钾素改善干旱胁迫下早熟禾的形态及相关生长指标

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李静静, 李炜, 陈雅君, 尹慧, 李艳侠. 钾素改善干旱胁迫下早熟禾的形态及相关生长指标. 草业科学, 2016,33(7):1285-1290
Li Jing-jing, Li Wei, Chen Ya-jun, Yin Hui, Li Yan-xia. Potassium improves morphology and charactersistics of Poa pratensis under dronght stress . Pratacultural Science,2016,33(7): 1285-1290 复制到剪切板

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钾素改善干旱胁迫下早熟禾的形态及相关生长指标

李静静¹, 李炜², 陈雅君¹, 尹慧¹, 李艳侠¹

1.东北农业大学园艺学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030

2.黑龙江省农业科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150086

通讯作者:陈雅君(1964-),女,内蒙古扎兰屯人,教授,博导,博士,主要从事园林植物逆境生理生态研究。E-mail:chenyajun622@163.com

第一作者:李静静(1991-),女,黑龙江海林人,在读硕士生,主要从事园林植物逆境生理生态研究。E-mail:1057571782@qq.com

收稿日期: 2016-03-21

基金: 国家自然科学基金(31372091)

摘要

本研究采用不同浓度钾素营养处理的方法,在干旱条件下,研究草地早熟禾( Poa pratensis)形态及生长相关指标与抗旱性间的关系,为草坪草早熟禾在生产中的利用及提高其抗旱能力提供理论依据和指导。结果表明,适当的供给钾素可以改善干旱胁迫引起的叶片形态改变,从而提高草地早熟禾的抗旱能力。在干旱胁迫下,草地早熟禾叶片形态、色泽及生物量在钾素浓度为0.15~0.30 g·kg^-1时有所改善和提高,其中0.30 g·kg^-1钾素浓度的处理效果最好,可明显提高早熟禾植株的抗旱性。

关键词: 草地早熟禾; 生长; 干旱胁迫; 钾素调节

中图分类号:S543⁺.903.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-0629(2016)7-1285-06 doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0623

Potassium improves morphology and charactersistics of Poa pratensis under dronght stress

Li Jing-jing¹, Li Wei², Chen Ya-jun¹, Yin Hui¹, Li Yan-xia¹

1.College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

2.Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China

Corresponding author: Chen Ya-jun E-mail:chenyajun622@163.com

Abstract

Morphological characteristics and growth indices of Kentucky bluegrass with different potassium supply levels and water conditions were tested to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for improving bluegrass drought resistance in turf production. The results showed that the appropriate potassium supply can improve the leaf morphological changes caused by drought stress, so as to improve the drought resistant ability of Kentucky bluegrass. The leaf morphological, green color index and biomass of plants under drought stress were improved with 0.15-0.30 g·kg^-1 potassium supply, especially with 0.30 g·kg^-1 potassium nutrition which had the best improvement of drought resistance of Kentucky bluegrass.

Keyword: Poa pratensis; growth; drought stress; potassium regulation

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钾作为植物生长发育所需的营养元素之一, 可以促进光合作用和代谢酶的活化, 有利于植物正常呼吸, 能改善植物能量代谢及增强植物抗性^{[1, 2]}, 对植物的生长发育^[3]、生理代谢过程^[3]有多方面的影响。在我国北方干旱、半干旱地区, 为了提高产量, 土壤施肥首先被考虑的是增施氮肥而忽略了可以使植物抗逆性提高的钾肥^{[4, 5]}。因此, 在田间生产中, 土壤钾素不足是导致农作物减产及其它经济作物生长不良的一个重要原因。

目前, 相关的钾肥利用研究在国内外有许多报道^[6], 但主要集中在作物上。干旱胁迫条件下, 良好的钾素营养能增强玉米(Zea mays)叶片气孔的调节能力, 增大绿叶面积, 从而提高玉米抗旱性和对土壤水分的利用率^[7^-^8]。且低钾处理也会显著抑制小麦(Triticum aestivum)幼苗的生长^[9]。缺钾也可导致水稻(Oryza sativa)叶片光合能力降低, 并且适量施钾可促进水稻叶片形态的生长, 从而提高水稻植株的抗旱性和水稻产量^[10]。Jonathan等^[11]研究发现适量的钾素营养可以提高干旱胁迫下扶桑(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)的抗旱性。陈风雷等^[12]研究也表明, 在自然干旱条件下, 施用钾素营养调节剂能促进根系生长, 促使烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)植株吸收更多的养分和水分, 从而保证其正常生长, 提高烟草的抗旱能力。然而, 关于钾素营养提高植物抗旱性的研究在草坪草生产领域还鲜有报道。

