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磷肥对环青海湖高寒草原植物群落特征的影响

王玲, 施建军, 尚占环, 史惠兰, 陈伟元, 更尕陈林, 更求巴毛

王玲,施建军,尚占环,史惠兰,陈伟元,更尕陈林,更求巴毛. 磷肥对环青海湖高寒草原植物群落特征的影响. 草业科学, 2019, 36(5): 1224-1230 . DOI: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2018-0372
引用本文: 王玲,施建军,尚占环,史惠兰,陈伟元,更尕陈林,更求巴毛. 磷肥对环青海湖高寒草原植物群落特征的影响. 草业科学, 2019, 36(5): 1224-1230 . DOI: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2018-0372
WANG L, SHI J J, SHANG Z H, SHI H L, CHEN W Y, Genggachenlin, Gengqiubamao. Effects of phosphatic fertilizer addition on plant community characteristics in an alpine grassland around Qinghai Lake. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(5): 1224-1230 . DOI: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2018-0372
Citation: WANG L, SHI J J, SHANG Z H, SHI H L, CHEN W Y, Genggachenlin, Gengqiubamao. Effects of phosphatic fertilizer addition on plant community characteristics in an alpine grassland around Qinghai Lake. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(5): 1224-1230 . DOI: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2018-0372

磷肥对环青海湖高寒草原植物群落特征的影响

基金项目: 青海省自然基金(2014-ZJ-904);青海省重大专项(2016-NK-A7-01);科技部重点研发计划(2016YFC0501902-06)
摘要: 为探讨环青海湖地区高寒草原适宜的磷肥施用量,2017年在海晏县西海镇轻度退化高寒草原上,选用磷酸二铵,设置0(CK)、120(P1)、240(P2)、360(P3)、480 kg·hm–2(P4) 5个施肥梯度,以草原植物群落特征变化为指标,筛选区域磷肥增施的优化方案。结果表明,增施磷酸二铵后草原植物群落中禾本科、莎草科和豆科植物的重要值显著增加(P < 0.05),其中青藏扁蓿豆(Melilotoides archiducis-nicolai)的盖度和重要值极显著增加(P < 0.01)。不同施肥梯度下草原群落生物量显著增加(P < 0.05),磷酸二铵施用量为120~240 kg·hm–2时草地群落生物量较高,比对照提高31.28%~47.13%,净收益比对照增加28.42%~38.37%。适宜环青海湖高寒草原经济可行的磷酸二铵施用量为120~240 kg·hm–2

 

English

  • [1] 戴建军, 石发庆, 张海军, 王兆荣. 黑龙江省西部草地土壤磷素状况及调控. 中国草地, 2001, 23(3): 45-48. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1673-5021.2001.03.010

    DAI J J, SHI F Q, ZHANG H J, WANG Z R. Status and control of phosphorus in grassland soil in western Heilongjiang Province. China Grassland, 2001, 23(3): 45-48. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1673-5021.2001.03.010

    [2] 李小坤, 鲁剑巍, 鲁君明, 陈防, 黄元仿. 磷肥用量对黑麦草产量及经济效益的影响. 草业科学, 2006, 23(10): 18-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2006.10.004

    LI X K, LU J W, LU J M, CHEN F, HUANG Y F. Effects of phosphate fertilizer application on yield and economic benefit of Ryegrass. Pratacultural Science, 2006, 23(10): 18-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2006.10.004

    [3] 德科加. 施肥对三江源区高寒草甸初级生产力和土壤养分的影响. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学博士学位论文, 2014.

    Dekejia. Effect of fertilization on primary productivity and soil nutrients of alpine meadow in the source region of the Three Rivers. Lanzhou: PhD Thesis. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2014.

    [4] 李青云, 施建军, 马玉寿, 董全民. 三江源区人工草地施肥效应研究. 草业科学, 2004, 21(4): 35-38. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2004.04.011

    LI Q Y, SHI J J, MA Y S, DONG Q M. Study on fertilizer effect of artificial grassland in Three River Source Region. Pratacultural Science, 2004, 21(4): 35-38. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2004.04.011

    [5] 金雄, 徐金芳, 常智慧. 磷对草坪的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(10): 1891-1899. doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2013-0567

    JIN X, XU J F, CHANG Z H. Effects of phosphorus on turfgrass. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(10): 1891-1899. doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2013-0567

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    CAO W X, LI W, LI X L, XU C L, SHI S L, HAN T H. Effects of nitrogen application on plant communities and soil nutrients in alpine meadow grassland. Journal of Desert Research, 2015, 35(3): 658-666.

