退化梯度上滇西北高山草甸植物群落的补偿生长能力

赵鸿怡; 张勇; 崔媛; 郑秋竹; 田昆; 黄晓霞

doi:10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2019-0526

退化梯度上滇西北高山草甸植物群落的补偿生长能力

赵鸿怡¹,
张勇¹,
崔媛¹,
郑秋竹¹,
田昆^1,2,
黄晓霞^3,4

1.
西南林业大学国家高原湿地研究中心 / 湿地学院，云南昆明 650224
2.
滇池湿地生态系统国家定位观测站，云南昆明 650224
3.
云南大学地球科学学院，云南昆明 650091
4.
云南大学云南省高校低纬高原大气环境与边界层过程重点实验室，云南昆明 650091

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31901394、31560181)；云南省科技厅科技计划项目(2018FD046)

摘要: 为探究退化梯度上滇西北高山草甸植物群落补偿生长能力及其维持机制，本研究于2018年7月–9月在滇西北的3个草甸退化梯度[重度退化(heavy degradation, HD)、中度退化(medium degradation, MD)、无退化对照(control, CK)]上开展原位刈割试验以分析草甸植物的补偿生长能力，同时采集、分析相应土壤样品的理化性质用于分析草甸植物补偿生长能力的维持机制。结果表明：1) 随退化程度增加，草甸植物群落总盖度、平均高度及地上生物量逐渐降低；2) 随退化程度增加，土壤容重、土壤含水率、平均粒径、总氮含量及土壤有机碳含量逐渐降低；土壤pH、速效氮含量在退化梯度间没有显著差异(P > 0.05)，土壤有效磷含量的排序为MD > CK > HD；3) 各退化梯度的草甸植物群落均发生了超补偿生长，且超补偿生长能力在退化梯度间没有显著差异(P > 0.05)。禾本科和杂类草植物的超补偿生长能力在退化梯度间没有显著差异，莎草科植物的超补偿生长能力排序为HD > MD > CK；4) 相较于禾本科和莎草科，杂类草的超补偿生长能力受土壤理化性质的影响更小；5) 相较于CK和MD样地，土壤理化性质对HD样地植物群落超补偿生长能力的影响程度更深。本研究表明，退化虽可导致草甸植物群落和土壤理化性质发生明显的负面变化，但当土壤理化性质的变化尚不足以限制植物群落的超补偿生长能力时，植物群落的超补偿生长能力可维持不变。

关键词:

English

Study on the compensatory growth of alpine meadows along a degradation gradient in northwestern Yunnan Province

1.
National Plateau Wetlands Research Center/College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China
2.
National Positioning Research Station for Dianchi Wetland Ecosystem, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China
3.
School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Boundary Layer Process of Low Latitude Plateau, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2019-10-23
Accepted Date: 2020-02-18
Available Online: 2020-04-29
Publish Date: 2020-05-31

Abstract: To identify the compensatory growth ability of alpine meadows and the mechanisms underlying the process of land degradation in northwestern Yunnan province (NYP), this study specified three degradation levels, i.e., heavy degradation (HD), moderate degradation (MD), and control (CK). An in situ mowing experiment was conducted to test the strength of alpine meadow compensatory growth across these three degradation levels from July to September 2018. Meanwhile, soil samples were collected and soil physical and chemical properties, such as bulk density, moisture, average particle size, pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus, were measured. The results showed that the total coverage, average height, and aboveground biomass of alpine meadows decreased along the degradation gradient. Regarding soil variables, the soil bulk density, soil moisture, average particle size, total nitrogen, and total organic carbon decreased along the degradation gradient. There were no significant differences in soil pH or available nitrogen content among degradation gradients, while the order of available phosphorus was MD > CK > HD. Additionally, the over-compensatory phenomenon was detected across all degradation levels, and there was no significant difference in the strength of over-compensatory growth among the degradation levels. The strength of over-compensatory growth of Gramineae and forbs did not change significantly across the degradation gradient, whereas the strength of over-compensatory growth of Cyperaceae increased as degradation level increased, i.e. CK < MD < HD. Compared to Gramineae and Cyperaceae, the over-compensatory growth of forbs was less affected by soil physicochemical properties. Finally, the effects of soil physicochemical properties on the over-compensatory growth of alpine meadows in HD were stronger than in those in CK and MD. This study suggests that although the plant communities and some soil physicochemical properties could be negatively affected by land degradation, the over-compensatory growth of plant communities could remain stable if the negative changes of soil physicochemical properties do not restrict the over-compensatory growth of plants in the alpine meadows of NYP.

