旱地大豆全膜微垄沟播技术的肥料效应

陈书珍; 刘广才; 周德录; 李城德; 王锡平; 李耀辉

doi:10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2017-0401

旱地大豆全膜微垄沟播技术的肥料效应

1.
甘肃省岷县农业技术推广站,甘肃岷县 748400
2.
甘肃省农业技术推广总站,甘肃兰州 730020
3.
甘肃省会宁县农业技术推广中心甘肃会宁 730799

基金项目:

&#x0201c

旱地大豆全膜覆盖降水高效利用关键技术研究与示范&#x0201d

项目(GNKJ-2013-35)

摘要: 全膜微垄沟播技术是我国北方旱作大豆(Glycine max)的一项抗旱高产栽培新技术,该技术的大面积推广应用对提高大豆产量、确保粮油安全具有极其重要的战略意义。采用多点田间小区试验研究了旱地大豆全膜微垄沟播技术的肥料效益。结果表明,全膜微垄沟播技术能显著提高旱地大豆肥料利用率和肥料利用效率。大豆氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别达到41.1%、25.0%和23.9%,较露地条播分别提高了7.3、6.7和4.9个百分点;氮、磷、钾肥料利用效率分别达到4.7、11.9和6.8 kg·kg-1,较露地条播分别增加了0.8、3.2和1.3 kg·kg-1,分别增长了20.5%、36.8%和23.6%。全膜微垄沟播技术能增强大豆对土壤养分的吸收利用能力,显著提高氮、磷、钾缺素区大豆的相对产量,从而降低氮、磷、钾施肥依从度。大豆氮、磷、钾缺素区相对产量分别达到79.1%、47.3%和88.7%,较露地条播分别增加了4.6、4.3和1.9个百分点;氮、磷、钾施肥依从度分别为20.9%、52.7%和11.3%,较露地条播分别降低了18.0%、7.5%和14.4%。由此可以得出,该技术在旱地大豆肥料高效利用方面取得了重大突破。

关键词:

English

Study on fertilizer effects of techniques of whole-plastic-film mulching on microridges and planting in catchment furrows of arid-land soybeans

1.
Minxian Agro-technical Extension Station, Minxian 748400, Gansu, China
2.
Gansu Agro-technical Extension Station, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
3.
Huining Agro-technical Extension Center, Huining 730799, Gansu, China

Received Date: 2017-08-11
Publish Date: 2018-06-19

Abstract: The techniques of whole-film mulching on microridges and planting in catchment furrows (WFMR) were new cultivation techniques for drought resistance and high yield for arid-land soybeans (Glycine max) in north China. Extensive extension of the techniques has important strategic significance to improve soybean yield and ensure food and oil sufficiency in China. Field plot experiments were employed to investigate fertilizer effects for the techniques of whole-plastic-film mulching on microridges and planting in catchment furrows of arid-land soybeans. The results showed that, compared with no-mulching cultivation (CK), the techniques of WFMR could increase fertilizer use rate remarkably, leading to average N, P, and K fertilizer use rates of 41.1%, 25.0%, and 23.9%, respectively, representing an increase by 7.3, 6.7, and 4.9 percentage points compared with CK. The techniques of WFMR could also increase soybean fertilizer use efficiency remarkably leading to average N, P, and K fertilizer use efficiency of 4.7, 11.9, and 6.8 kg·kg-1, respectively, an increase of 20.5%, 36.8%, and 23.6% compared with CK. The techniques of WFMR could improve the absorbing ability of soybeans to soil nutrients and increase the relative yield remarkably in nutritional deficiency zones, thus reducing the fertilization adherence of soybeans. Under the mode of WFMR, the average relative yield reached 79.1%, 47.3%, and 88.7% for N, P, and K fertilizer, respectively, being 4.6%, 4.3%, and 1.9% higher compared with CK. Under the treatment of WFMR, the average adherence degree was 20.9%, 52.7%, and 11.3%, respectively, for N, P, and K fertilizer decreased of 18.0%, 7.5%, and 14.4%, respectively, compared with CK. Therefore, it made a key breakthrough for highly efficient fertilizer use techniques in arid-land soybean.