因此, 本研究以叶色浓绿、叶形及株形优美、形成的草皮结实且富有弹性^[13]的优质冷季型草坪草— — 草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)为供试材料, 采用施不同浓度钾肥的处理方法, 在干旱条件下, 研究钾素营养与早熟禾抗旱形态及生长相关指标的关系, 以期为早熟禾草坪草在生产中的利用及提高早熟禾草坪草抵抗干旱的能力提供理论依据和指导。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

供试的草地早熟禾为克劳沃集团提供的品种优异(‘ Merit’ ), 是我国北方地区园林绿化常用草坪草种, 从美国进口。

1.2 试验设计与方法

1.2.1 试验处理试验在东北农业大学园艺试验站进行。3月中旬在温室内将草种播种于70 cm× 30 cm× 10 cm苗箱内, 播种量为10 g· m^-2。当苗长至4片叶时移栽到苗盆中, 每盆20株, 生物量测定选取生长在盆中间位置的5株植株进行。苗盆直径24 cm, 高20 cm, 内装培养土2.4 kg, 培养土有机质含量为2.45 mg· kg^-1, 速效钾含量为0.174 g· kg^-1, pH 7.0。试验供试肥料:氮肥为尿素(含氮量为46%), 磷肥为磷酸二铵(N:P=18%:46%), 钾肥为硝酸钾复合肥(N:P₂O₅:K₂O=12%:2%:43%)。采用一定比例确定施肥量, 钾素以底肥的形式施入苗盆中, 用量以C(浓度, concentration)表示, 浓度设为C₀、C₁、C₂、C₃、C₄供给量, 即0、0.15、0.30、0.45、0.55 g· kg^-1, 其中C₀为对照, 并保证每个处理生长过程中施入的氮和磷的量固定。植株培养1个月后停止浇水, 进行干旱处理, 以不同干旱处理和不施钾互作处理作对照。水分平衡采用的是称重法和TDR(TDR200, USA)测定, 干旱处理分别设置为25%(W, 正常含水量)、15%(W₁, 轻度干旱)、10%(W₂, 中度干旱)和5%(W₃, 重度干旱)。处理10 d后采样测定各项指标。温室环境为14 h/10 h的光暗条件, 光强为700 μ mol· (m²· s)^-1左右, 昼夜温度25 ℃/18 ℃, 相对湿度70%。试验为完全随机区组设计, 共20个处理, 每处理4次重复。各处理分别是:正常水分不同钾素处理(W× C₀、W× C₁、W× C₂、W× C₃、W× C₄), 轻度干旱不同钾素处理(W₁× C₀、W₁× C₁、W₁× C₂、W₁× C₃、W₁× C₄), 中度干旱不同钾素处理(W₂× C₀、W₂× C₁、W₂× C₂、W₂× C₃、W₂× C₄), 重度干旱不同钾素处理(W₃× C₀、W₃× C₁、W₃× C₂、W₃× C₃、W₃× C₄)。

1.2.2 测定指标与测定方法叶片长度和宽度采用规格为0.01 cm直尺测定; 叶片厚度采用精度0.01 mm的游标卡尺(哈量, 中国哈尔滨)测量; 叶片绿色指数(green color index, GCI)采用草坪色彩测量仪(TCM500, NDVI, USA)测定; 地上、地下生物量的测定参照Christane等^[14]的干重法, 根茎比(root/shoot)则采用地下生物量和地上生物量的比值。

1.3 数据处理

采用SAS(Version 9.3, SAS Institute Inc.)软件系统对数据进行方差分析和相关性分析, 采用SigmaPlot(Version 12.0, Systat Software, Inc.)软件作图。

2 结果与分析

2.1 干旱胁迫下钾营养对草地早熟禾生长指标及色泽的影响

当早熟禾受到干旱胁迫时, 叶长明显变短(表1)。适当的施钾均能使叶片变长, 尤其在轻度干旱(W₁)下, 钾素浓度为0.30 g· kg^-1(C₂)时, 其效果更为明显, 且与其它处理相比差异显著(P< 0.05)。在同一干旱条件下, 随着钾浓度增加, 叶片长度呈先增加后减小的趋势。表明干旱胁迫条件下, 适量供钾, 对叶片长度增加更为有利。

