辉河国家级自然保护区土地覆盖与景观格局变化分析
摘要:
土地覆盖和景观格局变化是研究自然保护区生态环境变化的重要依据。本研究利用辉河自然保护区1995―2010年4期的土地覆盖数据,运用GIS技术结合动态度和转移矩阵模型对该区的土地覆盖变化进行了分析。在此基础上,选择平均斑块面积、聚合度等景观指数对其景观格局变化进行了研究。结果表明,高覆盖草地和沼泽地是辉河自然保护区的主要土地覆盖类型,且在1995―2010年间均呈减少趋势,分别减少了397.38和35.29 km2;从景观格局来看,1995―2010年间占自然保护区主体的高覆盖草地和沼泽地的各项景观指数均降低,其中沼泽地平均斑块面积和平均形状指数降低程度最大。从时间跨度来看,1995―2004年是自然保护区土地覆盖和景观格局变化的主要时段,而2004年后各项指标变化程度趋于稳定,说明辉河保护区晋升为国家级自然保护区后,随着管护力度的加大,保护区内草地和湿地的退化情况得到了有效改善。
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