假臭草幼苗生长对水氮耦合效应的响应

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钟军弟, 莫小云, 刘金祥. 假臭草幼苗生长对水氮耦合效应的响应. 草业科学, 2018,35(7): 1670-1678
Zhong Jun-di, Mo Xiao-yun, Liu Jin-xiang. Growth response of Praxelis clematidea seedlings to water and nitrogen coupling . Pratacultural Science, 2018,35(7): 1670-1678. 复制到剪切板

Doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2018-0043
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《草业科学》编辑部

假臭草幼苗生长对水氮耦合效应的响应

钟军弟, 莫小云, 刘金祥

岭南师范学院生命科学与技术学院,广东湛江 524048

通讯作者:刘金祥(1964-),男,陕西凤翔人,教授,博士,主要从事生态学与草业科学的教学研究工作。E-mail:lightlong@163.com

第一作者:钟军弟(1980-),男,广东遂溪人,硕士,实验师,主要从事植物学与植物生态学研究。E-mail:jundi2001@163.com

收稿日期: 2018-01-19 接受日期: 2018-03-23

资助项目: 广东省省级科技计划项目(2016A040402046); 湛江市财政资金科技专项竞争性分配项目(2015A030160); 岭南师范学院校级培育项目(YL1502); 岭南师范学院协同创新中心项目(CIL1503)

摘要

为揭示入侵植物假臭草( Praxelis clematidea)幼苗生长对不同水、氮养分耦合模式的响应机制,探讨其与入侵性的关系,以假臭草为供试材料,设计3个供水量水平、4个供氮量水平共12个处理,比较假臭草的形态、生物量分配和叶绿素含量等生长指标对不同水氮耦合效应的可塑性反应。结果显示,假臭草幼苗生长受水氮耦合影响显著( P<0.05),在适宜水分和养分条件,如中水中氮处理(沙土饱和含水量60%~70%,供水量60 mL·kg^-1,供氮量0.30 g·kg^-1)处理下,假臭草幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、总根长度和根表面积等根、茎、叶形态指标表现较好,生物量积累较多,植株生长较好。低水处理(沙土饱和含水量30%~40%,供水量30 mL·kg^-1)和高水处理(沙土饱和含水量90%~100%,供水量90 mL·kg^-1)的各个氮含量处理的假臭草植株的各项根、茎、叶形态及生物量指标均差于中水处理。假臭草叶绿素对氮素较为敏感,随着氮素增加其积累量也相应增多。研究结果表明,假臭草入侵植物喜好一定的水、氮环境,过多或不足的水分或养分则不利于假臭草的生长发育,但仍有一定的分布,这与其入侵性密切相关。

关键词: 水氮耦合; 假臭草; 形态特征; 生物量分配; 幼苗生长

中图分类号:S543⁺.901;Q945.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-0629(2018)07-1670-09

Growth response of Praxelis clematidea seedlings to water and nitrogen coupling

Zhong Jun-di, Mo Xiao-yun, Liu Jin-xiang

School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, Guangdong, China

Corresponding author:Liu Jin-xiang E-mail:lightlong@163.com

Abstract

The response mechanism of invasive species of Praxelis clematidea seedling growth to different water and nitrogen (WN) coupling models were investigated by determining the relationship between WN and bio-invasion. This experiment incorporated three irrigation levels and four levels of nitrogen, for a total of 12 processes to study the coupling effect of different WN processing on P. clematidea parameters including morphological, biomass and chlorophyll content. P. clematidea seedlings were significantly affected by the WN coupling ( P<0.05). The seedlings grew better with higher root, stem and leaf morphological indexes, such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, total root length and root surface area, and more biomass accumulation under suitable moisture and nutrient conditions, such as treatment with the intermediate level of WN (saturated sand water content 60%~70%, water supply 60 mL·kg^-1, nitrogen supply 0.30 g·kg^-1). P. clematidea seedlings exposed to each nitrogen treatment coupled with low level of water (saturated sand water content 30%~40%, water supply 30 mL·kg^-1) or high level of water (saturated sand water content 90%~100%, water supply 90 mL·kg^-1) displayed lower root, stem and leaf morphological indexes and less biomass accumulation than the corresponding nitrogen treatment coupled with the intermediate level of water. Leaf chlorophyll content of P. clematidea was more sensitive to nitrogen, which increased with the increase of nitrogen. We can draw the conclusion that P. clematidea easily invades an environment with a certain content of WN, but has more restricted distribution in an environment with excessive or insufficient water or nutrients, which is closely related to its invasion.

Key words: water and nitrogen coupling; Praxelis clematidea; morphological characteristics; biomass allocation; seedling growth

文章图片

假臭草(Praxelis clematidea)又名猫腥菊, 是隶属菊科(Compositae)泽兰属的一年生草本植物。假臭草原产于南美, 主要分布于阿根廷、巴西以及南美洲其他一些国家, 现散布于东半球热带地区。在我国主要发生于华南地区, 如广泛分布在广东、福建、澳门、台湾、海南等沿海地区^[1]。假臭草常形成高0.3~1.0 m的浓密植丛, 具有菊科外来物种繁殖率高、生长发育快、果实量大、成熟早及极强适应能力等特性^{[2, 3]}。由于假臭草对土壤肥力、水等生态因子的吸收力强, 对土壤养分消耗极大, 严重破坏土壤的可耕性, 给栽培草地、农田、果园、幼龄椰子园及幼龄橡胶园造成较严重的危害^{[4, 5]}, 因此, 其不仅对当地农业经济造成损失, 而且对当地生物多样性造成潜在的威胁。另外, 它还能分泌一种有毒且具恶臭的物质, 影响家畜觅食, 影响农业生产和人类健康^[6]。目前, 假臭草已成为华南地区危害最为严重的有害入侵杂草之一^{[7, 8]}。因此, 对假臭草进行有效的防控已经成为急需解决的问题。

水分和氮素在植物形态特征、根系生理功能及生物量分配等方面具有重要影响, 是控制植物生长发育及生物量积累的两个关键因素, 且二者之间存在显著的耦合效应^{[9, 10]}。近年来, 随着经济的发展, 工业的废气、废水排放及化肥的利用等人类活动造成大量的氮素进入水体和土壤^{[11, 12]}, 使得自然生态系统的氮素含量升高。而外来入侵植物假臭草是如何适应水氮环境变化, 水体和土壤中氮素水平的增加是否加强其进一步入侵等科学问题值得研究。为此, 通过盆栽控制试验, 研究水氮耦合对假臭草幼苗生长的形态、根系特征及生物量分配等方面的影响, 以期了解假臭草对水氮环境资源的响应机制及可塑性, 为入侵植物假臭草防控提供理论参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试材与设计

1.1.1 供试材料供试材料为大棚育苗获得的假臭草幼苗, 株高为(7.0± 0.21) cm, 茎粗为(0.7± 0.05) cm。2016年5月, 在学院实验大棚内将野外采集的假臭草种子种在装有相同土质的塑料盆内进行育苗。待幼苗长至约7 cm高时选取具有相似株高和基茎的植株洗净, 移植到装有相同沙土的塑料盆内(内径25 cm、底径21 cm、高28 cm)每盆移苗1株, 经3 d定苗后供试验备用。

供试土壤为经洗刷、风干、灭菌后的沙土, 即将采回的河沙过2 mm筛、用蒸馏水淋洗后晒干, 在120 ℃下烘4 h以灭菌及除去土壤中残存的种子。沙土最大田间持水量为14.5%, pH 5.9, 有机质4.5 g· kg^-1, 有效氮28.5 mg· kg^-1, 有效磷5.3 mg· kg^-1, 有效钾12.3 mg· kg^-1。

本试验所供氮肥为尿素CO(NH₂)₂, 由阳煤集团淄博齐鲁第一化肥有限公司生产, 含氮量为46.67%, 每隔7 d供加一次氮肥, 分两次供给, 并采用称重法控制水分, 每隔2 d供水一次, 直到7月30日收苗。

1.1.2 试验方法试验于2016年5月至6月在湛江市赤坎区岭南师范学院中进行, 试验设供氮量(N)和供水量(W)双因素处理, 当地作物施氮水平在0.25~0.45 g· kg^-1, 据此将氮素处理设置4个水平, 分别为:不供氮处理(N₀=0 g· kg^-1, )、低氮(N₁=0.15 g· kg^-1)、中氮 (N₂=0.30 g· kg^-1), 高氮 (N₃=0.45 g· kg^-1)。试验沙土的饱和含水量为95 mL· kg^-1, 据此, 将供水量处理设置3个水平, 分别为:低水(沙土饱和含水量30%~40%, W₁=30 mL· kg^-1), 中水(沙土饱和含水量60%~70%, W₂=60 mL· kg^-1), 高水(沙土饱和含水量90%~100%, W₃=90 mL· kg^-1)。试验采用完全随机区组设计, 共设12个处理, 每个处理10个重复(表1)。

表1 试验处理 Table 1 Experimental treatments

1.2 测定指标与测定方法

1.2.1 生长参数测量测定各处理植株的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、叶面积等。测定各植株的根、茎、叶等不同部位的生物量鲜重和干重, 以及总根长度、根表面积、根体积和根平均直径等。

每隔一段时间用卷尺测量各植株的株高、叶长和叶宽, 游标卡尺测量茎粗, 并记录数据; 在收苗后将各植株的根、茎、叶等不同部位称量鲜重, 再分别放入烘箱, 在105 ℃下杀青30 min, 再在75 ℃烘干至恒重, 然后取出称重, 即为根、茎、叶的干重, 并记录数据。

