植物篱及过滤带防治水土流失与面源污染的研究进展
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参考文献
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[72] 陈皓, 章申. 黄土地区氮磷流失的模拟研究. 地理科学, 1991, 11(2): 142-149. CHEN H, ZHANG S. Nitrogen and phosphorus movement from loess tillage under modelling the rainfall-runoff erosion processes. Scientic Geographica Sinica, 1991, 11(2): 142-149.
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[74] PERROTT K W, SARATHCHANDRA S U, WALLER J E. Seasonal storage and release of phosphorus and potassium by organic matter and the microbial biomass in a high-producing pastoral unit. Australia Journal of Soil Research, 1990, 28: 593-608.
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[76] SANYAL S K, DE-DATTA S K. Chemistry of phosphorus transformations in soil. Advance of Soil Science, 1991, 16: 1-120. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3144-8
[77] KRUTZ L J, SENSEMAN S A, ZABLOTOWICZ R M, MATOCHA M A. Reducing herbicide runoff from agricultural fields with vegetative filter strips: A review. Weed Science, 2005, 53(3): 353-367. doi: 10.1614/WS-03-079R2
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图 1 植物篱对径流、泥沙及污染物的控制过程示意图
Figure 1. The control process of plant hedge toward runoff, sediment and contaminants
表 1 植物篱及过滤带中常用的植物品种、形态特性及其环境适宜性
Table 1 Species, shape and growth environment of plant used in plant hedges and filter strips
植物名称
Plant name形态特征
Morphological character分布及环境适宜性
Spread and environmental suitability狼尾草
Pennisetum alopecuroides多年生，株高 30～120 cm，须根发达
Perennial, height 30～120 cm, fibrous root developed世界均有分布；对土壤适应性强，耐干旱贫瘠
Spread worldwide, strong soil suitability；resistant to drought and barren conditions野古草
Arundinella anomala多年生，株高 60～120 cm，须根粗壮
Perennial, height 60～120 cm, fibrous root strong除新疆和青海外的全国各省区
Spread in China except for Xinjiang and Qinghai黑麦草
Lolium perenne多年生，株高 30～90 cm，须根发达，分蘖多
Perennial, height 30～90 cm, fibrous root developed, strong tillers分布于克什米尔地区、巴基斯坦、欧洲、亚洲暖温带、非洲北部；适宜的土壤 pH 为 6～7
Spread in Kashmir, Pakistan, Europe, Asia, and the north of Africa (i.e., in the warm temperate zone), suitable soil pH 6～7香根草
Vetiveria zizanioides多年生，根系发达，株高 1～2 m，分蘖强
Perennial, root system developed, height 1～2 m, strong tillers主要分布于热带、亚热带地区；耐旱耐贫瘠
Spread in tropical and subtropical regions; resistant to drought and barren conditions皇竹草
Pennisetum sinese多年生，株高 4～5 m，须根发达，分蘖强
Perennial, height 4～5 m, fibrous root developed, strong tillers主要分布于热带、亚热带地区
Spread in tropical and subtropical regions牛尾梢草
Festuca elatior多年生，株高 0.5～2 m，须根坚韧粗壮
Perennial, height 0.5～2 m, strong fibrous roots我国东北、华北、西北及世界各地；耐寒，耐旱
Northeast, north, northwest of China, and worldwide；resistant to cold and drought conditions百喜草
Paspalum natatu多年生，匍匐茎，枝条高 15～80 cm，根系
发达
Perennial, creeping stem, branch height 15～80 cm, root system developed适宜于热带、亚热带地区
Suitable for tropical and subtropical regions黄花菜
Hemerocallis citrina多年生，株高 30～65 cm，根簇生，根端膨大
Perennial, height 30～65 cm, fascicular root, bentonite root我国南方及山西、山东、安徽
South of China, Shanxi, Shandong and Anhui麦冬
Ophiopogon japonicus多年生，株高 30 cm，须根，肉质块根
Perennial, height 30 cm, fibrous roots, fleshy tuber root我国西南、长三角、珠三角地区
Westsouth of China, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta新银合欢
Leucaena leucocephala株高 2～6 m
height 2～6 m台湾、福建、广东、广西和云南；耐旱
Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan；resistant to drought conditions紫穗槐
AmorphafruticosaL株高 1～4 m
height 1～4 m我国东北、华北、西北及山东、安徽、江苏、河南、湖北、广西、四川等省区；抗逆性强
Northeast, north and northwest of China, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan; strong resistance to adversity马桑
Coriaria nepalensis株高 1.5～2.5 m
height 1.5～2.5 m云南、贵州、四川、湖北、陕西、甘肃、西藏
Produced in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu and Tibet黄荆
Vitex negundo株高 2～5 m
height 2～5 m长江以南
South of the Yangtze River金荞麦
Fagopyrum dibotrys株高 50～100 cm
height 50～100 cm陕西、江苏、浙江、湖北、湖南等省
Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan etc.野葛
Pueraria lobata木质藤本
Woody vines除新疆、西藏外，其余地区均有分布
Widespread in China except for Xinjiang and Tibet
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表 2 植物篱及过滤带对径流和泥沙的拦截率
Table 2 Interrupting rate of runoff and sediment by plant hedges and filter strips
植物名称
Plant name研究地区
Study area种植情况
Plant pattern土壤类型
Soil type坡度
Slope/%降雨强度
Rain intensity/
(mm·h-1)拦截率
Intercept rate/%参考文献
Reference径流
Runoff泥沙
Sediment高羊茅
Festuca arundinacea Schreb− 过滤带，宽8 m
Filter, width 8 m− 5 − − 72 [7] 高羊茅 + 柳枝稷
Festuca arundinacea+Panicum virgatum− 过滤带，宽7.3 m + 0.7 m
Filter, width 7.3 m + 0.7 m− 5 − − 91 [7] 金荞麦/李树/黄花菜
Fagopyrum dibotrys/Prunus salicina/Hemerocallis citrina贵州
Guizhou植物篱，单种，金荞麦 20 cm × 20 cm 双行; 李树 550 cm × 200 cm; 黄花菜 20 cm × 20 cm 双行
Hegde, single plant, double line, 20 cm × 20 cm for Fagopyrum dibotrys, 550 cm × 200 cm for Prunus salicina, 20 cm × 20 cm for Hemerocallis citrina红黄壤 Red and yellow soil − − 89 41～48 [9] 香根草
Vetiveria zizanioides江西
Jiangxi植物篱，3 行，行、株距均为 15 cm
Hegde, three lines, row and plant spacing 15 cm红壤
Red soil6 − 60～72 56～78 [11] 江西
Jiangxi植物篱，双行，37 cm × 15 cm
Hegde, double line, 37 cm × 15 cm红壤
Red soil10 − 29～40 63～97 [12] 泰国
Thailand植物篱，宽 2 m，高 3 m，长 10.44/8.08/6.71 m
Hedge, width 2 m, height 3 m, length 10.44/8.08/6.71 m− 30/ 40/ 50 35～160 31～69 62～86 [13] 三峡
Three Gorges植物篱，双行，株、行距 20 cm
Hegde, double line, row spacing 20 cm紫色土
Purple soil25 66～84 75 83 [14] 泰国北部
North of Thailand植物篱，株、行距25 cm × 75 cm
Hegde, plant × row 25 cm × 75 cm沙壤土
Silt loam soil21～28 − 72 98 [15] 野葛(藤本)/百喜草
Pueraria lobata/Paspalum natatu江西
Jiangxi种植小区
Plant plot红壤
Red soil21 − >80 >80 [16] 黄花菜/麦冬
Hemerocallis citrina/Ophiopogon japonicus浙江
Zhejiang植物篱，单种单行或双行，混种双行；15 cm × 40 cm
Hedge, single pant single row, mixed double row, 15 cm × 40 cm红壤
Red soil− 25.6～56.9 − 48～80 [17] 皇竹草
Pennisetum sinese三峡
Three Gorges植物篱，株、行距 30 cm × 30 cm 双行错栽
Hedge，plant × row 30 cm × 30 cm, double row transplanting紫色土
Purple soil25 4.74～15.6 59～66 71～78 [18] 马桑/黄荆/新银合欢/黄花菜
Coriaria nepalensis/Vitex negundo/Leucaena leucocephala/Hemerocallis citrina三峡
Three Gorges植物篱，双行错栽
Hedge, double row transplanting紫色土
Purple soil25 42，84 22～43 94～98 [19] 野古草
Arundinella anomala北京
Beijing植物篱，双行，株高 71 cm
Hedge，double line, height 71 cm壤质黏土
Loam clay soil5～20 3.1～52 54 64 [4] 植物篱，双行，株高 71 cm
Hedge，double line, height 71 cm5～20 22，36，63 7～82 40～92 [20] 狼尾草
Pennisetum alopecuroides北京
Beijing植物篱，双行，株高 95 cm
Hedge，double line, height 95 cm壤质黏土
Loam clay soil5～20 3.1～52 73 86 [4] 植物篱，双行，株高 71 cm
Hedge，double line, height 71 cm5～20 22，36，63 7～72 6～89 [20] 植物篱，双行，株高 95 cm
Hedge，double line, height 95 cm5～20 10～100 51～64 57～86 [21] 牛尾梢草
Festuca elatior美国
America植物篱，0.72 m 宽
Hedge, width 0.72 m黄土
Yellow soil8～16 64 22～52 53～63 [22] 芒草
Miscanthus− 植物篱，间距 20 cm × 20 cm
Hedge, 20 cm × 20 cm apart沙壤土
silt loam soil5 − 39 87 [23] 蜈蚣草
Pteris vittata日本
Japan带，长 0.5/ 1.0 /3.0 m
Filter, 0.5/ 1.0 /3.0 m long− − − − 24～73 [24] 香根草
Vetiveria zizanioides尼日利亚
Nigeria过滤带，30 株，间距 10 cm
Filter, 30 plant, spacing 10 cm淋溶土
Leaching soil7 − 63 72 [25] 肯尼亚
Kenya过滤带，行距 10～20 cm
Filter, row spacing 10～20 cm粘壤土
Clay loam soil8 − 12 − [26] 狼尾草
Pennisetum alopecuroides肯尼亚
Kenya过滤带，行距 10～20 cm
Filter, row spacing 10～20 cm粘壤土
Clay loam soil8 − 54 − [26] 腐格里豆 + 甘蔗
Gliricidia sepium + Saccharum spp.印度
India植物篱 0.5 m × 0.5 m +带行距 0.3 m
Hedge, 0.5 m × 0.5 m+ filter single row 0.3 m红壤
Red soil2～5 − 33 35 [27] 马氏桔梗(树) + 雪球荚(灌木) + 高羊茅(草)
Platanus hybrida (trees) + Viburnum opulus (shrubs) + Festuca arundinacea (grass)意大利北部
North-East Italy过滤带，5 m, 双行错栽, 中间种草
Filter, 5 m, two rows of regularly alternating plant, with grass in the inter-rows− − − 78 − [29] 高羊茅 + 鸭茅
Festuca arundinacea+Dactylis glomerata− 过滤带，1.1%～4.3% 的覆盖面积
Filter, 1.1%～4.3% coverage area沙壤
Silt soil5.5 − 54～79 67～84 [30] “−”表示无相关数据。“−”, no date.
