 896.30 ± 1 388.43bcd 贝勒 Ⅱ Baler Ⅱ 78.13 ± 1.78g 5 475.15 ± 475.37f 贝勒 Baler 77.87 ± 1.18g 12 290.05 ± 1 272.04abcd 美达 Monida 61.40 ± 1.31i 8 516.86 ± 1 551.51def 同列不同小写字母表示不同品种间差异显著(P < 0.05)；下表同。
Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant difference between different varieties at the 0.05 level. This is applicable for the following tables as well.
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表 3 19份燕麦品种营养品种比较分析
Table 3 Comparative analysis of nutritional varieties of 19 oat varieties
品种名
Variety粗蛋白含量
Crude protein/%酸性洗涤纤维含量
Acid detergent fiber/%中性洗涤纤维含量
Neutral detergent fiber/%黄燕麦 Yellow oat 9.35 ± 0.32ab 28.91 ± 0.78abcd 55.52 ± 2.27abcd 永久444 Yongjiu 444 10.02 ± 0.51a 30.81 ± 0.29a 55.54 ± 0.98abc 甜燕麦 Sweet oat 9.67 ± 0.27ab 28.48 ± 0.20bcde 54.41 ± 1.07abcde 伽利略 Jialilüe 8.65 ± 0.23bcd 29.39 ± 0.41abc 56.45 ± 1.11ab W-BL2 9.09 ± 0.33abcd 30.06 ± 0.29ab 54.97 ± 1.47abcd 青引2号 Qingyin No.2 8.05 ± 0.36d 29.58 ± 0.39abc 54.60 ± 1.01abcde 林纳 Lena 9.52 ± 0.37ab 27.61 ± 0.45cde 52.21 ± 0.51cde 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 10.08 ± 0.44a 27.85 ± 0.63cde 52.69 ± 1.30bcde 加燕2号 Jiayan No.2 8.09 ± 0.35cd 27.16 ± 1.14def 55.21 ± 1.11abcd 青海甜燕麦 Qinghai sweet oat 9.21 ± 0.60abcd 28.43 ± 0.34bcde 52.66 ± 0.62bcde 白燕7号 Baiyan No.7 8.66 ± 0.36bcd 29.53 ± 0.57abc 52.85 ± 0.42bcde 青海444 Qinghai 444 8.52 ± 0.20bcd 30.03 ± 0.90ab 54.28 ± 1.25abcde 青燕1号 Qingyan No.1 8.68 ± 0.25bcd 29.48 ± 0.60abc 54.69 ± 1.60abcde 领袖 Souris 8.47 ± 0.22bcd 27.70 ± 0.37cde 54.57 ± 2.00abcde 爱沃 Everleaf 9.32 ± 0.35abc 27.98 ± 0.61cde 54.26 ± 0.66abcde 燕王 Forage plus 8.54 ± 0.56bcd 30.86 ± 0.91a 57.35 ± 0.70a 贝勒Ⅱ Baler Ⅱ 10.21 ± 0.22a 27.15 ± 0.62def 51.29 ± 0.37de 贝勒 Baler 8.65 ± 0.51bcd 25.31 ± 0.35f 50.75 ± 0.91e 美达 Monida 9.56 ± 0.31ab 28.58 ± 0.73ef 55.03 ± 0.89abcd
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表 4 不同燕麦品种各性状指标的关联系数值与关联度
Table 4 Trait correlation coefficient and association of each oat variety
品种名
Variety产量
Yield株高
Height粗蛋白
含量
Crude
protein酸性洗
涤纤维
含量 Acid
detergentfiber中性洗涤
纤维含量
Neurtral
detergent fiber相对饲喂
价值 Relative
feed value等权关联度值
Equal weight
association排名
Order黄燕麦 Yellow oat 0.498 0.944 0.998 0.994 0.993 0.957 0.897 15 永久444 Yongjiu 444 0.631 0.974 0.999 1.000 0.993 0.949 0.924 6 甜燕麦 Sweet oat 0.583 0.949 0.998 0.993 0.990 0.963 0.913 8 伽利略 Jialilüe 0.980 0.955 0.996 0.996 0.996 0.949 0.979 2 W-BL2 0.483 0.911 0.997 0.998 0.992 0.954 0.889 16 青引2号 Qingyin No.2 0.643 0.966 0.994 0.996 0.991 0.958 0.925 5 林纳 Lena 0.500 0.951 0.998 0.991 0.984 0.978 0.900 12 青引1号 Qingyin No.1 0.943 0.997 1.000 0.991 0.985 0.975 0.982 1 加燕2号 Jiayan No.2 0.674 0.961 0.994 0.989 0.992 0.963 0.929 4 青海甜燕麦 Qinghai sweet oat 0.587 0.971 0.997 0.993 0.985 0.973 0.918 7 白燕7号 Baiyan No.7 0.508 0.944 0.996 0.996 0.986 0.967 0.900 14 青海444 Qinghai 444 0.703 0.974 0.995 0.998 0.990 0.958 0.936 3 青燕1号 Qingyan No.1 0.537 0.972 0.996 0.996 0.991 0.958 0.908 10 领袖 Souris 0.393 0.898 0.995 0.991 0.991 0.965 0.872 18 爱沃 Everleaf 0.581 0.875 0.997 0.992 0.990 0.965 0.900 13 燕王 Forage plus 0.560 0.919 0.995 1.000 0.998 0.940 0.902 11 贝勒Ⅱ Baler Ⅱ 0.333 0.917 1.000 0.989 0.982 0.986 0.868 19 贝勒 Baler 0.585 0.917 0.996 0.984 0.980 0.997 0.910 9 美达 Monida 0.408 0.879 0.998 0.993 0.992 0.965 0.873 17
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