各处理随机选取20片叶子经扫描仪扫描处理成JPEG文件, 用Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件处理扫描图像, 计算叶子叶面积^{[13, 14]}。各处理随机剪取10株植株的根系, 经0.5%甲基蓝染色, 扫描仪扫描后利用WinRHIZOPro 2009b根系分析系统软件 (Regent Instruments Canada Inc.) 进行根系图像分析, 得到假臭草根系的总根长度、根表面积、根体积和根平均直径等根系参数^[15]。

1.2.2 叶绿素含量测定采用乙醇-丙酮混合提取法测定^[16]并计算叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)含量及总叶绿素含量(Chl), 总叶绿素含量=叶绿素a含量+叶绿素b含量。

1.3 数据处理

采用SPSS 19.0软件的One-way ANOVA方法对数据进行统计分析和用LSD对数据进行多重比较, 用Excel进行图表统计分析。

2 结果分析

2.1 不同水氮供应对假臭草幼苗形态指标的影响

对不同水氮处理对假臭草的形态生长状况进行比较(表2), 结果发现, 假臭草幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽和叶面积在中水中氮(W₂N₂)时表现最高, 分别为23.20 cm、2.00 mm、4.97 cm、2.73 cm和12.12cm², 并随着水分或供氮量的增加或减少而呈下降的趋势, 这说明假臭草幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶子长、宽和叶面积受水分和土壤养分的影响, 适宜的水分和养分条件下, 假臭草幼苗生长较好, 植株表现较为高大, 叶子表现较为长和宽, 不足或过多的养分和水分条件下, 假臭草幼苗的生长较差, 植株表现为较矮小, 叶子表现较为窄小。另外, 假臭草的叶子数在水氮耦合条件下无显著变化(P> 0.05), 反映叶子数受环境影响较小。

表2 不同水氮处理对假臭草幼苗的形态特征 Table 2 Characteristics of Praxelis clematidea seedlings in different water and nitrogen

2.2 不同水氮供应对假臭草幼苗根系特征的影响

假臭草根系的各项参数随不同水氮条件变化趋势相似(表3), 在低水(W₁)、中水(W₂)和高水(W₃)条件下, 根系参数随氮量的增加先增加后减少, 即说明总根长、根表面积、根体积和根平均直径之间是相互联系、相互影响的。以总根长为例, 在中水(W₂)条件下, 中氮(N₂)处理的假臭草总根长最长, 为231.81 cm, 比不加氮(N₀)、低氮(N₁)和高氮(N₃)处理分别增加181.19%、29.84%和151.69%, 可见, 假臭草总根长随着氮量的增加先增长后减短, 表明一定量的氮素可促进假臭草根系的生长, 过多或过少则不利于根系的生长。另外, 高氮(N₃)处理的假臭草总根长92.10 cm, 较不加氮(N₀)处理长, 但两者无显著差异(P> 0.05), 说明假臭草根系对高氮养分的有效利用率较低。

表3 不同水氮处理下假臭草幼苗根系特征 Table 3 Characteristics of Praxelis clematidea seedlings root in different water nitrogen

不同水分含量对根系生长发育也有一定的影响(表3)。各氮处理的假臭草总根长度、根表面积、根体积和根平均直径均随水分量的增加先增长或大后减短或小, 说明一定量的水分可促进假臭草根系的生长, 过多或过少则不利于根系的生长。供水量为60 mL· kg^-1, 氮养分量为0.30 g· kg^-1时, 各根系参数均为最长或最大, 说明中水中氮(W₂N₂)为假臭草根系的最适生长条件。

2.3 不同水氮供应对假臭草幼苗生物量分配的影响

对各处理下假臭草的总生物量及物质分配进行分析(表4)可见, 供氮处理对植株总生物量影响明显, 各水分处理下的N₀、N₁和N₂处理假臭草植株总生物量均随着供氮量的增加明显增加, 但在N₃处理时则表现为下降趋势。中水中氮(W₂N₂)处理下假臭草植株的总生物量最大, 显著高于其他所有处理(P< 0.05)。这说明假臭草的总生物量受水分含量及土壤养分的影响, 适宜的水分和养分条件下, 植株生长较好, 生物量积累较多, 养分和水分不足或过多均不利于假臭草的生长, 生物量积累较少。

表4 不同水氮处理下假臭草幼苗的生物量分配 Table 4 Biomass of Praxelis clematidea seedlings in different water and nitrogen

在W₁条件下, 茎、叶生物量的低氮和不加氮处理间无显著差异 (P> 0.05)。随着供水量的增加, 低氮(N₁)处理下假臭草植株的茎、叶生物量较高氮(N₃)处理下的大, 生长较好, 中氮(N₂)时达到最好, 说明假臭草茎、叶生物量的积累也受到水分及土壤养分的影响。根生物量随着水分和氮养分含量的增加呈先升高后下降趋势, 说明一定量的水分和氮素促进根物质的生长, 过高养分反而抑制根物质的积累。根冠比则随着氮含量的增加而增加, 说明氮素的增加促进物质向地上部分分配, 而减少对地下部分的物质投入。

生物量是反映植物对环境资源响应最直观的指标。研究环境因子对植物生物量积累的影响对了解植物对环境因子适应机制及可塑性具有重要意义^[17]。为了能够定量地分析不同水氮处理对假臭草植株总生物量的影响, 对不同的水氮供应与总生物量之间关系做回归分析:

y=-5.694× 10^-5 ${x_{1}}^{2}$ -2.296 ${x_{2}}^{2}$ +0.007x₁+0.969x₂-0.017。 (1)

式中:y为总生物量(g); x₁为各处理的水分含量(mL· kg^-1); x₂为各处理的供氮含量(g· kg^-1)。

F检验结果表明, 该式能较好地表达假臭草植株水氮供应与总生物量之间的关系(P< 0.05)。对式(1)绘图表达(图1)并求偏导发现, 当水分和氮养分含量分别为61.47 mL· kg^-1和0.21 g· kg^-1时, 假臭草幼苗总生物量达到最大, 为0.30 g。假臭草植株总生物量随水分和氮含量的增加而增加, 但水分和氮含量超过其峰值时, 总生物量反而会减少, 说明一定量的水氮能促进假臭草幼苗的生长, 过多或不足的水分和养分则会抑制假臭草幼苗生长。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图1 假臭草幼苗总生物量与水氮供应相关关系Fig. 1 Relationship between total biomass of Praxelis clematidea seedlings and water-nitrogen supply

2.4 不同水氮供应对假臭草幼苗叶绿素含量的影响

叶绿素为叶绿体中主要的色素成分之一, 在光能的吸收、传递和转换中承担无比重要的作用, 叶绿素含量的多少直接影响着其光合作用的进行。本研究中, 3个水分条件下, 随着氮含量的增加, 假臭草幼苗叶片叶绿素含量中的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量均增大; 与不供氮处理相比, 所有供氮处理在不同供水量条件下, 总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量均增加。但整个生长过程中, 不同处理之间假臭草幼苗总叶绿素含量存在显著差异(P< 0.05), 随着氮含量的增加, 表现为W₂N₃> W₃N₃> W₃N₂> W₂N₂> W₁N₃> W₁N₂> W₂N₁> W₃N₁> W₁N₁(表5)。

表5 不同水氮处理下假臭草的叶绿素含量 Table 5 Chlorophyll content of Praxelis clematidea in different water and nitrogen

以总叶绿素含量为例, 在各个水分处理中, 总叶绿素随着氮含量增加而增加, 在中水(W₂)处理下, 高氮(N₃)处理的假臭草总叶绿素含量比不加氮处理(N₀)增加139.68%, 中氮(N₂)比低氮(N₁)增加25.52%。对比不加氮处理(N₀), 随着水分含量的增加, 各处理下假臭草幼苗叶绿素无显著差异(P> 0.05), 说明氮素有利于假臭草幼苗叶绿素的增加, 假臭草适应高养分的条件, 吸收氮素促进叶绿素的形成和积累(表5)。

3 讨论与结论

水分和养分是影响植物正常生长发育的两个关键因素。水分是植物体内良好的生理溶剂, 也是运输代谢产物的重要途径, 而养分则能为植物提供必需的营养元素^[18]。有研究表明, 过多或不足水分和养分氮含量都可能会改变植物植株的株高、基茎粗及叶面积等形态指标, 影响其地上部分的生长及生物量^[19]。根系是植物吸收水分和氮素的主要器官^[20], 合理的灌水和施氮条件能促使根系充分吸收土壤中的水氮, 改变植物形态生长状况, 对植物的生长发育具有重要意义^[21]。刘世全等^[21]研究表明, 不足或过多的水分会使得土壤通气性较差, 进而抑制根系呼吸, 降低根系吸收水分和养分的活力。而适当的氮素供应能够提高苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)根系体积和活力, 有利于根系对水分和养分的吸收, 但过高或过低都将降低苎麻的根系体积和活力^[22]。孙誉育等^[9]研究提出, 在一定水分含量范围内, 氮肥降低了土壤水分溶质势, 增加了植物根系吸收水分的难度, 减少对地下和地上部分营养物质的供应, 影响植物的生长发育。本研究结果表明, 假臭草幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶子长、宽和叶面积等形态指标及总根长、根表面积、根体积等根系指标均受水分和和土壤养分的影响, 适宜的水分和养分(中水、中氮)条件下, 假臭草幼苗生长较好, 根系较为发达, 植株表现较为高大, 叶子表现较为长和宽, 根、茎、叶各器官生物量及总生物量表现较高。不足或过多的养分或水分条件下假臭草幼苗的生长较差, 植株表现为较矮小, 叶子表现较为窄小, 根、茎、叶各器官生物量及总生物量表现较低。这主要是因为合理的水分和养分条件能促进了假臭草根系对水分和养分的最大有效性吸收, 促进植株的生长发育, 因而假臭草植株的各形态和根系指标表现较好, 根、茎、叶各器官生物量及总生物量表现较高。不足或过多的水分都会使得土壤通气性较差, 假臭草根系呼吸受抑制, 根系活力降低, 根系对水分和养分的吸收受到一定的限制, 从而影响了假臭草的生长, 因而假臭草植株的各形态和根系指标表现较差, 根、茎、叶各器官生物量及总生物量表现较低。另外, 过高的氮含量降低了土壤水分溶质势, 增加了假臭草根系吸收水分的难度, 减少对地下和地上部分营养物质的供应, 影响假臭草植株生长, 植株的各形态和根系指标表现较差, 根、茎、叶各器官生物量及总生物量表现较低。由此可见, 假臭草生长发育受到了水氮耦合的显著影响, 在适宜的水氮条件下生长较好, 植株较为高大、粗壮, 生物量积累较多, 过多或过少的水氮条件则生长较差, 植株较为矮小, 生物量积累较少。