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表 3 植物篱及过滤带对氮、磷的拦截率
Table 3 Interrupting rate of nitrogen and phosphorus by plant hedges and filter strips
植物名称
Plant name研究地区
Study area种植情况
Plant pattern土壤类型
Soil type坡度
Slope/%降雨强度
Rain intensity/(mm·h-1)拦截率
Intercept rate/%参考文献
Reference总氮
Total nitrogen总磷
Total phosphorus野古草
Arundinella anomala北京
Beijing植物篱，双行，株高71 cm
Hedge, double line, height 71 cm壤质黏土
Loam clay soil5～20 3.1～52 55 63 [4] 狼尾草
Pennisetum alopecuroide北京
Beijing植物篱，双行，株高95 cm
Hedge, double line, height 95 cm壤质黏土
Loam clay soil5～20 3.1～52 76 88 [4] 植物篱，双行，株高95 cm
Hedge, double line, height 95 cm5～20 10～100 50～68 51～61 [21] 植物篱，双行，株高71 cm
Hedge, double line, height 71 cm5～20 10～100 68 61 [31] 牛尾梢草
Festuca elatior美国
America植物篱，0.72 m宽
Hedge, width 0.72 m黄土 Yellow soil 8～16 64 38～40 52～60 [22] 香根草
Vetiveria zizanioides江西
Jiangxi植物篱，3行，行、株距均为15 cm
Hegde, three lines, plant spacing 15 cm红壤
Red soil6 − 69～90 − [11] 泰国北部
North of Thailand植物篱，25 cm × 75 cm
Hegde, 25 cm × 75 cm沙壤土
Silt loam soil21～28 − 27～32 − [14] 尼日利亚
Nigeria过滤带，30株，间距10 cm
Filter, 30 plant, spacing 10 cm淋溶土
Leaching soil7 − 12～36 21～38 [25] 肯尼亚
Kenya过滤带，行距10～20 cm
Filter, row spacing 10–20 cm粘壤土
Clay loam soil8 − 6 11 [26] 狼尾草
Pennisetum alopecuroides肯尼亚
Kenya过滤带，行距10～20 cm
Filter, row spacing 10～20 cm粘壤土
Clay loam soil8 − 45 54 [26] 马氏桔梗(树) + 雪球荚
(灌木) + 高羊茅(草)
Platanus hybrida (trees) + Viburnum opulus (shrubs) + Festuca arundinacea (grass)意大利北部
North-East Italy过滤带，5 m, 双行错栽, 中间种草
Filter, 5 m, two rows of regularly alternating plant, with grass in the inter-rows− − − 74 80 [29] 高羊茅 + 鸭茅
Festuca arundinacea+Dactylis glomerata− 过滤带，1.1%～4.3%的覆盖面积
Filter, 1.1%～4.3% covered沙壤
Silt soil5.5 − − 68～76 [30] 黑麦草
Lolium perenne浙江
Zhejiang过滤带，宽 5 m
Filter, width 5 m红壤
Red soil12.5 − 61 47 [32]
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表 4 植物篱及过滤带控制泥沙、营养物质流失的阈值
Table 4 The threshold of grass hedge and filter strip controlling sediment and nutrient erosion
参数
Parameter最佳取值
Optimal value泥沙最大拦截率
Maximum sediment interception rate/%磷最大拦截率
Maximum phosphorus interception rate/%参考文献
Reference植物篱生物量
Grass hedge biomass0.75 kg·m-2 达到最佳
Up to optimal effect− [15] 过滤带宽度
Filter strip width5 m 86 − [37, 47] >15 m − >60 [38] 22.4 m 90 − [45-46] 29 m − 100 [49] 过滤带覆盖度
Filter strip coverage70%～80% 达到临界值
Up to threshold− [50]
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