人造草垫对混合草坪景观质量、生物量及根系生长的影响
English
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参考文献
[1] LULLI F, VOLTERRANI M, MAGNI S, ARMEN R. An innovative hybrid natural–artificial sports pitch construction system. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 2011, 225(3): 171-175. doi: 10.1177/1754338X10392311
[2] XtraGrass Hybrid Turf System. XtraGrass hybrid system feels like and plays like natural grass. (2015-11-30) [2019-08-22] https://www.xtragrass-hybrid-turf.com/.
[3] ANDREWS C. Hybrid football pitches: Why the grass is always greener. (2016-10-11) [219-08-22] https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2016/10/hybrid-football-pitches-why-the-grass-is-always-greener/.
[4] 满达, 包永霞, 宋桂龙, 韩烈保. 运动场草坪的坪床加固技术研究进展. 草业科学, 2010, 27(7): 41-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2010.07.009 MAN D, BAO Y X, SONG G L, HAN L B. Research progress on strengthening technology for turf bed in the sports field. Pratacultural Science, 2010, 27(7): 41-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2010.07.009
[5] 满达. 天然草与人造草混合系统草坪特性研究. 北京: 北京林业大学博士学位论文, 2011. MAN D. Researches on The characteristics of natural-artificial turf. PhD Thesis. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2011.
[6] 麦靖雯, 武鑫, 徐彦花, 张巨明. 3种冷季型草坪草建植的混合草坪比较与评价. 广东农业科学, 2019, 46(7): 46-52. MAI J W, WU X, XU Y H, ZHANG J M. Comparison and evaluation of natural-synthetic hybrid sports system with three types of cold season turfgrass. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 46(7): 46-52.
[7] 金雨蒙. 中超比赛因武汉五环体育中心草坪质量问题延期. (2019-04-07)[2019-12-20] http://hb.people.com.cn/n2/2019/0407/c192237-32817023.html. JIN Y M. China Super Games delayed because of the turf quality of Wuhan Five Rings Sports Center. (2019-04-07)[2019-12-20] http://hb.people.com.cn/n2/2019/0407/c192237-32817023.html.
[8] ROBERT D E. 草坪科学与管理. 冯钟粒, 张守先 (译). 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1992. ROBERT D E. Turf Science and Management. FENG Z L, ZHANG S X (tran.). Beijing: China Forestry Press, 1992.
[9] 黄德青, 于兰, 张耀生, 赵新全. 祁连山北坡天然草地地上生物量及其与土壤水分关系的比较研究. 草业学报, 2011, 20(3): 20-27. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20110302 HUANG D Q, YU L, ZHANG Y S, ZHAO X Q. Above-ground biomass and its relationship to soil moisture of natural grassland in the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(3): 20-27. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20110302
[10] 罗耀, 张巨明, 叶振华, 时佩, 陆璃, 龚广. 广州亚运会运动场草坪建植质量调查与分析. 草原与草坪, 2012, 32(4): 28-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5500.2012.04.006 LUO Y, ZHANG J M, YE Z H, SHI P, LU L, GONG G. Investigation and evaluation on the quality of sports turf of Guangzhou Asian Games. Grassland and Turf, 2012, 32(4): 28-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5500.2012.04.006
[11] 武鑫. 天然草与人造草混合运动场草坪系统研究. 广州: 华南农业大学硕士学位论文, 2017. WU X. Study on natural-synthetic hybrid sports turf system. Master Thesis. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2017.
[12] 徐洪雨, 王英宇, 宋桂龙, 韩烈保. 华北土石山区公路边坡常见植物根系地下分布特征. 中国水土保持科学, 2013, 11(2): 51-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2013.02.009 XU H Y, WANG Y Y, SONG G L, HAN L B. Characteristics of root system distribution of common plants on freeway slopes in earthy-rocky mountain area of North China. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 11(2): 51-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2013.02.009
[13] 杨振亚, 周本智, 陈庆标, 葛晓改, 王小明, 曹永慧, 童冉, 石洋. 干旱对杉木幼苗根系构型及非结构性碳水化合物的影响. 生态学报, 2018, 38(18): 6729-6740. YANG Z Y, ZHOU B Z, CHEN Q B, GE X G, WANG X M, CAO Y H, TONG R, SHI Y. Effects of drought on root architecture and non-structural carbohydrate of Cunninghamia lanceolata. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(18): 6729-6740.
[14] HEJDUK S, HRABE F. Influence of different systems of grazing: Type of swards and fertilizing on underground phytomass of pastures. Plant Soil and Environment, 2010, 49: 18-23.
[15] 李丹丹, 宗俊勤, 郭海林, 陈静波, 张有海, 周震东, 刘建秀. 不同坪床配比对‘阳江’狗牙根草坪耐践踏性的影响. 草业学报, 2019, 28(8): 72-83. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2018451 LI D D, ZONG J Q, GUO H L, CHEN J B, ZHANG Y H, ZHOU Z D, LIU J X. Effect of different turf-bed soil ratios on the traffic resistance of ‘Yangjiang’ bermudagrass sports turf. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(8): 72-83. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2018451
[16] 嵇晓雷. 基于植被根系分布形态的生态边坡稳定性研究. 南京: 南京林业大学博士学位论文, 2013. JI X L. A roots distribution-based study on the stability of ecological slope. PhD Thesis. Nanjing: Nanjing Forestry University, 2013.