氮素是植物体内叶绿素、蛋白质、核酸和部分激素的重要组成部分, 是影响植物正常生长发育的重要营养元素^{[23, 24]}。叶绿素为叶绿体内参与光合作用的重要光合色素^{[24, 25]}, 氮素通过影响叶绿素的含量和稳定性调控植物的光合作用及有机物合成, 影响植物的生长发育^[26]。水分处理对植物光合作用的影响是多方面的, 其可以直接导致光合片层结构异常, 同时也影响光合色素的含量^{[27, 28]}。焦娟玉等^[29]研究表明, 氮素能通过促进麻疯树(Jatropha carcas)叶片叶绿素的合成提高叶片捕获光能的能力, 进而增强光合作用的效率及增加干物质的积累。Amy等^[30]也认为, 氮素可通过直接影响植物体内叶绿素和可溶性蛋白水平及光合酶类的合成与活性, 调节光合及光呼吸作用。本研究表明, 各水分条件下, 随着氮含量的增加, 假臭草幼苗叶片中的叶绿素含量升高, 这与Yin等^[31]的研究结果一致, 这是因为, 在水分条件一定的情况下, 氮素含量的升高有助于增加叶绿素的稳定性和含量, 从而增强假臭草植株叶片的净光合速率, 促进植株的健壮生长, 因而高氮环境下假臭草植株叶片叶绿素含量较高。

假臭草对水分和养分的耦合效应表现较强的可塑性。在适宜水分、养分条件下假臭草植株生长良好, 株高和茎粗等各项形态及生物量指标均表现较良好的生长状况, 在水分(W≤ 30 mL· kg^-1)或养分(N≤ 0.15 g· kg^-1)极度胁迫环境下, 假臭草植株各项形态及生物量指标较低, 生长表现较差, 但仍有一定的分布, 说明假臭草对逆境具有一定的耐受能力和适应能力, 这可能是假臭草能成功入侵干旱、贫瘠生境的原因之一。

(责任编辑王芳)

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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2014

0.0

黎丽倩, 李妮亚, 刘强. 入侵海南和广东的外来植物假臭草遗传多样性的ISSR分析. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33(3): 611-617.

Li L

, Li N

, Liu

. Genetic diversity of the invasive plant Eupatorium catarium populations in Hainan Island and Guangdong of China based on ISSR analysis. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2014, 33(3): 611-617. (in Chinese)

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to analyze genetic diversity and differentiation in eight populations of invasive plant species  Eupatorium catarium  Veldkamp distributed in Guangdong and Hainan in Southern China. Ten ISSR primers used in this study produced 98 loci, of which 9.8 were polymorphic. At the species level, the percentage of polymorphic loci ( P ) was 100%, Shannon’s information index ( I ) 0.4440 and Nei’s gene diversity ( h ) 0.2916, indicating high genetic diversity in  E. catarium . Based on Nei’s  G st  value, 72.39% of genetic variance was among individuals within population, 27.61% among populations. Gene flow among populations was 1.3107. Average genetic similarity of the eight populations was 0.8828, while average genetic distance was 0.1257. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis separated the eight populations into three groups. The six populations of Haikou, Danzhou, Qiongzhong, Sanya, Heshan and Yangjiang were clustered into one group, and Qionghai and Xuwen populations were clustered into two independent groups, respectively. The Mantel test suggested that there was no significant correlation between the genetic distance and geographic distance of the eight  E. catarium  populations, thus it was likely that the spread of the invasive species in the studied regions was mainly attributed to the events of humanmediated longdistance dispersals of seeds or propagules.

采用ISSR分子标记技术分析了入侵植物假臭草( Eupatorium catarium  Veldkamp) 分布在广东和海南的8个种群的遗传多样性及遗传分化。10个引物共扩增出98个位点，多态性位点有9.8条，多态位点百分率为100%，Shannon信息指数( I ) 为0.4440，Nei指数( h ) 为0.2916，假臭草在物种水平具有较高的遗传多样性。Nei遗传分化系数 G st 表明：72.39%遗传变异分布在种群内，27.61%的遗传变异分布在种群间。种群间的基因流较高，为1.3107。假臭草8个种群之间的遗传相似性很高，平均为0.8828；遗传距离较大，平均为0.1257。利用UPGMA法对8个种群进行聚类分析，假臭草8个自然种群分为3大类：海口、儋州、琼中、三亚、鹤山、阳江聚为一大类，琼海、徐闻各自单独为一类。经Mantel检验，8个假臭草种群的遗传距离和地理距离相关性不显著，推测假臭草的入侵途径可能是以人为扩散为主。

... 在我国主要发生于华南地区,如广泛分布在广东、福建、澳门、台湾、海南等沿海地区^[1] ...

2005

0.0

朱世新, 覃海宁, 陈艺林. 中国菊科植物外来种概述. 广西植物, 2005, 25(1): 69-76.

Zhu S

, Qin H

, Chen Y

. Alien species of compositae in China. Guihaia, 2005, 25(1): 69-76. (in Chinese)

... 0 m的浓密植丛,具有菊科外来物种繁殖率高、生长发育快、果实量大、成熟早及极强适应能力等特性^[2,3] ...

2002

0.0

... 0 m的浓密植丛,具有菊科外来物种繁殖率高、生长发育快、果实量大、成熟早及极强适应能力等特性^[2,3] ...

2015

0.0

罗炘武, 刘吉峰, 刘强, 阮长林. 海南及粤西热带地区外来入侵植物假臭草的群落及生境调查. 草地学报, 2015, 23(6): 1167-1177.

Luo X

, Liu J

, Liu

, Ruan C

. A Survey of communities and habitats of an invasive plant species Eupatorium catarium in the tropical regions of Hainan and western Guangdong Provinces. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2015, 23(6): 1167-1177. (in Chinese)

摘　要：通过调查海南岛及粤西热带地区8个样区3种生境（荒地、林缘、林中）的假臭草（Eupatorium catarium）群落物种、群落特征、环境条件,研究了不同样区及不同生境类型下假臭草群落的组成、群落特征及与环境条件的关系。结果表明：假臭草群落中共有50科117属132种植物,以禾本科、菊科居多;其中外来入侵植物有27种,占总物种数的20.45%,以菊科最多达到9种。不同样区假臭草的重要值均为最大,大多数样区之间盖度没有差异,仅儋州显著大于鹤山,高度差异显著。不同生境之间的假臭草重要值大小为：荒地〉林中〉林缘,盖度为：荒地〉（林中、林缘）,高度为：荒地〉林缘〉林中。同一样区不同生境之间的比较中,假臭草盖度除阳江、徐闻、琼海无差异外,其余样区均差异显著;高度除海口、琼中、三亚无差异外,其余样区均差异显著。不同样区中假臭草的高度与土壤温度呈显著正相关,重要值与年降雨量呈显著负相关;不同生境下,荒地和林缘生境下的假臭草高度均与土壤温度呈显著正相关,荒地生境下盖度与土壤水分呈极显著正相关,林中生境下其盖度与土壤NaCl含量呈负相关,重要值与光照强度呈显著正相关。因此假臭草容易入侵气温以及降雨量适宜的样区和强光照及水分充足的生境。

... 由于假臭草对土壤肥力、水等生态因子的吸收力强,对土壤养分消耗极大,严重破坏土壤的可耕性,给栽培草地、农田、果园、幼龄椰子园及幼龄橡胶园造成较严重的危害^[4,5],因此,其不仅对当地农业经济造成损失,而且对当地生物多样性造成潜在的威胁 ...

2016

0.0

全国明, 代亭亭, 章家恩, 徐嘉琳. 假臭草入侵对土壤养分与微生物群落功能多样性的影响. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(11): 2883-2889.

