肃南和肃北草地种子植物区系

赵燕; 何毅; 赵忠

doi:10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2021-0243

肃南和肃北草地种子植物区系

赵燕¹,
何毅²,
赵忠³

1.
甘肃省草原技术推广总站, 甘肃兰州 730046
2.
甘肃省外资项目办公室, 甘肃兰州 730030
3.
甘肃省林业和草原局, 甘肃兰州 730030

基金项目: 甘肃省重点研发(20YF8NA129)；西藏重大专项(XZ202101ZD003N)；国家自然科学基金(31760702)

摘要: 对地处甘肃省祁连山－河西走廊西北端的肃南、肃北县草地植物进行实地调查，结果显示，该区域草地植物资源丰富，共有维管植物376种，分属53科、178属，其中蕨类植物1科1属1种，裸子植物3科4属7种，被子植物49科173属368种，种子植物是调查区植被组成的主体成分。优势植物科有5个，分别为菊科(Asteraceae) 59种、禾本科(Poaceae) 57种、豆科(Fabaceae) 35种、藜科(Chenopodiaceae) 26种和莎草科(Cyperaceae) 20种，占调查区科、属、种总数的9.4%、39.6%和51.5%。另外，单种科占比高达41.5%，且种数/属数比和种数/科数比值较低，分别为2.11和7.09，显示出调查区较高的植物区系多样性。52个种子植物科在世界种子植物科的分布区类型中分属5个分布型5个变型，优势科多为世界分(广)布科，占调查区种子植物科数的57.7%，温带分布科和热带分布科为次优势科，分别为总科数的26.9%和11.5%；177个种子植物属在属分布区类型中分属9个类型和15个变型，其中温带成分占57.9%，占据绝对优势地位；地中海成分和中亚成分也有明显表现，分别为总属数的10.7%和6.2%；而西亚成分、东亚成分和热带成分表现微弱。区域内植物区系特点符合我国西北干旱区的特征。

关键词:

English

Flora of seed plants in pastures of the Sunan and Subei County

1.
Station of Grassland Technology Extension, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China
2.
Foreign Fund Project Management Office of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
3.
Gansu Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China

Received Date: 2021-04-20
Accepted Date: 2022-04-03
Available Online: 2022-11-04
Publish Date: 2023-01-14

Abstract: We investigated the distribution and species of grassland plants in Sunan and Subei county which are located along the northwest end of the Qilian Mountain – Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province. The results show that the region is rich in grassland plant species and includes a total 376 vascular plant species belonging to 178 genera and 53 families. These plants consist of one fern species, seven gymnosperm species (from four genera in three families), and 368 angiosperm species (from 173 genera in 49 families). Thus, regional grassland vegetation is mainly composed of seed plants (gymnosperm and angiosperm). The five largest plant families are Asteraceae (59 species), Poaceae (57 species), Fabaceae (35 species), Chenopodiaceae (26 species), and Cyperaceae (20 species), and they account for 9.4%, 39.6%, and 51.1% of the total families, genera and species in the region, respectively. These families are thus considered to dominate the regional grassland vegetation. Moreover, the proportion of single-species families in this region is as high as 41.5%. Along with the low ratios of species to genera (2.11) and species to families (7.09), this finding suggests high regional floristic diversity. Based on the family-level analyses, 52 investigated seed plant families are divided into 5 areal types and 5 subtypes. The proportion of the widespread family type is highest and accounts for 57.7% of the total regional family number. The temperate and tropical family types are regional sub-dominant families and account for 26.9% and 11.5% of the total families, respectively. At the genus level, 177 investigated seed plant genera are divided into 9 areal types and 15 subtypes. The genera with a significant temperate component are absolutely dominant and account for 57.9% of the total regional genus number. Genera with Mediterranean components and Central Asian components are sub-dominant and account for 10.7% and 6.2% of the total genera, respectively. In contrast, genera with West Asian, East Asian, and tropic components are sparse. The above results indicated that the floristic characteristics of the region are in line with the characteristics of arid areas in Northwest China.