Keywords:

arid-land soybean /
whole-plastic-film mulching on microridges /
planting in catchment furrows /
N /
P /
K fertilization

HTML全文

参考文献(58)

[1]	于振文.作物栽培学各论.北京:中国农业出版社,2003:264-291.
[1]	Yu Z W.The Theory of Crop Cultivation.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003:264-291.(in Chinese)
[2]	谢雄泽,藕冉,姜妍,王绍东,王浩.世界大豆需求与生产动向分析:PS & D Online 50年统计数据.大豆科技,2015(2):30-37.
[2]	Xie X Z,Ou R,Jiang Y,Wang S D,Wang H.A trends analysis of the demand and production of soybean in the world:Based on the statistical data from 50-year PS & D online.Soybean Science & Technology,2015(2):30-37.(in Chinese)
[3]	Zhao Y,Xie K Y,Wan J C,Zhang Y J.Development and prospects of ‘grain-forage supply’ in modern animal husbandry.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(3):653-660.(in Chinese)
[3]	赵云,谢开云,万江春,张英俊.粮草兼顾型畜牧业饲草料发展现状及展望.草业科学,2017,34(3):653-660.
[4]	Lu H Y,Li J.Evaluation of nutritional value of soybean straw as roughage.Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2010,46(3):36-37.(in Chinese)
[4]	卢焕玉,李杰.大豆秸秆作为粗饲料的营养价值评定.中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(3):36-37.
[5]	贾存辉,钱文熙,吐尔逊阿依·赛买提,敖维平,古力皮叶木·阿布都克然木.粗饲料营养价值指数及评定方法.草业科学,2017,34(2):415-427.
[5]	Jia C H,Qian W X,Tursunay·Samat,Ao W P,Gulpiya·Abdukirem.Roughage nutritional value evaluation indices and research methods.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(2):415-427.(in Chinese)
[6]	Lu D K,Sun J,Zhai G Y,Jiang H X.Nutritive value comparison among straw from different generations of hybrid offspring.Pratacultural Science,2012,29(6):950-954.(in Chinese)
[6]	卢道宽,孙娟,翟桂玉,姜慧新.野生大豆与栽培大豆杂交后代秸秆营养品质研究.草业科学,2012,29(6):950-954.
[7]	周少平,谭广洋,沈禹颖,南志标,高崇岳,杨晶.保护性耕作下陇东春玉米-冬小麦-夏大豆轮作系统土壤水分动态及水分利用效率.草业科学,2008,25(7):69-76.
[7]	Zhou S P,Tan G Y,Shen Y Y,Nan Z B,Gao C Y,Yang J.Dynamics of soil water and water use efficiency within maize-winter wheat-soybean rotation under different tillage treatments in the Longdong Loess Plateau.Pratacultural Science,2008,25(7):69-76.(in Chinese)
[8]	He S W,Mao Y L,Wu D L,Zhu X Q.Eco-economic efficiency of soybean-pea intercropping system.Pratacultural Science,2000,17(3):23-27.(in Chinese)
[8]	何世炜,毛玉林,武得礼,朱祥清.大豆、豌豆间作种植模式的生态经济效益研究.草业科学,2000,17(3):23-27.
[9]	张振华,刘志民.我国大豆供需现状与未来十年预测分析.大豆科技,2009(4):16-21.
[9]	Zhang Z H,Liu Z M.Supply and demand situation of soybean in China and forecast analysis in the next ten years.Soybean Science & Technology,2009(4):16-21.(in Chinese)
[10]	周德录,李城德.发展甘肃大豆产业的思考与建议.甘肃农业,2014(15):4-6.
[10]	Zhou D L,Li C D.Thoughts and suggestions on the development of soybean industry in Gansu.Gansu Agriculture,2014(15):4-6.(in Chinese)
[11]	刘广才,马彦,刘生学,张小红.旱地大豆全膜微垄沟播栽培技术规程.甘肃农业科技,2014(7):56-57.
[11]	Liu G C,Ma Y,Liu S X,Zhang X H.Cultivation techniques of whole film mulching on micro-ridges and planting in catchment furrows of dryland soybean.Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,2014(7):56-57.(in Chinese)
[12]	Dong Z.Yield Physiology of Soybean.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2012:73-74.(in Chinese)
[12]	董钻.大豆产量生理.北京:中国农业出版社,2012:73-74.
[13]	Lyu X L,Fu Q S.Nutrient requirement characteristics and fertilization of soybean.Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2010(10):121.(in Chinese)
[13]	吕显龙,付青山.大豆营养需求特点与施肥.黑龙江科技信息,2010(10):121.
[14]	Wang Q.Research progress of soybean efficient fertilization technology.Farm Science and Technology,2011(3):30.(in Chinese)
[14]	王强.大豆高效施肥技术研究进展综述.农家科技,2011(3):30.
[15]	Ma S H.Study on optimum application amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in soybean.Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2009,13(10):47-49.(in Chinese)
[15]	马庶晗. 大豆氮、磷、钾肥最佳施用量研究.河北农业科学,2009,13(10):47-49.
[16]	Sun G L,Xia Y S,Zhang Z Y.Study and application of formula fertilization on soybean.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2007,38(3):527-530.(in Chinese)
[16]	孙广林,夏永胜,张中原.关于大豆配方施肥的研究与应用.土壤通报,2007,38(3):527-530.