Quan G

, Dai T

, Zhang J

, Xu J

. Impacts of Praxelis clematidea invasion on soil nutrient and microbiological characteristics. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016, 35(11): 2883-2889. (in Chinese)

Praxelis clematidea  is one of the nastiest invasive exotic weeds in southern China and poses lots of serious threats to biodiversity, agricultural production and ecological security of native ecosystems. In order to explore impacts of  P. clematidea  invasion (with an invasion period of 4 to 5 years) on soil ecosystem, we investigated the changes of soil chemical and microbiological properties, including soil nutrient, soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activity, and metabolic activity, carbon substrate utilization and function diversity of soil microbial community from invaded and native sites in Hainan Island using field plot experiments. The results showed that compared with the native bush sites, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen and available potassium were significantly decreased while the content of total potassium was significantly increased in the P. clematidea  invasion sites. However, there was no significant difference in the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus between the invaded and native sites. Soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as the activities of soil urease, protease, invertase and hydrogen peroxidase in the invaded sites were significantly lower than those in the native bush sites, while the activity of soil cellulase was significantly increased by the P. clematidea  invasion. Functional diversity of soil microbial community, calculated from the average well color development (AWCD) of 31 carbon sources in a Biolog EcoPlate, was significantly decreased by the P. clematidea  invasion. Compared with the native bush sites, AWCD, microbial utilization efficiency of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, McIntosh index ( U ), and richness index ( S ) of soil microbial community were significantly decreased, while Pielou index ( E ) was significantly increased in the P. clematidea  invasion sites. There was no significant difference in Shannon’s index ( H ) and Simpson’s dominance index ( D s ) between the invaded and native sites. Our results suggested that  P. clematidea  invasion could consume enormous soil nutrients and cause soil degradation in the invaded region.

假臭草（ Praxelis clematidea ）是华南地区的主要外来入侵杂草之一，已对当地的生物多样性、农业生产和生态安全造成严重威胁。采用野外样方法研究了假臭草入侵（入侵年限4～5年）对土壤养分、土壤微生物生物量、土壤酶活性以及土壤微生物群落代谢活性、碳源利用特征与功能多样性的影响。结果表明，与土著灌木丛对照区相比，假臭草入侵使土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量显著降低，全磷、速效磷含量的变化不明显，但全钾含量显著上升；土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷显著下降；土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性亦显著降低，但土壤纤维素酶活性显著增加；假臭草入侵显著降低土壤微生物群落的功能多样性，平均孔颜色变化率（AWCD）、碳水化合物和羧酸类碳源的利用率以及土壤微生物群落的McIntosh指数（ U ）、丰富度指数（ S ）显著下降，Pielou均匀度指数（ E ）则显著上升，但两处理间的Shannon指数（ H ）、Simpson优势度指数（ D s ）的差异不明显。这说明假臭草入侵造成土壤养分的大量损耗，土壤酶活性与土壤微生物群落功能多样性降低，土壤质量下降。

2011

0.0

王宁, 汤丽昌, 杨先会, 邓世明. 外来入侵植物假臭草化学成分的研究. 草业科学, 2011, 28(10): 1882-1887.

Wang

, Tang L

, Yang X

, Deng S

. Chemical constituents of Eupatorium catarium as an alien invasive plant. Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(10): 1882-1887. (in Chinese)

As an alien invasive plant, Eupatorium catarium is paid attention to due to its ecological and economic impacts in China．The column chromatograph technology was used to determine the chemical constituents of E.catarium for providing useful information for reutilization of this alien invasive plant. In this study, 10 chemical constituents were isolated from E.catarium, and they were identified as quercetin（Ⅰ）、3Omethylquercetin（Ⅱ）、luteolin（Ⅲ）、apigenin（Ⅳ）、7,4′dihydroxy5,6dimethoxyflavone(Ⅴ)、caffeic acid（Ⅵ）、friedelin(Ⅶ)、24ethyl5αcholesta722(E)dien3one（Ⅷ）、Stigmasterol(Ⅸ) 、βsitosterol(Ⅹ) by their physicochemical property and spectroscopic features. All these compounds were firstly isolated from the species and the compoundⅡ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅷ were also firstly separated from Eupatorium genus. Except for compound V and compound Ⅷ, the other 8 compounds showed a utilizable value in medicine and agriculture, these would provide basic data for developing E.catarium products with high valueadded products.

外来入侵杂草假臭草(Eupatorium catarium)对我国生态和经济的影响已备受关注，国内相关研究也日益增多，但对其化学成分的研究还比较少。通过对假臭草化学成分的分析，为资源化利用该外来入侵植物提供理论依据。采用柱色谱从外来入侵植物假臭草全草的70％乙醇提取物中分离纯化得到10个化合物，根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据分析，经文献对照鉴定其结构分别为槲皮素（Ⅰ）、3甲氧基槲皮素（Ⅱ）、木犀草素（Ⅲ）、芹菜素（Ⅳ）、7，4′二羟基5，6二甲氧基黄酮(Ⅴ)、咖啡酸（Ⅵ）、木栓酮(Ⅶ)、24乙基Δ7,22胆甾二烯3酮（Ⅷ）、豆甾醇（Ⅸ）、β谷甾醇（Ⅹ）。所有化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到；化合物Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅷ为首次从该属植物中分离得到；除Ⅴ和Ⅷ外其他8种化合物，均具有医学和农业等方面利用价值。这为假臭草开发成高附加值产品提供了基础研究资料。

... 另外,它还能分泌一种有毒且具恶臭的物质,影响家畜觅食,影响农业生产和人类健康^[6] ...

2014

0.0

钟军弟, 徐意媚, 曾富华, 刘晚苟, 陈燕, 刘金祥. 不同生境下假臭草生长特征分析. 广西植物, 2014, 34(1): 68-73.

Zhong J

, Xu Y

, Zeng F

, Liu W

, Chen

. Analysis on the growth characteristics of Eupatorium catarium in different types of habitats. Guihaia, 2014, 34(1): 68-73. (in Chinese)

... 目前,假臭草已成为华南地区危害最为严重的有害入侵杂草之一^[7,8] ...

2013

0.0

王奇志, 黄敏, 陈振玺, 邱宠华, 龙瑞敏. 入侵植物假臭草ITS序列分析. 热带作物学报, 2013, 34(11): 2233-2238.

Wang Q

, Huang

, Chen Zhen

, Qiu C

, Long R

. ITS sequence analysis of invasive plant Praxelis clematidea. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2013, 34(11): 2233-2238. (in Chinese)

... 目前,假臭草已成为华南地区危害最为严重的有害入侵杂草之一^[7,8] ...

2015

0.0

孙誉育, 唐波, 尹春英, 贺合亮, 刘庆. 水氮耦合效应对红桦幼苗生长的影响及其生理机制. 应用与环境生物学报, 2015, 21(4): 710-716.

Sun Y

, Tang

, Yin C

, He H

, Liu

. Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on growth of Betual albo-sinensis seedlings and its physiological mechanism. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2015, 21(4): 710-716. (in Chinese)

摘　要：在全球大气氮沉降日益加剧的背景下，研究川西亚高山地区主要阔叶树种红桦（Betual albo-sinensis）幼苗在不同水、氮供应下的形态变化和生理机制，以了解该区主要植被的生长特性，并可为森林生态系统的恢复重建提供一定的科学依据. 采用两因素随机区组试验设计，设置5个水分梯度，即40%（W1）、50%（W2）、60%（W3）、80%（W4）、100%（W5）的土壤田间持水量（FC）和3个施氮梯度，即模拟氮沉降施加N 0（N0）、20（N1）、40（N2）g m-2 a-1的硝酸铵. 结果显示：土壤水分和氮素及二者交互作用对生长和生理特征均具有显著（P 〈 0.001）影响. 表现为：1）幼苗生长（株高和基径）、叶片碳同化特征（最大净光合速率、叶绿素含量和叶片氮含量）及根系生理特征[呼吸速率、NH4＋和NO3-净吸收速率及根系硝酸还原酶（NR）活性]均随土壤水分增加而增大，且在土壤水分为W4和W5时达到最大. 根冠比的变化呈相反趋势. 2）施氮在土壤水分不足（W1和W2）时除对基径、NO3-净吸收速率和NR活性无影响外，显著抑制了红桦株高及叶片和根系生理特征. 而在水分充足（W4和W5）时，除N2在土壤水分W4时对叶片生理特征和根系呼吸速率无影响外，对红桦的生长和根系生理特征有显著的促进作用，且N1效果更显著. 在W3时两种施氮浓度效果不同：N1对红桦的生长和相关生理特性具有促进作用而N2呈抑制作用（除对根系NH4＋和NO3-净吸收速率及NR活性无影响外）. 根冠比变化呈相反趋势. 3）根系离子（NH4＋和NO3-）净吸收速率与根系呼吸速率和叶片氮含量呈极显著正相关. 本研究表明，土壤水分和氮素供应对植物的影响存在显著的耦合效应，当土壤水分不足时施氮不利于红桦幼苗生长，而适量的施氮在水分充足时有利于生长. 对于供试土壤以及本试验设置的水、氮梯度而言，土17

... 水分和氮素在植物形态特征、根系生理功能及生物量分配等方面具有重要影响,是控制植物生长发育及生物量积累的两个关键因素,且二者之间存在显著的耦合效应^[9,10] ...

... 孙誉育等^[9]研究提出,在一定水分含量范围内,氮肥降低了土壤水分溶质势,增加了植物根系吸收水分的难度,减少对地下和地上部分营养物质的供应,影响植物的生长发育 ...

2009

0.0

2014

0.0

张汪寿, 李叙勇, 杜新忠, 郝韶楠. 流域人类活动净氮输入量的估算、不确定性及影响因素. 生态学报, 2014, 34(24): 7454-7464.

Zhang W

, Li X

, Du X

, He S

. Accounting methods, uncertainties and influential factors of net anthropogenic nitrogen input (NANI). Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(24): 7454-7464. (in Chinese)

... 近年来,随着经济的发展,工业的废气、废水排放及化肥的利用等人类活动造成大量的氮素进入水体和土壤^[11,12],使得自然生态系统的氮素含量升高 ...

2012

0.0

... 近年来,随着经济的发展,工业的废气、废水排放及化肥的利用等人类活动造成大量的氮素进入水体和土壤^[11,12],使得自然生态系统的氮素含量升高 ...