    [7] 德科加, 周青平, 徐成体, 蒋卫平. 施肥对青海省山地草原类草场地上生物量的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2010, 3(1): 38-40.

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    SHI J J, HONG Y Z, MA Y S, ZHANG D G, WANG Y L, YANG S H, DONG Q M, LI S X. Effects of fertilization and weed control on the characteristics of artificial grassland community in Three River Source Region. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19(5): 724-728.

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    ZHOU G Y, CHEN G Z, ZHAO Y L, WANG S Z, LI W, PENG M. A comparative study on the effects of fertilization and fence enclosure on alpine grassland in Qinghai Lake Region Ⅰ. Community structure and species diversity. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2004, 13(1): 26-31. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-5759.2004.01.005

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  • 图  1   不同施肥水平对植物盖度的影响

    同一类群中不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。下同。

    Figure  1.   Effect of different fertilization levels on plant coverage

    CK, 0; P1, 120 kg·hm–2; P2, 240 kg·hm–2; P3, 360 kg·hm–2; P4, 480 kg·hm–2. Different lowercase letters within the same groupindicates significant difference between different degraded grasslands at the 0.05 level; similarly for the following figures.

    图  2   不同施肥水平对不同经济类群重要值的影响

    Figure  2.   Effect of different fertilization levels on importance values of different economic groups

    图  3   不同施肥水平处理对物种丰富度指数的影响

    Figure  3.   Effect of different fertilization level treatments on the species richness index

    图  4   不同施肥水平处理对Shannon-Wiener指数的影响

    Figure  4.   Effect of different fertilization level treatments on the Shannon-Wiener index

    图  5   不同施肥水平处理对均匀度指数的影响

    Figure  5.   Effect of different fertilization treatments on the Pielou index

    图  6   不同施肥水平与地上生物量的关系

    Figure  6.   Relationship between different fertilization levels and aboveground biomass

    图  7   不同施肥水平与牧草干重收益的关系

    Figure  7.   Relationship between different fertilization levels and dry weight gain of pasture

  • [1] 戴建军, 石发庆, 张海军, 王兆荣. 黑龙江省西部草地土壤磷素状况及调控. 中国草地, 2001, 23(3): 45-48. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1673-5021.2001.03.010

    DAI J J, SHI F Q, ZHANG H J, WANG Z R. Status and control of phosphorus in grassland soil in western Heilongjiang Province. China Grassland, 2001, 23(3): 45-48. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1673-5021.2001.03.010

    [2] 李小坤, 鲁剑巍, 鲁君明, 陈防, 黄元仿. 磷肥用量对黑麦草产量及经济效益的影响. 草业科学, 2006, 23(10): 18-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2006.10.004

    LI X K, LU J W, LU J M, CHEN F, HUANG Y F. Effects of phosphate fertilizer application on yield and economic benefit of Ryegrass. Pratacultural Science, 2006, 23(10): 18-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2006.10.004

    [3] 德科加. 施肥对三江源区高寒草甸初级生产力和土壤养分的影响. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学博士学位论文, 2014.

    Dekejia. Effect of fertilization on primary productivity and soil nutrients of alpine meadow in the source region of the Three Rivers. Lanzhou: PhD Thesis. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2014.

    [4] 李青云, 施建军, 马玉寿, 董全民. 三江源区人工草地施肥效应研究. 草业科学, 2004, 21(4): 35-38. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2004.04.011

    LI Q Y, SHI J J, MA Y S, DONG Q M. Study on fertilizer effect of artificial grassland in Three River Source Region. Pratacultural Science, 2004, 21(4): 35-38. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2004.04.011

    [5] 金雄, 徐金芳, 常智慧. 磷对草坪的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(10): 1891-1899. doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2013-0567

    JIN X, XU J F, CHANG Z H. Effects of phosphorus on turfgrass. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(10): 1891-1899. doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2013-0567

    [6] 曹文侠, 李文, 李小龙, 徐长林, 师尚礼, 韩天虎. 施氮对高寒草甸草原植物群落和土壤养分的影响. 中国沙漠, 2015, 35(3): 658-666.