Keywords:

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图 1 样地示意图

Figure 1. Illustration of a sampling site

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 退化梯度上土壤理化性质变化特征

HD：重度退化；MD：中度退化；CK：对照。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著；下图同。

Figure 2. Soil physical and chemical properties among different degradation levels

HD, heavy degradation; MD, medium degradation; CK, the control plots. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level; this is applicable for the following figures as well.

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图 3 退化梯度上植物群落及功能群植物的补偿生长能力

Figure 3. Compensation indices of the plant community and functional groups among different degradation levels

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图 4 草甸植物群落补偿生长能力与土壤理化性质的关系

a图为不同功能群植物的补偿生长强度与土壤理化性质之间的关系；b图为调查样方在土壤理化性质上的排序。 BD：土壤容重；APS：土壤平均径；Moisture：土壤含水率；SOC：土壤有机碳；TN：全氮；NO₃-N：硝态氮；NH₄-N：氨态氮；AP：速效磷。

Figure 4. Relationship between compensatory growth strength and soil physicochemical properties

(a) relationship between compensatory growth strength of different functional groups and soil physicochemical properties; (b) the distribution of sampling quadrats among soil physicochemical properties. BD, soil bulk density; APS, average particle size; Moisture, soil moisture content; SOC, soil organic carbon; TN, total nitrogen; NO₃-N, nitrate nitrogen; NH₄-N, ammonia nitrogen; AP, available phosphorus.

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表 1 退化梯度上刈割样方和对照样方草甸植物群落概况

Table 1 General information on the communities between mowing and control treatments along the degradation gradient

退化梯度　　　　　 Degradation level	样地 Plot	总盖度 Total cover/%	平均高度 Average height/cm	物种丰富度 Species richness
重度退化 Heavy degradation	M	64.33 ± 5.00c	5.92 ± 0.64c	15.11 ± 0.48b
重度退化 Heavy degradation	CK	51.44 ± 9.55c	5.66 ± 0.37c	13.78 ± 1.28b
中度退化 Medium degradation	M	79.56 ± 1.09b	8.44 ± 0.25b	17.56 ± 0.29a
中度退化 Medium degradation	CK	76.22 ± 0.95b	8.39 ± 0.05b	17.44 ± 0.48a
对照 Control	M	90.89 ± 1.13a	12.03 ± 0.69a	18.44 ± 0.78a
对照 Control	CK	88.56 ± 0.59a	11.07 ± 1.17a	18.11 ± 0.87a
M代表刈割样方，CK代表对照样方；下同。同列不同小写字母表示相同指标不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。　M represents mowing quadrats, CK represents control quadrats; this is applicable for the following tables. Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences between different treatments at the 0.05 level.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 刈割前退化梯度上草甸植物群落特征

Table 2 Characteristics of plant communities at different degradation levels before the mowing experiment

群落指标 Indices of plant community	重度退化 Heavy degradation (HD)	中度退化 Medium degradation (MD)	对照 Control (CK)
总盖度 Total cover/%	57.89 ± 7.28c	77.89 ± 0.97b	89.73 ± 0.86a
平均高度 Average height/cm	5.79 ± 0.51c	8.42 ± 0.15b	11.55 ± 0.93a
物种丰富度 Species richness	14.45 ± 0.88b	17.50 ± 0.39a	18.28 ± 0.83a
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass/(g·m^–2)	117.32 ± 12.84c	163.14 ± 9.46b	236.93 ± 22.93a
同行不同小写字母表示相同指标不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。　Different lowercase letters within the same row indicate significant difference between different treatments at the 0.05 level.

下载: 导出CSV

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退化梯度上滇西北高山草甸植物群落的补偿生长能力

English

Study on the compensatory growth of alpine meadows along a degradation gradient in northwestern Yunnan Province

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