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参考文献

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图 1 野外调查样点分布图

Figure 1. Distribution map of the field sample points

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表 1 肃南、肃北草地维管束植物数量

Table 1 Number of vascular plant species in the Sunan and Subei grassland

	类别 Type of plant	科 Family		属 Genera		种 Species
	类别 Type of plant	数量 Number	占比 Percentage/%	数量 Number	占比 Percentage/%	数量 Number	占比 Percentage/%
蕨类 Pteridophyte		1	1.9	1	0.6	1	0.3
裸子植物 Gymnosperm		3	5.7	4	2.2	7	1.9
被子植物 Angiosperm	双子叶植物 Dicotyledon	41	7 7.4	139	78.1	278	73.9
被子植物 Angiosperm	单子叶植物 Monocotyledon	8	15.1	34	19.1	90	23.9
总计 Total		53	100.0	178	100.0	376	100.0

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表 2 肃南、肃北主要维管植物科的属、种分布数量统计

Table 2 Number of the family and genus of vascular plants in Sunan and Subei

科名 Family of genera	属数 Number of species	种数 Number of species	科名 Family of genera	属数 Number of species	种数 Number of species	单种科名 Families with a single species
菊科 Compositae	23	59	蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae	3	6	木贼科 Equisetaceae 松科 Pinaceae 榆科 Ulmaceae 瑞香科 Thymelaeaceae 小檗科 Berberidaceae 白花丹科 Plumbaginaceae 牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae 亚麻科 Linaceae 远志科 Polygalaceae 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae 萝藦科 Asclepiadaceae 旋花科 Convolvulaceae 杉叶藻科 Hippuridaceae 锁阳科 Cynomoriaceae 列当科 Orobanchaceae 川续断科 Dipsacaceae 马鞭草科 Verbenaceae 灯心草科 Juncaceae 鸢尾科 Iridaceae 眼子菜科 Potamogetonaceae 兰科 Orchidaceae 茜草科 Rubiaceae
禾本科 Gramineae	23	57	景天科 Crassulaceae	2	6
豆科 Leguminosae	8	35	杨柳科 Salicaceae	1	5
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	12	29	报春花科 Primulaceae	3	5
莎草科 Orchidaceae	4	20	紫草科 Boraginaceae	3	5
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	7	17	柽柳科 Tamaricaceae	3	4
龙胆科 Gentianaceae	6	13	柏科 Cupressaceae	2	3
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	6	10	麻黄科 Ephedraceae	1	3
蓼科 Polygonaceae	4	9	罂粟科 Papaveraceae	1	3
伞形科 Umbelliferae	7	8	胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae	2	3
十字花科 Brassicaceae	8	10	虎耳草科 Saxifragaceae	2	3
玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	3	9	茄科 Solanaceae	2	2
石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	7	9	荨麻科 Urticaceae	1	2
百合科 Liliaceae	2	7	水麦冬科 Juncaginaceae	1	2
唇形科 Labiatae	6	7	车前科 Plantaginaceae	1	2

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表 3 肃南、肃北草地种子植物科的分布类型

Table 3 Families of the areal type and subtypes of seed plants in the Sunan and Subei grasslands

分布型及亚型 Types and Subtypes	科 Family		属 Genera
分布型及亚型 Types and Subtypes	数量 Number	占比 Percentage/%	数量 Number	占比 Percentage/%
1.世界分(广)布 Cosmopolitan	30	57.7	148	83.6
2.泛热带分布 Pantropic	4	7.7	6	3.4
2-2.热带亚洲、非洲和中至南美洲间断 Trop. Asia., Afr. & C to S. Amer. disjuncted	1	1.9	1	0.6
3.热带亚洲和热带美洲间断 Trop. As. & Trop. Amer. disjuncted	1	1.9	1	0.6
8.北温带分布 Northern temperate	4	7.7	5	2.8
8-4.北温带和南温带间断(泛温带) Northern temperate.& S. temp. disjuncted (Pan-temperate)	7	13.5	9	5.1
8-5.欧亚和温带南美洲间断 Eurasia & temp. S. Amer. disjuncted	2	3.8	2	1.1
10.旧世界温带分布 Old World Temp.	1	1.9	1	0.6
10-3.欧亚和南部非洲(有时还有大洋洲)间断 Eurasia S. Afr. (sometimes also Australia) disjuncted	1	1.9	3	1.7
12-1.地中海至中亚和南部非洲、大洋洲间断 Medi. to C. As. & S Afr., Australia disjuncted	1	1.9	1	0.6
总计 Total	52	100.0	177	100.0

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表 4 肃南、肃北草地种子植物属的分布类型

Table 4 Genera of the areal-type and subtypes of seed plants in pastures of Sunan and Subei