2012

0.0

李永华, 吴波, 卢琦, 靳占虎, 刘殿军, 张金鑫. 白刺叶片形态变化对叶片δ¹³C的影响. 林业科学, 2012, 48(3): 25-30.

Li Y

, Wu

, Lu

, Le Z

, Liu D

, Zhang J

. Variation in leaf shapes of nitraria species and effect on leaf δ¹³C. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2012, 48(3): 25-30. (in Chinese)

Leaf shapes are not only useful indicators in plant taxonomy, but also important factors affecting energy and material exchange in leaves. In this paper, we collected and scanned the leaves of Nitraria tangutorum in Dengkou and Minqin and N.sphaerocarpa in Dunhuang, and then analyzed leaf shape parameters with Image-Pro Plus6.0 image processing software and leaf δ 13 C values in the isotope laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Forestry. The result showed that: 1) as leaf area increased with increasing water availability the increases in the leaf length and width were asynchronously. 2) with the same leaf width, the leaves of N. tangutorum and N. sphaerocarpa were significantly longer in high water available conditions. 3) although there were significantly differences in water availability between Dengkou and Minqin, as well as between the bottom and middle of the alluvial fan near the East Lake in Dunhuang, the leaf δ 13 C values of N. tangutorum or N. sphaerocarpa were similar in different water conditions ( P >0.05). Our results suggested that the ratio of leaf perimeter to area would be an important factor which linked leaf shape to plant water physiology. During growing procedure of leaf area, leaf length increase was prior to its width to alleviate the reduction in ratio of perimeter to area and maintain water use efficiency of the plant.

1. Institute of Desertification Studies, CAF Beijing 100091;2. Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration Beijing 100091

选取磴口、民勤唐古特白刺,敦煌东湖附近洪积扇中部、底部生长的泡泡刺为研究对象,通过叶片扫描与Image-Pro Plus6.0图像处理软件分析获得叶片形态参数(长、宽、周长和面积),应用同位素分析获得叶片 δ 13 C值。结果表明: 随着水分有效性的增加,白刺叶片面积具有增加趋势,叶片面积在增加过程中,叶片长、宽增幅具有非同步性; 相同叶片宽度,生长于水分条件较好地区的唐古特白刺和泡泡刺叶片更长。虽然磴口、民勤及敦煌东湖附近洪积扇中部、底部水分环境存在较大的差异,但生长于这些区域的唐古特白刺及泡泡刺叶片δ 13 C值的差异不显著( P >0.05)。叶片周长/面积比是连接叶片形态变化与植物水分生理的重要因子; 白刺叶面积增加过程中,叶片长度的优先增加有利于减缓周长/面积比的下降速率,从而使白刺保持较高的水分利用效率。

... 0软件处理扫描图像,计算叶子叶面积^[13,14] ...

2014

0.0

... 0软件处理扫描图像,计算叶子叶面积^[13,14] ...

2015

0.0

刘晚苟, 李良贤, 谢海容, 何泳怡, 刘金祥. 土壤容重对野生香根草幼苗根系形态及其生物量的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(4): 214-220.

Liu W

, Li L

, Xie H

, He Y

, Liu J

. Effect of soil bulk density on root morphology and biomass of vetiver grass seedlings. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(4): 214-220. (in Chinese)

Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) has an extensive root system and is consequently used worldwide for water and soil conservation.However, soil compaction resulting in high soil bulk density negatively influences root growth. In order to understand the adaptation of vetiver grass to soil compaction, the effects of soil of different bulk density, 1.20 g/cm 3 (D 1.20 ), 1.35 g/cm 3 (D 1.35 ) and 1.58 g/cm 3 (D 1.58 ), on the root morphology and biomass of vetiver seedlings were investigated using soil columns. The results showed that shoot and root dry weight, root:shoot ratio, root surface area, root length density and root volume density decreased with increasing bulk density, but that average root diameter increased. High bulk density influenced the spatial distribution of roots; more roots grew in the upper (0-6 cm) and lower (18-24 cm) soil horizons under the D 1.20 and D 1.35 treatments, suggesting that vetiver typically produces a deep root system but that root growth is inhibited by high soil bulk density, confining roots to the upper soil horizon (0-6 cm). The average root diameter in the D 1.20 and D 1.35 treatments decreased but increased in D 1.58 with increasing soil depth. It is concluded that vetiver grass could tolerate moderately compacted soil.

香根草因其具有发达的根系而被许多国家用于水土保持，但紧实土壤影响根系的生长，而土壤容重与土壤紧实度密切相关。为了掌握粤西野生香根草对紧实土壤的适应状况，用人工土柱研究了容重分别为1.20 g/cm 3 (D 1.20 )、1.35 g/cm 3 (D 1.35 )和1.58 g/cm 3 (D 1.58 )的土壤对其根系形态和生物量的影响。结果表明：1）随容重增大，根系和地上部生物量下降，根冠比降低，植株的根表面积、根长密度和根体积密度减小，而平均根直径增大。2）容重影响根系的空间分布，D 1.20 和D 1.35 处理的根系在上、下层分布较多，中间层分布少，表明粤西野生香根草具有深根型特性；高容重阻止根向下延伸，D 1.58 处理的根系主要分布0～6 cm的土层内。3）D 1.20 和D 1.35 土壤的平均根直径随土层加深减小，而D 1.58 的则增加。本实验结果说明粤西野生香根草能耐较紧实（D 1.35 ）的土壤，高紧实土壤（D 1.58 ）虽然限制其生长，但对表土层根系的分布影响小。并就容重对粤西野生香根草固土护坡的影响进行了讨论。

... ) 进行根系图像分析,得到假臭草根系的总根长度、根表面积、根体积和根平均直径等根系参数^[15] ...

2015

0.0

曾晓琳, 王大伟, 刘金平, 王思思, 范宣. 坡向对3种冷季型草坪草表观性状及叶绿素含量的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 32(11): 1823-1831.

Zeng X

, Wang D

, Liu J

, Wang S

, Fan

. Effects of slope aspect on apparent traits and chlorophyll content of three cool season turf species. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(11): 1823-1831. (in Chinese)

In order to analyze the effects of slope aspect on apparent traits and chlorophyll content of three cool season turf species, three cool season turf species, including Festuca arundinacea , Lolium perenne , Poa pratensis , were mix-sowed for slope protection in the semi-shady slope, shady slope and sunny slope and the density, height, coverage, leaf traits and chlorophyll content of each species were determined during the young turf period, mature turf period and one year after mature turf period. The results showed that slope aspect had significant effects ( P <0.05) on the height, density, coverage of three species in all of the three periods and the effects increased with the turf growth. Slope aspect had very significant effects ( P <0.01) on the turf community density during young turf period and total coverage and density of turf community during mature turf and one year after mature turf. The effects of slope aspects decreased in the following order: semi-shady slope>shady slope>sunny slope, and the effects on turf community decreased in the following order: mature turf >one year after mature turf>young turf. The slope aspect had significant effect ( P <0.05) on leaf areas and root-shoot ratios of all three tested species, and had very significant effects ( P <0.01) on root length and tiller number whereas the interactions of slope aspect and species only had significant effects on root length. Both slope aspects and the interaction of slope aspect and specieshad very significant effects ( P <0.01) on contents of the Chl a, Chl b and Chl (a+b) for all three tested species, however, the slope aspects only had significant effect on Chl a/b ( P <0.05) and the interaction of slope aspect and species had no effects on Chl a/b. The three tested species had different performance on these three slope aspects which showed that F. arundinacea performed well, but P. pratensis performed worse on three kinds of slope, L. perenne only performed well on the shady slope. Therefore, the optimal turf species and appropriate management should be selected based on the slope aspect and micro environment to improve ecological benefits and landscape effects.

以3个坡向的冷季型混播护坡草坪为研究对象,分别于幼坪期、成坪期、建成1年后,通过测定高羊茅( Festuca arundinacea )、黑麦草( Lolium perenne )和草地早熟禾( Poa pratensis )密度、高度、盖度、茎叶性状及叶绿素含量,分析坡向对3种草坪草生长及表观性状影响的差异。结果表明:1)坡向对3个时期3种草的株高、密度和盖度均有显著影响( P <0.05),且随时间推移影响越来越大。2)坡向对幼坪期草坪群落密度有极显著影响( P <0.01),对成坪期和建成1年后草坪群落总盖度和密度均有极显著影响( P <0.01),受影响时期大小顺序为成坪期>建成1年后>幼坪期,受影响坡向大小顺序为半阴坡(EN)>阴坡(WN)>阳坡(WS)。3)坡向对3种草叶面积、根冠比有显著影响( P <0.05),对根长、分蘖数有极显著影响( P <0.01),坡向与草种互作(AS×S)仅对根长有显著影响。4)坡向对3种草Chl a、Chl b、Chl (a+b) 有极显著影响( P <0.01),对Chl a/b有显著影响( P <0.05);坡向与草种互作对Chl a、Chl b、Chl (a+b)有极显著影响( P <0.01),而对Chl a/b无影响( P >0.05)。5)高羊茅在3个坡向草坪生长良好,黑麦草仅在阴坡表现较好,草地早熟禾在3个坡向生长均较差。所以,边坡草坪建植时,要依据坡向微环境进行草种与建植养护技术的选择,以提高草坪的生态效益与景观价值。

... 2 叶绿素含量测定采用乙醇-丙酮混合提取法测定^[16]并计算叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)含量及总叶绿素含量(Chl),总叶绿素含量=叶绿素a含量+叶绿素b含量 ...

2017

0.0

王满莲, 文香英, 韦霄, 蒋运生, 柴胜丰, 唐辉. 施氮对三个南方珍稀树种幼苗生长和生物量分配的影响. 广西植物, 2017, 37(1): 127-133.

