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采煤沉陷区苦草的生物学特性及其竞争机制

张玉云, 万阳, 田焕新, 刘靓靓, 周忠泽

张玉云, 万阳, 田焕新, 刘靓靓, 周忠泽. 采煤沉陷区苦草的生物学特性及其竞争机制[J]. 草业科学, 2015, 9(12): 2028-2036. DOI: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0215
引用本文: 张玉云, 万阳, 田焕新, 刘靓靓, 周忠泽. 采煤沉陷区苦草的生物学特性及其竞争机制[J]. 草业科学, 2015, 9(12): 2028-2036. DOI: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0215
Yu-yun ZHANG, Yang WAN, Huan-xin TIAN, Jing-jing LIU, Zhong-ze ZHOU. Biological traits and competition mechanism of Vallisneria natans in the mining subsidence area[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 9(12): 2028-2036. DOI: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0215
Citation: Yu-yun ZHANG, Yang WAN, Huan-xin TIAN, Jing-jing LIU, Zhong-ze ZHOU. Biological traits and competition mechanism of Vallisneria natans in the mining subsidence area[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 9(12): 2028-2036. DOI: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0215

采煤沉陷区苦草的生物学特性及其竞争机制

基金项目: 

国家科技支撑计划&#x02014

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两淮煤矿沉陷区生态环境综合治理关键技术的集成与示范(2012BAC10B02)

摘要: 采煤活动所致的动态沉陷湿地具有动态性、高潜水位和生态脆弱性等特点,探明此类人工重构湿地的水生植物群落的生物学特性及其竞争机制,有助于为采煤沉陷区湿地水生植物群落修复提供科学依据。本研究以淮南潘集区人工构建的苦草群落(Ass. Vallisneria natans)为例,采用样方调查法,研究苦草的生物学特性及其与其他水生植物的竞争机制。结果表明,1)沉陷区苦草的生物学特性与浅水湖泊较一致。主要表现在苦草的繁殖方式、传粉方式、生活史方面,但研究区苦草以有性繁殖为主。2)沉陷区苦草能与以种子萌发形成的水烛群丛(Ass. Typha angustifolia)共生,但生物量低;在与形成两年以上的水烛群丛竞争中处于劣势,在水烛群丛盖度达到90%时苦草逐渐消失。3)沉陷区苦草在与浮叶植物莕菜群丛(Ass. Nymphoides peltatum)、苹群丛(Ass. Marsilea quadrifolia)竞争中处于弱势,其盖度、株高、生物量等指标都明显下降。4)沉陷区苦草在与沉水植物竹叶眼子菜群丛(Ass. Potamogeton malaianus)竞争中处于劣势,苦草与沉水植物黑藻群丛(Ass. Hydrilla verticillata)、狐尾藻群丛(Ass. Myriophyllum verticillatum)、大茨藻群丛(Ass. Najas marina)、金鱼藻群丛(Ass. Ceratophyllum demersum)占据不同水层空间,种间竞争不强烈,能较好地共存。总之,苦草较之于相似生长型的植物具有较明显的竞争优势,对于具有不同生活型,尤其是挺水植物和浮叶植物,处于竞争劣势。

 

English

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  • 收稿日期:  2015-04-13
  • 发布日期:  2015-12-19

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