[17]	Yang Y,Zhang C Z.Experimental study on “3414” fertilizer effect of soybean.Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2010(5):33.(in Chinese)
[17]	杨勇,张春芝.大豆“3414”肥料效应试验研究.现代农业科技,2010(5):33.
[18]	Shao Y B,Liu M N,Zhu H W.Study on fertilizer effect of soil testing and formulated fertilization in Soybean.Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2008(23):185-186.(in Chinese)
[18]	邵彦宾,刘美娜,朱红伟.大豆测土配方施肥肥料效应研究.现代农业科技,2008(23):185-186.
[19]	范荣,杜霄,白宏鹏.旱地大豆全膜覆土穴播最佳施肥量试验总结.农业科技与信息,2012(15):6-7.
[19]	Fan R,Du X,Bai H P.Experimental summary of optimum fertilizer amount on the techniques of whole plastic-film mulching combined with soil overlying and bunch planting of dryland soybean.Agricultural Science and Technology and Information,2012(15):6-7.(in Chinese)
[20]	任亮,任稳江.旱地全膜覆土平作穴播大豆配方施肥试验研究.现代农业科技,2013(4):36,40.
[20]	Ren L,Ren W J.Experimental study on formula fertilization for dryland soybean planting in all membrane covering soil flat.Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2013(4):36,40.(in Chinese)
[21]	陈其鲜. 大豆全膜双垄沟播关键技术及其保水增温效应研究.北京:中国农业科学院硕士学位论文,2013.
[21]	Chen Q X.Research on soybean whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows technique and water retention and warming effect.Master Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2013.(in Chinese)
[22]	Li L X,Liu G C,Yang Q Y,Zhao X W,Zhu Y Y.Research and application development for the techniques of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows of dry land.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2009,27(1):114-118.(in Chinese)
[22]	李来祥,刘广才,杨祁峰,赵小文,朱永永.甘肃省旱地全膜双垄沟播技术研究与应用进展.干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(1):114-118.
[23]	Liu G C,Yang Q F,Li L X,Duan R Q,Zhu Y Y.Effects of yield-increasing on techniques of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows of dry-land maize.Research of Agricultural Modernization,2009,30(6):739-743.(in Chinese)
[23]	刘广才,杨祁峰,李来祥,段禳全,朱永永.旱地玉米全膜双垄沟播技术增产效果研究.农业现代化研究,2009,30(6):739-743.
[24]	Li C X,Feng H S,Guo W C,Pei J M,Wu M L.The yield of sweet sorghum and soil nutrient after planting with multiple cropping,completely mulched and double furrow in Qinghai dryland.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(9):1530-1535.(in Chinese)
[24]	李春喜,冯海生,郭万春,裴剑民,武玫玲.青海旱作全膜双垄沟播甜高粱和复种产量及土壤养分含量.草业科学,2015,32(9):1530-1535.
[25]	Duan R Q,Liu G C,Wang F S.The fertilizer effects of full plastic-film mulching overlying soil and bunch planting of dryland hulless oat.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(10):2003-2008.(in Chinese)
[25]	段禳全,刘广才,王凤山.旱地莜麦全膜覆土穴播技术肥料效应.草业科学,2014,31(10):2003-2008.
[26]	郭振斌,刘广才,李诚德,高应平.旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播技术肥料效应研究.干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(4):163-168,255.
[26]	Guo Z B,Liu G C,Li C D,Gao Y P.Fertilizer effects of whole plastic-film mulching combined with soil overlying and bunch planting of dry-land wheat.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2014,32(4):163-168,255.(in Chinese)
[27]	Shi Z F,Dun J B,Yin Q,Lei Z C,Lyu P Z.Effects of plastic film mulching model on dryland soybean in East Gansu.Chinese Seed,2012(7):44-45.(in Chinese)
[27]	史志峰,段进宝,尹强,雷宗昌,吕培泽.覆膜模式对陇东旱地大豆的影响初报.中国种业,2012(7):44-45.
[28]	王闯,强世军,翟富民.旱地大豆全膜覆盖覆膜模式试验研究.中国农业信息,2013(1):60-61.
[28]	Wang C,Qiang S J,Zhai H M.Experimental study on full film mulching model of dryland soybean.Chinese Agricultural Information,2013(1):60-61.(in Chinese)
[29]	Deng X F.reliminary reports on the experiment of film mulching mode of dryland soybean in Pingliang City Kongtong District.PGansu Agricultural Science and Technology,2015(9):71-73.(in Chinese)
[29]	邓晓奋. 平凉市崆峒区旱地大豆起垄覆膜方式试验初报.甘肃农业科技,2015(9):71-73.

资源附件(0)

计量

PDF下载量: 13
文章访问数: 884
HTML全文浏览量: 112
被引次数: 0

旱地大豆全膜微垄沟播技术的肥料效应

English

Study on fertilizer effects of techniques of whole-plastic-film mulching on microridges and planting in catchment furrows of arid-land soybeans

计量

文章相关

目录