[17] BEARD J B. Turfgrass Science and Culture. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1973: 325-361.
[18] BEARD J B. Turf Management for Golf Course. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982: 95-119.
[19] 宋桂龙, 韩烈保. 足球场草坪运动质量影响因素的研究进展. 中国草地, 2003, 25(1): 54-62. SONG G L, HAN L B. Research progress of effect factors on the playing quality of soccer pitches. Grassland of China, 2003, 25(1): 54-62.
[20] BAKER S W, RICHARDS C W. The effect of fiber reinforcement on the quality of sand rootzones used for winter games pitches. Veterinarska Stanica, 1994, 106(6): 107-118.
[21] 张鹏飞. 不同梳草和打孔强度对暖季型高尔夫果岭草坪的影响. 南昌: 江西农业大学硕士论文, 2016. ZHANG P F. Effects of different intensity of the comb grass and punch on the warm-season green turf. Master Thesis. Nanchang: Jiangxi Agricultural University, 2016.
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图 2 草垫对不同播种条件下草坪草地上、地下生物量的影响
Figure 2. Effect of carpet on aboveground and underground biomass under different seeding conditions
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图 3 草垫对不同播种条件下草坪草根冠比的影响
Figure 3. Effect of carpet on root-shoot ratios under different seeding conditions
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图 4 草垫对不同播种条件下草坪草垫上、垫下生物量及其比值的影响
Figure 4. Effect of carpet on biomass and ratio of root under and above the carpet under different seeding conditions
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图 5 草垫对不同播种条件下草坪草垫下根系形态参数的影响
Figure 5. Effect of carpet on root morphological parameters under the carpet under different seeding conditions
表 1 粒径分析表
Table 1 Particle size analysis
类型
Type粒径
Particle size/mm含量
Content/%粗砾 Fine gravel > 2.0 3.0 极粗砾 Very coarse sand 1.0～2.0 2.0 粗砂 Coarse sand 0.5～1.0 22.0 中砂 Medium sand 0.25～0.5 40.5 细沙 Fine sand 0.1～0.25 24.5 粉粒 Silt < 0.1 8.0 
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表 2 草垫对不同播种条件下草坪景观质量的影响
Table 2 Effect of carpet on turf performance quality under different seeding conditions
处理
Treatment色泽
Color密度
Density/(shoot·cm–2)株高
Plant height/cm景观质量打分
Performance qualityPR+C 6.31 ± 0.04 3.06 ± 0.17 21.63 ± 0.17 6.50 ± 0.29 PR 6.56 ± 0.06* 4.17 ± 0.40* 27.75 ± 0.63* 6.75 ± 0.25 TF+C 6.30 ± 0.03 2.51 ± 0.10 29.83 ± 0.10 6.13 ± 0.43 TF 6.65 ± 0.11* 2.37 ± 0.19 25.73 ± 0.19 6.25 ± 0.85 Mixed+C 6.37 ± 0.06 2.58 ± 0.37 22.25 ± 0.04 6.75 ± 0.25 Mixed 6.63 ± 0.11* 2.78 ± 0.12 25.63 ± 0.12 7.00 ± 0.41 * 表示同一播种条件下有草垫和无草垫处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)；PR：多年生黑麦草单播；TF：高羊茅单播；Mixed：多年生黑麦草与高羊茅混播；+C：加人工草垫；图2、图3、图4、图5同。
* indicate significant difference between two carpet treatments under the same sowing mode at the 0.05 level; PR: perennial ryegrass monoculture; TF: tall fescue monoculture; Mixed: perennial ryegrass and tall fescue mixture; +C: with artificial woven; this is applicable for Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5 as well.
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[1] LULLI F, VOLTERRANI M, MAGNI S, ARMEN R. An innovative hybrid natural–artificial sports pitch construction system. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 2011, 225(3): 171-175. doi: 10.1177/1754338X10392311
[2] XtraGrass Hybrid Turf System. XtraGrass hybrid system feels like and plays like natural grass. (2015-11-30) [2019-08-22] https://www.xtragrass-hybrid-turf.com/.
[3] ANDREWS C. Hybrid football pitches: Why the grass is always greener. (2016-10-11) [219-08-22] https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2016/10/hybrid-football-pitches-why-the-grass-is-always-greener/.
[4] 满达, 包永霞, 宋桂龙, 韩烈保. 运动场草坪的坪床加固技术研究进展. 草业科学, 2010, 27(7): 41-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2010.07.009 MAN D, BAO Y X, SONG G L, HAN L B. Research progress on strengthening technology for turf bed in the sports field. Pratacultural Science, 2010, 27(7): 41-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2010.07.009
[5] 满达. 天然草与人造草混合系统草坪特性研究. 北京: 北京林业大学博士学位论文, 2011. MAN D. Researches on The characteristics of natural-artificial turf. PhD Thesis. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2011.