表1 干旱胁迫下钾营养对草地早熟禾生长及色泽的影响 Table 1 Effects of potassium on growth and leaf color of Kentucky bluegrass under drought stress

与正常给水处理组相比, 不同程度干旱胁迫均使早熟禾叶片宽度降低, 施适量钾素可使叶宽增加, 其宽度可超过正常水分不供钾处理组, 供钾过多亦可使其宽度减小。在轻度干旱(W₁)和中度干旱(W₂)条件下, 钾素浓度为0.30 g· kg^-1(C₂)时叶宽达到最大, 显著大于相同干旱条件下不施钾素(C₀)的处理, 与之相比, 叶宽分别提高了2.98%、4.80%。说明, 在干旱条件下, 适量供钾可以增加叶片宽度。

在干旱胁迫下, 早熟禾叶片厚度与正常给水相比均减小, 当供给适量钾素时, 叶片厚度增加, 甚至超过了正常水分不施钾素的叶片厚度。且在轻度干旱(W₁)、中度干旱(W₂)、重度干旱(W₃)条件下, 钾素浓度均以0.30 g· kg^-1(C₂)时叶厚达最大值, 且与不施钾素(C₀)的处理组相比叶宽分别提高了16.00%、20.83%、12.50%。这表明适量施钾可以使处在干旱胁迫下的早熟禾叶片厚度增加, 从而提高其对干旱的抵抗能力。

干旱胁迫下施不同浓度的钾素, 与正常水分条件下相比, 早熟禾的叶片色泽指数均有所下降, 但干旱胁迫下, 适量供钾可以改善叶片色泽; 在轻度干旱(W₁)和中度干旱(W₂)条件下, 色泽指数随钾离子浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势, 且在浓度均为0.30 g· kg^-1(C₂)时, 色泽指数最大, 即叶片色泽较好。然而在重度干旱(W₃)条件下, 由于水分供给严重限制, 各钾水平下叶片色泽指数均不大。因此, 适量的钾素可以使干旱条件下的草地早熟禾色泽得到改善。方差分析结果显示, 干旱、钾素及其互作对草地早熟禾叶长、叶宽及色泽的影响均达到显著水平(P< 0.05), 而对叶厚的影响不显著(P> 0.05)(表2)。

表2 干旱胁迫和钾素营养对草地早熟禾生长、色泽及生物量影响的双因素方差分析 Table 2 Two-way ANOVA analysis of drought and potassium on growth, leaf color and biomass of Kentucky bluegrass

2.2 干旱胁迫下钾素营养对草地早熟禾生物量的影响

干旱胁迫下, 钾素浓度为C₂时草地早熟禾地上生物量和地下生物量(除重度干旱W₃处理时)显著高于其它钾素浓度(P< 0.05); 随着钾浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。其中重度干旱处理组在C₂浓度的地上生物量分别比C₀浓度和C₄浓度提高了10.30%和18.86%, 在C₂浓度的地下生物量分别比C₀浓度和C₄浓度提高了6.05%和14.82%。在钾浓度相同条件下, 草地早熟禾的地上、地下生物量随水分的降低而降低, 正常给水处理组(W)生物量最大, 与其它处理组相比差异显著(P< 0.05); 在重度干旱时, 早熟禾的地上、地下生物量均为最小, 此时适当施钾可提高其生物量(表3)。

表3 干旱胁迫下钾素营养对草地早熟禾生物量的影响 Table 3 Effect’ s of potassium nutrition on Kentucky bluegrass biomass under drought stress

相同水分条件下, 适量钾素供给可提高草地早熟禾根茎比, 且根茎比在1.23~1.43内变化; 轻度干旱条件下钾浓度为C₂时根茎比显著高于其它处理组(P< 0.05), 但与此钾素浓度下重度干旱相比差异不显著(P> 0.05), 说明草地早熟禾通过提高根茎比来适应干旱环境, 且施适量钾素有助于其根茎比的提高。方差分析结果显示, 水分、钾素及其互作对草地早熟禾地上、地下生物量及根茎比的影响均显著(P< 0.05)。