Wang M

, Wen X

, Wei

, Jiang Y

, Chai S

, Tang

. Effects of nitrogen addition on seedling growth and biomass allocation of three rare tree species inthe south of China. Guihaia, 2017, 37(1): 127-133. (in Chinese)

摘　要：为了探讨珍稀树种对短期氮素添加的响应,该文研究了氮素添加（0、0.1、0.2、0.4和0.6g·kg^-1土）对观光木、棱角山矾和半枫荷幼苗生长和生物量分配的影响。结果表明：3个树种幼苗对外源氮素添加的反应不同,施氮显著促进观光木幼苗株高、基径、冠幅以及全株生物量和各部分生物量的增加,中低氮促进半枫荷幼苗的生长,但高氮抑制其生长;少量施氮对棱角山矾幼苗的形态和生物量参数没有产生显著影响,中量施氮抑制其生长。氮素营养的改变显著影响3种植物幼苗的生物量分配,观光木幼苗的根生物量比和根冠比均随施氮量的增加而显著降低;除高氮处理外,半枫荷幼苗的根生物量比和根冠比均随供氮量的增加而显著升高;棱角山矾的根生物量比和根冠比均随供氮量的增加而显著升高,可能与施氮抑制其茎叶的生长有关。总的来看,观光木幼苗更能耐受高氮条件,半枫荷幼苗次之,而棱角山矾幼苗不耐高氮;但到当年生长季末,各氮处理半枫荷幼苗的株高、基径和总相对生长速率均显著大于其它两种植物。

... 研究环境因子对植物生物量积累的影响对了解植物对环境因子适应机制及可塑性具有重要意义^[17] ...

2017

0.0

郝琨, 刘小刚, 张岩, 韩志慧, 余宁, 杨启良, 刘艳伟. 干旱胁迫-复水与氮肥耦合对小粒咖啡生长和水氮生产力的影响. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(12): 4034-4042.

Hao

, Liu X

, Zhang

, Han Z

, Yu

, Yang Q

, Liu Y

. Coupling effects of periodic rewatering after drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on growth and water and nitrogen productivity of Coffea arabica. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(12): 4034-4042. (in Chinese)

... 水分是植物体内良好的生理溶剂,也是运输代谢产物的重要途径,而养分则能为植物提供必需的营养元素^[18] ...

2015

0.0

... 有研究表明,过多或不足水分和养分氮含量都可能会改变植物植株的株高、基茎粗及叶面积等形态指标,影响其地上部分的生长及生物量^[19] ...

2016

0.0

张瑞群, 马晓东, 吕豪豪. 多枝柽柳幼苗生长及其根系解剖结构对水盐胁迫的响应. 草业科学, 2016, 33(6): 1164-1173.

Zhang R

, Ma X

, Lyu H

. Response of growth and anatomical structure of roots of Tamarix ramosissima seedlings to salinity and water stress. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(6): 1164-1173. (in Chinese)

摘　要：本研究以塔里木河下游本土优势灌木多枝柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）为研究对象,采用单因素盆栽控制试验,设置不同水分梯度（CK,75%FWC;D1,55%FWC;D2,35%FWC;D3,15%FWC;D4,水淹）,不同盐分梯度（CK,基底盐的0.02%;轻盐胁迫S1,基底盐的0.2%;中盐胁迫S2,基底盐的0.5%;中高盐胁迫S3,基底盐的0.8%;高盐胁迫S4,基底盐的1.5%）,研究水、盐胁迫对多枝柽柳幼苗生长、根系显微及超微结构的影响。结果表明,1）水分胁迫中,水淹处理60d后显著增加了幼苗株高、冠幅、生物量的积累（P〈0.05）,株高相对增长率、冠幅相对增长率分别是CK的1.9和0.9倍。盐胁迫下,随着盐浓度的增高,多枝柽柳幼苗的株高、冠幅相对增长率及生物量减小,S3处理下幼苗生物量显著下降83.42%（P〈0.05）。2）盐胁迫下,随着盐浓度的增加根木质部导管孔径降低,S3处理组较对照组显著降低了64.15%（P〈0.05）,导管密度显著高于CK（P〈0.05）;水分胁迫下导管孔径和密度呈相反趋势。3）水、盐胁迫下,根细胞超微结构白色体中淀粉粒都有不同程度的肿胀变形,并伴有大量囊泡的产生。盐胁迫下细胞器有解体现象,中高盐胁迫S3下,白色体中淀粉粒膨大,膜破裂解体,细胞核核膜消失,而水分胁迫中未见解体现象,说明盐胁迫对多枝柽柳幼苗的影响大于水分胁迫。

... 根系是植物吸收水分和氮素的主要器官^[20],合理的灌水和施氮条件能促使根系充分吸收土壤中的水氮,改变植物形态生长状况,对植物的生长发育具有重要意义^[21] ...

2014

0.0

刘世全, 曹红霞, 张建青, 胡笑涛. 不同水氮供应对小南瓜根系生长、产量和水氮利用效率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(7): 1362-1371.

Liu S

, Cao H

, Zhang J

, Hu X

. Effects of different water and nitrogen supplies on root growth, yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of small Pumpkin. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(7): 1362-1371. (in Chinese)

【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical support for improving the yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of vegetable crops in view of the questions of irrigation and nitrogen irrationally in the vegetable greenhouse for semiarid northwest area, the responsive mechanism of root growth and distribution to water and nitrogen supply was studied under the different levels of water and nitrogen treatment by the way of exploring the effects of water and nitrogen supply on crop root, yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency.【Method】 The field experiment was conducted with different N-rate and irrigation treatments. Small pumpkin “Jintong” was chosen as a test cultivar. The treatments consist of three different irrigation levels (W3, 1 500 m3•hm-2; W2, 1 100 m3•hm-2; W1, 700 m3•hm-2) and three different nitrogen rate levels (N3, 350 kg•hm-2; N2, 250 kg•hm-2; N1, 150 kg•hm-2). There were 9 treatments in total with randomized block design to study the effects of different water and nitrogen supplies on root growth, yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of small pumpkin. 【Result】 There are 90% of total root length were concentrated in the 0-40 cm soil layer, the root length density decreased exponentially when the soil layer increased. The root length, yield, water use efficiency (WUE) increased with the improvement of N-rate, and decreased by more nitrogen application at the W1 and W2 irrigation level, but the root length increased with increase of N-rate and there were no significant difference in the yield of small pumpkin at the W3 irrigation level. Compared to N3 treatment, the root length, yield and WUE increased with the increase of irrigation amount, they decreased when the irrigation amount was more than 1 100 m3•hm-2. WUE decreased with the increase of irrigation amount and it reached the highest value (35.59 kg•m-3) in W1N2 treatment. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) decreased significantly with the increase of N-rate when the irrigation amount was at W2 and W3 levels, and NUE of N1 and N2 treatment increased significantly compared to N3 treatment. The order of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer effect on total root length of small pumpkin was nitrogen, water, water and nitrogen interactions. The root length of diameter less than 2 mm presented the parabola trend when N-rate and irrigation increased, and had a better linear regression with the yield of pumpkin. A significant linear relationship between yield and root surface area and the root length of root with the diameter less than 2 mm.【Conclusion】Less or more irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer could reduce the yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency and the characteristic parameters of the roots of small pumpkin. The highest values of yield and characteristic parameters of the roots of small pumpkin were obtained when N-rate and irrigation water amount were 1 100 m3•hm-2 and 250 kg•hm-2, respectively. The water and nitrogen treatments were through the way of root length of root with the diameter less than 2 mm to improve the yield of small pumpkin. It was concluded that the optimal pattern of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization is that the irrigation water amount and N-rate are 1 100 m3•hm-2 and 250 kg•hm-2, respectively.

【目的】针对西北半干旱区温室蔬菜灌水施氮不合理等问题，通过不同灌水施氮水平处理，探讨作物根系生长与分布、产量和水氮高效利用与水氮供应的关系，揭示根系生长分布对灌水施氮模式的响应机制，为提高蔬菜作物产量和水氮利用效率提供科学依据。【方法】采用不同施氮灌水处理的田间试验，以“金童”小南瓜为供试作物，设置3个总灌水量水平：常规灌水（高水W3、1 500 m3•hm-2）、常规灌水减27%（中水W2、1 100 m3•hm-2）、常规灌水减54%（低水W1、700 m3•hm-2）和3个施氮量水平：常规施氮（高氮N3，350 kg•hm-2）、常规施氮减28.5%（中氮N2，250 kg•hm-2）、常规施氮减57%（低氮N1，150 kg•hm-2），试验采用完全随机区组设计，共9个处理，研究膜下滴灌不同水氮供应对温室小南瓜根系生长分布、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。【结果】小南瓜90%根系主要集中在0—40 cm土层，且随土层深度的增加，根系密度呈指数下降；当灌水量相同时，低水（W1）和中水（W2）处理根系长度、产量、水分利用效率（WUE）均随施氮量的增加先增加后减少，而高水（W3）处理根系长度随施氮量的增加而增加，不同施氮量处理小南瓜产量差异不显著；与高氮（N3）处理相比，低氮（N1）和中氮（N2）处理小南瓜根系长度、产量随灌水量增加而增加，当灌水量超过1 100 m3•hm-2时，小南瓜根系长度和产量均有所下降；随着灌水量增多，水分利用效率亦显著下降，低水中氮（W1N2）处理水分利用效率最高，为35.59 kg•m-3；灌水量较高（W2和W3）时，氮素利用率（NUE）均随施氮量增加而显著降低，灌水量较低（W1）时，低氮和中氮处理氮素利用率显著高于高氮处理；灌水和施氮对小南瓜总根长作用表现为：氮素作用＞水分作用＞水氮交互作用；细根（直径小于2 mm根系）根长随灌水量和施氮量增加呈抛物线型变化；小南瓜产量与细根根长和根表面积之间均有显著的线性关系。【结论】灌水和施氮过高或过低均可以导致小南瓜产量、水氮利用效率以及根系各项特征参数显著降低，中水中氮（W2N2）处理小南瓜产量和根系各项特征参数均达到最大值;不同水氮处理主要通过对细根根长的影响进而影响小南瓜的产量。综合考虑产量、水氮利用效率以及根系生长分布，灌水量为1 100 m3•hm-2、施氮量为250 kg•hm-2为小南瓜较优的灌水施氮组合。

... 刘世全等^[21]研究表明,不足或过多的水分会使得土壤通气性较差,进而抑制根系呼吸,降低根系吸收水分和养分的活力 ...