[6] 麦靖雯, 武鑫, 徐彦花, 张巨明. 3种冷季型草坪草建植的混合草坪比较与评价. 广东农业科学, 2019, 46(7): 46-52. MAI J W, WU X, XU Y H, ZHANG J M. Comparison and evaluation of natural-synthetic hybrid sports system with three types of cold season turfgrass. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 46(7): 46-52.
[7] 金雨蒙. 中超比赛因武汉五环体育中心草坪质量问题延期. (2019-04-07)[2019-12-20] http://hb.people.com.cn/n2/2019/0407/c192237-32817023.html. JIN Y M. China Super Games delayed because of the turf quality of Wuhan Five Rings Sports Center. (2019-04-07)[2019-12-20] http://hb.people.com.cn/n2/2019/0407/c192237-32817023.html.
[8] ROBERT D E. 草坪科学与管理. 冯钟粒, 张守先 (译). 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1992. ROBERT D E. Turf Science and Management. FENG Z L, ZHANG S X (tran.). Beijing: China Forestry Press, 1992.
[9] 黄德青, 于兰, 张耀生, 赵新全. 祁连山北坡天然草地地上生物量及其与土壤水分关系的比较研究. 草业学报, 2011, 20(3): 20-27. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20110302 HUANG D Q, YU L, ZHANG Y S, ZHAO X Q. Above-ground biomass and its relationship to soil moisture of natural grassland in the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(3): 20-27. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20110302
[10] 罗耀, 张巨明, 叶振华, 时佩, 陆璃, 龚广. 广州亚运会运动场草坪建植质量调查与分析. 草原与草坪, 2012, 32(4): 28-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5500.2012.04.006 LUO Y, ZHANG J M, YE Z H, SHI P, LU L, GONG G. Investigation and evaluation on the quality of sports turf of Guangzhou Asian Games. Grassland and Turf, 2012, 32(4): 28-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5500.2012.04.006
[11] 武鑫. 天然草与人造草混合运动场草坪系统研究. 广州: 华南农业大学硕士学位论文, 2017. WU X. Study on natural-synthetic hybrid sports turf system. Master Thesis. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2017.
[12] 徐洪雨, 王英宇, 宋桂龙, 韩烈保. 华北土石山区公路边坡常见植物根系地下分布特征. 中国水土保持科学, 2013, 11(2): 51-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2013.02.009 XU H Y, WANG Y Y, SONG G L, HAN L B. Characteristics of root system distribution of common plants on freeway slopes in earthy-rocky mountain area of North China. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 11(2): 51-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2013.02.009
[13] 杨振亚, 周本智, 陈庆标, 葛晓改, 王小明, 曹永慧, 童冉, 石洋. 干旱对杉木幼苗根系构型及非结构性碳水化合物的影响. 生态学报, 2018, 38(18): 6729-6740. YANG Z Y, ZHOU B Z, CHEN Q B, GE X G, WANG X M, CAO Y H, TONG R, SHI Y. Effects of drought on root architecture and non-structural carbohydrate of Cunninghamia lanceolata. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(18): 6729-6740.
[14] HEJDUK S, HRABE F. Influence of different systems of grazing: Type of swards and fertilizing on underground phytomass of pastures. Plant Soil and Environment, 2010, 49: 18-23.
[15] 李丹丹, 宗俊勤, 郭海林, 陈静波, 张有海, 周震东, 刘建秀. 不同坪床配比对‘阳江’狗牙根草坪耐践踏性的影响. 草业学报, 2019, 28(8): 72-83. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2018451 LI D D, ZONG J Q, GUO H L, CHEN J B, ZHANG Y H, ZHOU Z D, LIU J X. Effect of different turf-bed soil ratios on the traffic resistance of ‘Yangjiang’ bermudagrass sports turf. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(8): 72-83. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2018451
[16] 嵇晓雷. 基于植被根系分布形态的生态边坡稳定性研究. 南京: 南京林业大学博士学位论文, 2013. JI X L. A roots distribution-based study on the stability of ecological slope. PhD Thesis. Nanjing: Nanjing Forestry University, 2013.
[17] BEARD J B. Turfgrass Science and Culture. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1973: 325-361.
[18] BEARD J B. Turf Management for Golf Course. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982: 95-119.
[19] 宋桂龙, 韩烈保. 足球场草坪运动质量影响因素的研究进展. 中国草地, 2003, 25(1): 54-62. SONG G L, HAN L B. Research progress of effect factors on the playing quality of soccer pitches. Grassland of China, 2003, 25(1): 54-62.
[20] BAKER S W, RICHARDS C W. The effect of fiber reinforcement on the quality of sand rootzones used for winter games pitches. Veterinarska Stanica, 1994, 106(6): 107-118.
[21] 张鹏飞. 不同梳草和打孔强度对暖季型高尔夫果岭草坪的影响. 南昌: 江西农业大学硕士论文, 2016. ZHANG P F. Effects of different intensity of the comb grass and punch on the warm-season green turf. Master Thesis. Nanchang: Jiangxi Agricultural University, 2016.
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