3 讨论与结论

合理施用钾肥不仅能改善植物体内钾素水平, 提高水分利用率, 还可增强植物抗逆性, 从而使其品质提高并达到增产的目的, 这一结果已经被许多研究^{[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}所证实, 其中, 钾除了作为植物体生长的必需营养元素外, 还能增强植物对病虫害及自然灾害的抗性, 当植物遭遇干旱胁迫时, 施钾可维持正常的细胞膨压, 从而减轻植物枯死及倒伏情况^{[20, 21]}。K⁺在不同器官、细胞及细胞器之间等不同区域内分布变化, 也可直接调节水分在该区域的数量和移动方向。因此, K⁺对干旱条件下植物自身的水分关系有直接的影响。本研究中, 适量的提供钾素使干旱胁迫下的草地早熟禾叶长、叶宽及叶厚均有所增加。这是由于植物形态表现出对水分胁迫的高度敏感, 其中叶片主要进行同化和蒸腾作用, 当植株长期处于干旱状态, 其叶片形态及结构会为了适应环境而发生相应的改变, 适量供钾可改善这种情况。干旱胁迫下适量施钾可以使叶长和叶宽有所增加, 其中叶厚也会变厚, 虽然变化幅度较小, 这是由于在相同蒸腾表面下, 叶片厚则叶肉细胞在细胞间隙部分的面积总和大, 这样进入叶肉的CO₂扩散区和固定区大, 使得叶片具有高的光合速率和水分利用率^{[22, 23]}, 叶厚度增加有利于防止叶片水分的过分蒸腾, 一般认为, 叶片越厚, 储水能力相对越强。因此, 其形态结构的改变与植物的耐旱性有着密切的关系^[24]。

生物量对植物生长发育和结构形成都有很大的影响, 是用来衡量植物积累能量的重要指标^[23], 包括地上生物量和地下生物量, 其中地下生物量的积累可以用来体现根系特性及草坪抗旱性。在干旱条件下, 植物根系会向更深层次进行扩展, 以确保吸收更多水分来维持植物自身的正常生命活动^[25]。本研究发现, 干旱胁迫下, 施用0.15~0.30 g· kg^-1的钾素处理可以不同程度地增加早熟禾地上、地下生物量, 说明适量供钾有利于干旱胁迫下早熟禾根系的生长发育, 提高水分利用率及光合产物的运输, 从而增强其抗旱能力。这与祝美俊等^[26]研究施钾对草地早熟禾生物量、枯草量和草坪质量影响的结论相一致, 即草坪草施以适量钾肥, 能够增加地下部的根量, 有利于草坪草度过不良的生态环境。本研究中, 草地早熟禾的根冠比变化趋势不是特别明显, 这与一些研究结果存在差异。

本研究表明, 干旱胁迫下适量供给钾素营养可改善叶片的形态结构及生物量, 从而增强草地早熟禾的抗旱性并适当提高草坪色泽及外观质量; 且钾素对草地早熟禾生长体现为双重性, 即适量施钾可提高抗旱性, 达到提高坪用质量的目的, 但过多施钾则无益。其它已有研究也证实植株对钾素的吸收不会随钾肥用量增加而持续增加, 而是保持一种钾离子稳态, 植株自身会根据体内的钾离子浓度来调节其吸收速率^[27]。