分布型及变型 Types and subtypes	属数 Number of genera	占属总数比例 Percentage of total genera/%
1.世界分(广)布 Cosmopolitan	24	13.50
2.泛热带分布 Pantropic	3	1.68
4.旧世界分布 Old World Tropics.	1	0.56
8.北温带分布 Northern temperate	30	16.85
8-2.北极－高山 Arctic-alpine	1	0.56
8-4.北温带和南温带间断(泛温带) Northern temperate. & S. temp. disjuncted ("Pan-temperate")	37	20.79
8-5.欧亚和温带南美洲间断 Eurasia & temp. S. Amer. disjuncted	9	5.06
9.东亚和北美间断分布 E. Asia. & N. Amer. disjuncted	3	1.68
10.旧世界温带分布 Old World Temperate	21	11.80
10-1.地中海、西亚(或中亚)和东亚间断 Mediterranean, W. Asia (or C. Asia), & E. Asia disjuncted	3	1.68
10-2.地中海和喜马拉雅间断 Mediterranean & Himalaya disjuncted	3	1.68
10-3.欧亚和南部非洲(有时还有大洋洲)间断 Eurasia & S. Africa.( sometimes also Australia) disjuncted	4	2.25
11.温带亚洲分布 Temp. Asia	6	3.37
12.地中海、西至中亚分布 Mediterranean, W. Asia to C. Asia	9	5.06
12-1.地中海至中亚和南部非洲，大洋洲间断 Mediterranean to C. Asia & S. Africa, Australasia disjuncted	2	1.12
12-2.地中海至中亚和墨西哥至美国南部间断 Mediterranean to C. Asia & Mexico to S. USA disjuncted	2	1.12
12-3.地中海至温带－热带亚洲，大洋洲和南美洲间断 Mediterranean to Temp.-Trop. Asia, Australasia & S. Amer. disjuncted	1	0.56
12-6.地中海至中亚、热带非洲、华北和华东、金沙江河谷间断 Mediterranean to C. Asia， Trop. Africa, N. & E. China, Jinshajiang River Valley disjuncted	1	0.56
13.中亚分布 C. Asia	3	1.68
13-1.中亚东部(或中部亚洲) E. C. Asia (or Asia Media.)	4	2.25
13-2.中亚至喜马拉雅和华西南 C. Asia to Himalaya & SW. China	4	2.25
13-3.西亚至西喜马拉雅和西藏 W. Asia to W. Himalaya & Tibet	1	0.56
14.东亚分布(东喜马拉雅－日本) E. Asia	2	1.12
14 (SH).中国－喜马拉雅 Sino-Himalaya.	3	1.68
14 (SH).中国－日本 Sino-Japan.	1	0.56
总计 Total	177	100.00

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参考文献(21)

[1]	赵忠, 何毅, 李青, 杨鹏翼, 金赐福, 杨学兰, 孙晓云, 顾自林, 张卫军, 王军, 屈勇, 柴永青, 泽德, 那·巴特尔. 肃南肃北草地类型及草地植物物种多样性现状. 草业学报, 2010, 19(5): 227-238. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20100530 ZHAO Z, HE Y, LI Q, YANG P Y, JIN C F, YANG X L, SUN X Y, GU Z L, ZHANG W J, WANG J, QU Y, CHAI Y Q, Zede, Na·bater. The present situation of grassland and plant diversity in Sunan and Subei county. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(5): 227-238. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20100530
[2]	中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志(1－80卷). 北京: 科学出版社, 1950-2004. Editorial Board of Flora of China. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press, 1950-2004.
[3]	中国科学院植物研究所. 中国高等植物图鉴及其补编. 北京: 科学出版社, 1972-1983. Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Science. Iconographia Cormophytorum Sinicorum and Supplementum. Beijing: Science Press, 1972-1983.
[4]	中国科学院植物研究所. 中国高等植物科属检索表. 北京: 科学出版社, 1979. Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Science. Claves Familiarum Generumque Cormophytorum Sinicorum. Beijing: Science Press, 1979.
[5]	任继周. 草业大辞典. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2008. REN J Z. Pratacultural Dictionary. Beijing: Chind Agricultralight Press, 2008.
[6]	赵忠. 甘肃草原植物图鉴. 北京: 科学出版社, 2019. ZHAO Z. Illustratedbook of Plants on Pasture in Gansu. Beijing: Science Press, 2019.
[7]	吴征镒. 中国植被. 北京: 科学出版社, 1980. WU Z Y. Vegetation of China. Beijing: Science Press, 1980.
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[9]	吴征镒, 孙航, 周浙昆, 李德铢, 彭华. 世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统. 云南植物研究, 2003, 25(3): 245-257. WU Z Y, SUN H, ZHOU Z K, LI D Z, PENG H. The areal-types of the families of seed plants. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2003, 25(3): 245-257.
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肃南和肃北草地种子植物区系

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Flora of seed plants in pastures of the Sunan and Subei County

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