2017

0.0

陈继康, 谭龙涛, 喻春明, 朱爱国, 陈平, 王延周, 朱涛涛, 熊和平. 氮素水平对不同氮效率基因型苎麻根系性状的影响. 草业科学, 2017, 34(11): 2316-2324.

Chen J

, Tan L

, Yu C

, Zhu A

, Chen

, Wang Y

, Zhu T

, Xiong H

. Effects of nitrogen levels on root characteristics of ramie genotypes possessing different nitrogen recovery efficiency. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(11): 2316-2324. (in Chinese)

摘　要：根系是苎麻（Boehmeria nivea）吸收氮素的主要器官,开展苎麻根系对不同氮素水平的响应研究对其品种改良和农艺调控具有重要意义。针对以往研究的不足,本研究设置了0、6、9、12和15 mmol·L^-1氮素水平处理进行盆栽试验,分析了不同氮效率苎麻根系性状对氮素水平的响应特征,及其与氮素利用效率的关系。结果表明,增施氮素可显著提高苎麻根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积及比表面积（P〈0.05）,但对根长影响不显著（P〉0.05）。增施氮肥可显著促进苎麻根系体积与活力的增长,其中氮高效基因型苎麻H2000-03根系体积在12mmol·L^-1处理时达到最大,为未施处理的3.06倍,氮低效基因型苎麻册亨家麻根系体积在9mmol·L^-1时达到最大,为未施处理的2.38倍;而过量施氮则会导致指标下降,其中旺长期册亨家麻根系活力下降达67.5%。各性状的综合表现导致苎麻氮素回收率在9mmol·L^-1时达到最大值。氮高效苎麻H2000-03较氮低效苎麻册亨家麻具有显著较高的根长、根系体积、总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积,且能够随生长发育维持较高水平。但二者根系比表面积和根系活力没有显著差异,是其根系性状改良的重点。影响苎麻氮素回收率、地上部氮素累积量的关键时期为生长中后期,且关键因素为根量及根系表面特性。

... 而适当的氮素供应能够提高苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)根系体积和活力,有利于根系对水分和养分的吸收,但过高或过低都将降低苎麻的根系体积和活力^[22] ...

2016

0.0

洪丕征, 刘世荣, 王晖, 于浩龙. 正常和环割条件下不同形态氮素添加对红椎幼苗光合特性的影响. 生态学报, 2016, 36(14): 4485-4495.

Hong P

, Liu S

, Wang

, Yu H

. Effects of different nitrogen forms on foliar photosynthetic characteristics of Castanopsis hystrix seedlings under ungirdled and girdled conditions. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(14): 4485-4495. (in Chinese)

The effects of carbohydrate supply, available nitrogen forms, and their interactions on the photosynthetic characteristics of Castanopsis hystrix seedlings were examined through manipulated pot experiments and phloem girdling. Three inorganic nitrogen sources (ammonia nitrate, AN; ammonium chloride, NH 4 + -N; and potassium nitrate; NO 3 - -N) and three organic nitrogen sources (Urea; arginine, Arg; and glycine, Gly), were applied at identical rates of 10g/m 2 for a 10d treatment. The carbohydrate supply, N forms, and their interactions had significant effects on the foliar net photosynthetic rate ( Pn ) of C. hystrix seedlings. Single girdling treatment significantly decreased leaf Pn , leaf stomatal conductance ( Gs ), leaf intercellular CO 2 concentration ( Ci ), leaf transpiration rate ( Tr ), relative chlorophyll content (RCC), and CO 2 use efficiency (CUE) of test seedlings, but it enhanced the leaf stomatal limitation values, as well as water use efficiency (WUE). The decreased Pn was mainly caused by leaf stomatal limitation, and reduction of foliar RCC. For non-girdling seedlings of C. hystrix , all treatments with N addition significantly decreased foliar Pn , Gs , Ci , and Tr , but increased foliar WUE and leaf stomatal limitation values. This is mainly due to stomatal limitation caused by high N loading. Moreover, all treatments with N addition significantly increased leaf CUE, except for the Arg addition treatment. In addition, the strongest stimulation effect on leaf CUE was caused by Gly addition. Correlation analysis indicated that Gs and Tr demonstrated significant correlations with leaf Pn , while Ci and RCC showed relatively weak correlations with leaf Pn . Additions of three organic N forms significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of the single girdling treatment on Pn of C. hystrix seedlings, with the most mitigated effect resulting from Arg addition. Due to the intense inhibitory effect of the single girdling treatment, the foliar Pn recovered to the control level upon Arg addition l, whereas all types of inorganic N additions did not have a significantly positive effect on the girdling-induced inhibition of Pn . Our results indicate that inhibition of carbohydrate supply could lead to reduction of the photosynthetic capacity of C. hystrix seedlings, while these inhibitory effects can be mitigated by organic N supply, such as Arg, Gly, and Urea, of which Arg had the greatest impact.

采用盆栽试验和韧皮部环割方法研究了碳水化合物供应、氮素形态及其交互作用对红椎幼苗叶片光合特性的影响。无机氮源采用硝酸铵（AN）、铵态氮（NH 4 + -N）、硝态氮（NO 3 - -N），有机氮源采用尿素（Urea）、精氨酸（Arg）和甘氨酸（Gly），氮素施用量均为10g N/m 2 ，处理时间为10 d。研究结果表明，环割、氮素形态及其交互作用均显著影响了红椎幼苗叶片的净光合速率（ Pn ）；单一环割处理显著降低了红椎幼苗叶片 Pn 、气孔导度（ Gs ）、胞间CO 2 浓度（ Ci ）、蒸腾速率（ Tr ）、相对叶绿素含量和CO 2 利用效率（CUE），但显著提高了叶片水分利用效率（WUE）和气孔限制值（ Ls ），其叶片 Pn 降低主要是由气孔限制和叶绿素含量降低所导致的。正常条件下，所有氮素形态处理均显著降低了红椎幼苗叶片的 Pn 、 Gs 、 Ci 和 Tr ，但显著升高了叶片 Ls 和WUE，其叶片 Pn 降低的主要原因是供氮过高引起的叶片气孔限制。正常条件下，除Arg处理外，其他氮素形态均显著升高了红椎幼苗叶片的CUE，其中以Gly处理的促进作用最大。环割条件下，3种有机态氮素的添加均显著缓解了单一环割处理对红椎幼苗叶片 Pn 的抑制作用，尤其以精氨酸最为明显，供应精氨酸的叶片 Pn 值从单一环割处理的强烈抑制中恢复到了对照水平，而无机态氮的供应均未显著改变这种抑制。结果表明短期碳水化合物供应的阻断会显著抑制红椎幼苗叶片的光合能力，适量供应精氨酸、甘氨酸和尿素等有机态氮会有效缓解这种抑制作用，其中以精氨酸的作用最为明显。

... 氮素是植物体内叶绿素、蛋白质、核酸和部分激素的重要组成部分,是影响植物正常生长发育的重要营养元素^[23,24] ...

2017

0.0

韦悦, 张翠平, 郭双, 卢克欢, 吴能表. 两种形态氮素及其配比对颠茄生长和氮代谢的影响. 草业科学, 2017, 34(8): 1669-1676.

Wei

, Zhang C

, Guo

, Lu K

, Wu N

. Effect of nitrogen form on growth and nitrogen metabolism of Atropa belladonna. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(8): 1669-1676. (in Chinese)

本研究采用砂培、浇灌营养液方法种植颠茄(Atropa belladonna),研究不同铵硝配比(0∶100、25∶75、50∶50、75∶25、100∶0)在不同处理时间(7、14、21、28 d)对颠茄干重、叶绿素和主要含氮化合物含量以及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响,为颠茄的合理施肥、科学种植提供理论依据.结果表明,颠茄叶片叶绿素、游离氨基酸(FAA)及可溶性蛋白(SP)含量随铵态氮比例增加而升高,其中叶绿素、FAA含量在铵硝比75∶25时最高,SP含量在铵硝比50∶50时最高,但这种影响在不同处理时间表现并不相同;整个处理期内,全硝营养下颠茄地上部和地下部干重明显高于铵硝混合处理及全铵处理,且叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性较高,硝态氮含量也最高.综上,增加硝态氮含量能够促进颠茄干物质的积累以及NR和GS活性,合理补充铵态氮则能提高叶片叶绿素、FAA及SP含量,因此铵硝结合供氮且铵硝配比为25∶75更有利于颠茄的生长和氮素代谢.

... 氮素是植物体内叶绿素、蛋白质、核酸和部分激素的重要组成部分,是影响植物正常生长发育的重要营养元素^[23,24] ...