无论是干旱胁迫还是正常供水, 增施适量钾素均可提高草地早熟禾的生长指标及色泽, 本研究中适量的钾素浓度为0.15~0.30 g· kg^-1, 过多施钾反而会产生抑制作用; 在相同程度干旱条件下, 随着钾素浓度的不断增加, 地上、地下生物量均呈先增加后降低的趋势, 且在浓度为0.30 g· kg^-1(C₂)时处理效果最好, 可显著提高早熟禾植株的抗旱性; 在供给钾素浓度一定的条件下, 随着干旱胁迫程度的加重早熟禾的根茎比大体呈增加的趋势, 且根茎比在1.23~1.43内变化。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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[2]	赵云, 谢开云, 杨秀芳, 李向林. 氮磷钾配比施肥对敖汉苜蓿产量和品质的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(5): 723-727. Zhao Y, Xie K Y, Yang X F, Li X L. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio fertilizer on the the yield and quality of Aohan alfafa. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(5): 723-727. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[3]	王静, 王渭玲, 徐福利, 曹鲜艳, 黄淑华, 张晓虎, 何军. 氮磷钾对桔梗生长及次生代谢产物的影响. 草业科学, 2012, 29(4): 586-591. Wang J, Wang W L, Xu F L, Cao X Y, Huang S H, Zhang X H, He J. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the growth and secondary metabolites of Platycodon grand iflorum. Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(4): 586-591. (in Chinese) [本文引用:2]
[4]	谢建昌, 周健民. 我国土壤钾素研究和钾肥使用的进展. 土壤, 1999(5): 244-254. [本文引用:1]
[5]	林郑和, 钟秋生, 陈常颂. 缺钾对茶树幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(4): 974-980. Lin Z H, Zhong Q S, Chen C S. Effects of potassium deficiency on chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of tea seedlings. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2012, 18(4): 974-980. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[6]	Christian Z, Mehmet S, Edgar P. Potassium in agriculture——Status and perspectives. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2014, 171(9): 656-669. [本文引用:1]
[7]	李明德, 郑圣先. 钾素营养对玉米生长及抗旱性影响. 土壤肥料, 1996(4): 10-12. Li M D, Zheng S X. Potassium nutrition effect on maize growth and drought resistance. Soils and Fertilizers, 1996(4): 10-12. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[8]	朱春杰. 水分胁迫下钾素对阜研168抗旱性及产量的影响. 中国种业, 2014(3): 47-49. [本文引用:1]
[9]	吴春红, 梁雪, 李斯深, 李絮花, 宫晓平, 孔凡美. 小麦苗期钾、钠吸收相关性状及其QTL分析. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5): 1025-1036. Wu C H, Liang X, Li S S, Li X H, Gong X P, Kong F M. Potassium and sodium absorption related traits and QTL mapping at the seedling stage of wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(5): 1025-1036. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[10]	彭海欢, 翁晓燕, 徐红霞, 蒋琴素, 孙骏威. 缺钾胁迫对水稻光合特性及光合防御机制的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2006, 20(6): 621-625. Peng H H, Weng X Y, Xu H X, Jiang Q S, Sun J W. Effects of potassium deficiency on photosynthesis and photo-protection mechanisms in rice plants. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2006, 20(6): 621-625. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[11]	Jonathan N E, Fred T D, Jr Malcolm C D. Effect of potassium on drought resistance of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cv. Leprechaun: Plant growth, leaf macro- and micronutrient content and root longevity. Plant and Soil, 2001, 229(2): 213-224. [本文引用:1]
[12]	陈风雷, 龙文, 柳太卫. 钾素营养调节剂对烤烟抗旱性的影响. 中国烟草科学, 2010, 31(2): 34-37. Chen F L, Long W, Liu T W. Effect of potassium nutrient regulator on drought tolerance of Flue-cured tobacco. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2010, 31(2): 34-37. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[13]	Eaton T D, Curley J, Williamson R C, Jung G. Determination of the level of variation in polyploidy among Kentucky bluegrass cultivars by means of flow cytometry. Crop Science, 2004, 44(6): 2168-2174. [本文引用:1]
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[16]	陈培元, 蒋永罗, 李英, 付左. 钾对小麦生长发育抗旱性和某些生理特性影响. 作物学报, 1987, 13(4): 322-327. Chen P Y, Jiang Y L, Li Y, Fu Z. Effect of potassium on wheat growth, drought resistane and some physiologlcal properties under different soil moisture conditions. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1987, 13(4): 322-327. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[17]	陈善福, 舒庆尧. 植物耐干旱胁迫的生物学机理及其基因工程研究进展. 植物学通报, 1999, 16(5): 555-560. Chen S F, Shu Q Y. Biological mechanism of and genetic engineering for drought stress tolerance in plants. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 1999, 16(5): 555-560. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[18]	陈益民, 余叔文. 不同方式干旱胁迫对小麦乙烯释放、ACC和MACC含量的影响. 植物生理学报, 1988(3): 281-288. Chen Y M, Yu S W. Effects of different types of water stress on ethylene production, contents of ACC and MACC in wheat plants. Acta Phytpohysiologica Sinica, 1988(3): 281-288. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[19]	陈少裕, 刘杰. 水分胁迫对甘蔗叶片线粒体膜流动性的影响及其与膜脂过氧化的关系. 植物生理学报, 1991(3): 285-289. Chen S Y, Liu J. The effect of water stress on membrane fluidity of leaf mitochondria of sugarcane and its relation to membrane lipid peroxidation. Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica, 1991(3): 285-289. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[20]	纪瑛, 张佳杰, 王龙强, 蔺海明, 黄俊基, 陈珍新, 王昔泽, 陶永福. 氮磷钾配施对甘草生长动态和产量的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(4): 717-723. Ji Y, Zhang J J, Wang L Q, Lin H M, Huang J J, Chen Z X, Wang X Z, Tao Y F. Effects of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer application on growth dynamics and yield of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(4): 717-723. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[21]	吴建光. 钾对作物抗旱生理功能影响研究概况. 现代农业, 2015(4): 23-24. [本文引用:1]
[22]	曹慧, 兰彦平, 王孝威, 曹琴, 杜俊杰. 果树水分胁迫研究进展. 果树学报, 2001, 18(2): 110-114. Cao H, Lan Y P, Wang X W, Cao Q, Du J J. Research and progress on water stress in fruit trees. Journal of Fruit Science, 2001, 18(2): 110-114. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[23]	高秀萍, 张勇强, 童兆平, 杨家洪, 童德中. 梨树在自然干旱条件下叶片解剖学特征. 山西农业科学, 2001, 29(1): 62-64. Gao X P, Zhang Y Q, Tong Z P, Yang J H, Tong D Z, Peat leaves’ anatomical character under natural drought conditions. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2001, 29(1): 62-64. (in Chinese) [本文引用:2]
[24]	徐宜凤. 石灰花揪幼苗对干旱胁迫的生长及生理响应. 南京: 南京林业大学硕士学位论文, 2011. Xu Y F. Effects of drought stress on the growth and physiological characteristics in Surbus folgneri seedlings. Master Thesis. Nanjing: Nanjing Forestry University, 2011. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[25]	Beard J B. Turfgrass water stress: Drought resistance components physiological mechanisms and species-genotypes diversity. Takaton H. (ed). Proceedings of the Sixth International Turfgrass Research Conference. Tokyo, Japan: Japanese Society of Turfgrass Science, 1989: 23-28. [本文引用:1]
[26]	祝美俊, 王显国, 孙彦, 韩建国, 王培, 樊奋成, 鲍青龙. 施钾对草地早熟禾生物量、枯草量和草坪质量的影响. 草坪与地被科学进展论文汇编. 北京: 中国草学会, 2006: 182-187. [本文引用:1]
[27]	薛欣欣, 李岚涛, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 任涛, 丛日环, 周鹂. 利用功能叶片钾含量作为水稻钾营养诊断指标的可行性研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(2): 492-499. Xue X X, Li L T, Lu J W, Li X K, Ren T, Cong R H, Zhou L. Feasibility study of using potassium content of functional leaves of rice as potassium diagnostic index. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 21(2): 492-499. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]