    CAO W X, LI W, LI X L, XU C L, SHI S L, HAN T H. Effects of nitrogen application on plant communities and soil nutrients in alpine meadow grassland. Journal of Desert Research, 2015, 35(3): 658-666.

    [7] 德科加, 周青平, 徐成体, 蒋卫平. 施肥对青海省山地草原类草场地上生物量的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2010, 3(1): 38-40.

    Dekejia, ZHOU Q P, XU C T, JIANG W P. Effect of fertilization on the biomass of grassland in mountain grassland of Qinghai Province. Chinese Journal of Soil and Fertilizer, 2010, 3(1): 38-40.

    [8] 施建军, 洪绂曾, 马玉寿, 张德罡, 王彦龙, 杨时海, 董全民, 李世雄. 施肥和杂草防除对三江源区人工草地群落特征的影响. 草地学报, 2011, 19(5): 724-728.

    SHI J J, HONG Y Z, MA Y S, ZHANG D G, WANG Y L, YANG S H, DONG Q M, LI S X. Effects of fertilization and weed control on the characteristics of artificial grassland community in Three River Source Region. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19(5): 724-728.

    [9] 周国英, 陈桂琛, 赵以莲, 王顺忠, 李伟, 彭敏. 施肥和围栏封育对青海湖地区高寒草原影响的比较研究Ⅰ. 群落结构及其物种多样性. 草业学报, 2004, 13(1): 26-31. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-5759.2004.01.005

    ZHOU G Y, CHEN G Z, ZHAO Y L, WANG S Z, LI W, PENG M. A comparative study on the effects of fertilization and fence enclosure on alpine grassland in Qinghai Lake Region Ⅰ. Community structure and species diversity. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2004, 13(1): 26-31. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1004-5759.2004.01.005

    [10] 周国英, 陈桂琛, 赵以莲, 王顺忠, 孙菁. 施肥和围栏封育对青海湖地区高寒草原影响的比较研究Ⅱ. 地上生物量季节动态. 草业科学, 2005, 22(1): 59-63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2005.01.019

    ZHOU G Y, CHEN G Z, ZHAO Y L, WANG S Z, SUN J. A comparative study on the effects of fertilization and fencing on alpine grassland in Qinghai Lake area II. Seasonal dynamics of aboveground biomass. Pratacultural Science, 2005, 22(1): 59-63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2005.01.019

    [11] 侯宪宽, 芦光新, 董全民, 郑伟, 宋磊. 施肥对环青海湖地区草甸群落生长的影响. 草地学报, 2014, 22(3): 488-492.

    HOU X K, LU G X, DONG Q M, ZHENG W, SONG L. Effects of fertilization on the growth of meadow communities in the Qinghai Lake region. Journal of Grassland, 2014, 22(3): 488-492.

    [12] 党永智, 李欣, 权欣, 德科加, 张明, 芦光新. 施用有机肥对高寒草甸地上生物量及物种多样性的影响. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2015, 45(6): 4-6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-7950.2015.06.003

    DANG Y Z, LI X, QUAN X, DE K J, ZHANG M, LU G X. Effects of applying organic manure on aboveground biomass and species diversity in alpine meadow. Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2015, 45(6): 4-6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-7950.2015.06.003

    [13] 周青平, 金继运, 德科加, 徐成体. 不同施氮水平对高寒草地牧草增产效益的研究. 土壤肥料, 2005(3): 29-31.

    ZHOU Q P, JIN J Y, Dekejia, XU C T. Effects of different nitrogen application levels on yield increase of pasture in Alpine Grassland. Soil Fertilizer, 2005(3): 29-31.

    [14] 王娟, 焦婷, 聂中南, 祁娟, 张德罡, 肖元明, 霍诗梅. 不同施肥处理对高寒草地地上生物量及植物群落特征的影响. 草原与草坪, 2017, 37(3): 91-96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5500.2017.03.015

    WANG J, JIAO T, NIE Z N, QI J, ZHANG D G, XIAO Y M, HUO S M. Effects of different fertilization treatments on the aboveground biomass and community characteristics of alpine grassland. Grassland and Turf, 2017, 37(3): 91-96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5500.2017.03.015

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文章相关
  • 通讯作者: 施建军
  • 收稿日期:  2018-06-13
  • 接受日期:  2018-11-30
  • 网络出版日期:  2019-05-26
  • 发布日期:  2019-04-30

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