... 叶绿素为叶绿体内参与光合作用的重要光合色素^[24,25],氮素通过影响叶绿素的含量和稳定性调控植物的光合作用及有机物合成,影响植物的生长发育^[26] ...

2015

0.0

王亚琴, 施军琼, 张婷, 李燕, 张天泉, 张小龙, 桑贤春, 凌英华, 何光华. 水稻黄绿叶突变体ygl13的鉴定及候选基因分析. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(21): 4197-4208.

Wang Y

, Shi J

, Zhang

, Li

, Zhang T

, Zhang X

, Sang X

, Ling Y

, He G

. Characterization and cand idate gene analysis of yellow-green leaf mutant ygl13 in rice( Oryza sativa). Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(21): 4197-4208. (in Chinese)

2016

0.0

韩炳宏, 尚振艳, 袁晓波, 安卓, 文海燕, 李金博, 傅华, 牛得草. 氮素添加对黄土高原典型草原长芒草光合特性的影响. 草业科学, 2016, 33(6): 1070-1076.

Hang B

, Shang Z

, Yuan X

, An

, Wen H

, Li J

, Fu

, Niu D

. Effects of N addition on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf senescence in Stipa bungeana of steppe grassland s in the Loess Plateau. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(6): 1070-1076. (in Chinese)

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen (N) deposition on grassland plant metabolism function,this study conducted N fertilization addition on the Loess Plateau natural grassland by simulating nitrogen deposition and analyzed leaves N content, net photosynthetic rate(P n ), stomata conductance(G s ), transpiration rate(T r ), water use efficiency(WUE) and Chlorophyll content of Stipa bungeana on different N addition levels to explore the effects of nitrogen addition on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf senescence of S. bungeana . The results showed the N content, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency increased significantly with N addition. However, the stomata conductance and transpiration rate did not response to N addition remarkably. In addition, the chlorophyll degradation rate of S. bungeana was delayed by N addition. This paper revealed that nitrogen fertililization played primary roles in regulating photosynthetic characteristics and leaf senescence of S. bungeana , also appropriate nitrogen deposition could improve photosynthetic performance and delay leaf senescence of S. bungeana .

为研究氮沉降对黄土高原典型草原植物代谢功能的影响,本研究通过模拟大气氮沉降的方法对黄土高原天然草地进行了氮添加试验,分析了天然草地植物长芒草( Stipa bungeana )在不同施氮水平下叶片氮含量、光合速率(P n )、气孔导度(G s )、蒸腾速率(T r )、水分利用效率(WUE)以及叶绿素含量的响应特征,探讨了长芒草光合生理特性和叶片衰老的影响对氮添加的响应。结果显示,氮素添加可显著增加长芒草地上生物量( P <0.05),明显增加其所占总生物量的比例,显著增加叶片氮含量、叶绿素含量和净光合速率,而对气孔导度和蒸腾速率没有显著影响( P >0.05),显著提高了植物水分利用效率。另外,氮素添加延缓了长芒草叶绿素的降解速率。以上结果表明,一定范围内的大气氮沉降量有利于长芒草光合能力的提高,可以延缓长芒草叶片的衰老。

2007

0.0

赵丽英, 邓西平, 山仑. 不同水分处理下冬小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光参数的变化研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2007, 15(1): 63-66.

Zhao L

, Deng X

, Shan

. Effects of altered water condition on some chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of flag leaves of winter wheat. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2007, 15(1): 63-66. (in Chinese)

... 水分处理对植物光合作用的影响是多方面的,其可以直接导致光合片层结构异常,同时也影响光合色素的含量^[27,28] ...

2015

0.0

曾成城, 陈锦平, 王振夏, 贾中民, 魏虹. 狗牙根生长及叶绿素荧光对水分和种植密度的响应. 草业科学, 2015, 32(7): 1107-1115.

Zeng C

, Chen J

, Wang Z

, Jia Z

, Wei

. Response of growth and chlorophyll fluorecence characteristics of Cynodon dactylonseedlings to watertreatment and plant densities. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(7): 1107-1115. (in Chinese)

In order to explore the effects of different water treatments and plant densities on growth, photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence of Cynodon dactylon, 4 water treatments and 4 planting densities including 16 treatments were applied. The water treatments included normal water supply (CK), light floodinglight drought alternating (FD), light flooding (LF) and flooding (FL) and planting densities included 1 plant per pot (CK), 2 plants per pot (low density), 4 plants per pot (medium density), and 12 plants per pot (high density). The results showed that water treatments, plant densities and their interaction significantly affected (P

以盆栽当年生狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)扦插苗为试验材料，通过模拟水库库区河岸带不同土壤水分及不同种植密度对狗牙根生长、光合色素及荧光特性的影响进行探究。试验设置4个土壤水分处理组：水分对照组(CK)、水淹与干旱交替组(FD)、土壤水分饱和组(LF)和全淹组(FL)，4种种植密度：对照（1株·盆-1）、低密度（2株·盆-1）、中密度（4株·盆-1）及高密度（12株·盆-1）。结果表明，1）水分、种植密度及二者的交互作用均显著影响狗牙根叶面积指数、单株总生物量及主茎长(P 0.05）；二者交互作用显著影响狗牙根光化学猝灭系数(qP)（P

... 水分处理对植物光合作用的影响是多方面的,其可以直接导致光合片层结构异常,同时也影响光合色素的含量^[27,28] ...

2011

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焦娟玉, 尹春英, 陈珂. 土壤水、氮供应对麻疯树幼苗光合特性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(1): 91-99.

Jiao J

, Yin C

, Chen

. Effects of soil water and nitrogen supply on the photosynthetic characteristics of Jatropha curcas seedlings. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(1): 91-99. (in Chinese)

Aims Jatropha curcas is a drought-resistant perennial that can be used for bio-energy to replace petro-diesel. However, J. curcas is still a wild plant and basic agronomical properties are not thoroughly understood. When it is grown in commercial plantations with regular irrigation, we do not know how J.curcas will respond to changes in the environment. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of different soil water and nitrogen supplies on the photosynthesis characteristics of J. curcas seedlings. Methods We exposed seedlings of J. curcas to three watering regimes (80%, 50% and 30% of field water holding capacity (FC)) and two nitrogen (N) regimes (with or without N-fertilization) and determined how N-fertilization affects the photosynthetic light and CO 2 response curve, maximal quantum yield of PSII, and N and pigments contents under different soil water conditions. Important findings With N-fertilization, we detected significant increases in apparent quantum yield ( AQY ), light compensation point ( LCP ), maximum net photosynthetic rate ( P max ), carboxylation efficiency ( CE ), photorespiration rate ( R p ), dark respiration rate ( R d ) and nitrogen content with the increase of soil water content. Highest values of photosynthesis parameters occurred with 80% FC with N-fertilization. Without N-fertilization, all photosynthesis parameters had the opposite trends with the increase of soil water content. Furthermore, with 30% FC the nitrogen content of seedlings with N-fertilization was significantly higher than without N-fertilization. AQY , PSII maximum photochemical efficiency ( F v / F m ) and chlorophyll and carotenoids contents was nearly the same with and without N-fertilization, but other parameters were significantly lower without N-fertilization. Thus, under N-poor soil condition J. curcas grew better under the relatively low soil water conditions and photosynthesis of J. curcas was impacted by high soil water content. While with N-fertilization, J. curcas performed better under high soil water content.

在盆栽半控制试验中, 采用两因素的随机区组设计, 在3个土壤水分梯度(分别为80%、50%和30%的田间持水量(FC))下研究了施氮肥和不施氮肥处理麻疯树( Jatropha curcas )幼苗的光合特性。比较了不同水分和氮素供应条件下麻疯树幼苗的光合-光响应和CO 2 响应曲线、PSII的最大光化学效率( F v / F m )、氮含量和光合色素含量之间的差异。结果表明: 1)施氮肥处理中, 随着土壤水分含量的增加, 叶片表观量子效率( AQY )、光补偿点、最大净光合速率、羧化效率、光呼吸速率、暗呼吸速率和叶片氮含量均呈现增加的趋势, 而且均在80% FC下最高。2)不施氮肥处理中, 随着土壤水分含量的增加, 麻疯树各光合参数均与施氮肥处理呈现相反的变化趋势。3)在30% FC下, 施氮肥处理和不施氮肥处理相比, 氮含量显著增加, AQY 、 F v / F m 、光合色素含量无显著的变化, 其他各项指标均显著降低。这些结果表明, 水氮耦合效应对麻疯树光合特性有显著影响, 尤其是在80% FC下增施氮肥的效果最为明显。因此, 在土壤氮素含量不高的情况下, 麻疯树更适宜在较低的土壤水分下生长, 土壤水分较高反而不利于麻疯树的光合作用; 而如果增施氮肥, 麻疯树在土壤水分含量较高时生长更好。

... 焦娟玉等^[29]研究表明,氮素能通过促进麻疯树(Jatropha carcas)叶片叶绿素的合成提高叶片捕获光能的能力,进而增强光合作用的效率及增加干物质的积累 ...

2006

0.0

... Amy等^[30]也认为,氮素可通过直接影响植物体内叶绿素和可溶性蛋白水平及光合酶类的合成与活性,调节光合及光呼吸作用 ...

2009

0.0

... 本研究表明,各水分条件下,随着氮含量的增加,假臭草幼苗叶片中的叶绿素含量升高,这与Yin等^[31]的研究结果一致,这是因为,在水分条件一定的情况下,氮素含量的升高有助于增加叶绿素的稳定性和含量,从而增强假臭草植株叶片的净光合速率,促进植株的健壮生长,因而高氮环境下假臭草植株叶片叶绿素含量较高 ...