2014

0.0

夏曾润, 王沛东, 贾文, 未丽, 米莉, 王锁民. K+对盐胁迫下罗布麻生长及离子吸收分配的效应. 草业科学, 2014, 31(11): 2088-2094.

Xia Z

, Wang P

, Jia

, Wei

, Mi

, Wang S

Effect of K+ on the growth, ion absorption and distribution of Apocynum venetum under salt stress.

Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(11): 2088-2094. (in Chinese)

The effects of two K + levels(0.01 and 2.5 mmol·L -1 )on the growth,ion absorption and distribution of Apocynum venetum under NaCl stress were investigated by the pot experiment. The results indicated that the biomass and plant height of A. venetum decreased with the increase of external NaCl concentration, however, there was no significant difference between 0.01 and 2.5 mmol·L -1 K + under the same salt treatment( P >0.05). Na + contents in all tissues of A. venetum increased significantly ( P + ,K + contents decreased significantly but still maintained at a high level in leaf and stem and maintained stable in root with the increase of external NaCl concentration. Furthermore, compared with the control, K + contents in leaf did not significantly change when A. venetum was exposed to 50 mmol·L -1 NaCl. Moreover, A. venetum accumulated high contents of K + in the absence of salt stress, especially in leaf where K + contents were 15 times higher than that of Na + . In conclusion, enhancing the capacity of selective absorption and transport for K + , and hence maintaining high K + contents and K + /Na + ratio in leaf are the key adaptive mechanisms of salt-tolerance in A. venetum.

College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Ago-ecosystems, Lanzhou 730020, China

通过温室盆栽试验,研究了低钾(0.01 mmol·L -1 )和正常钾(2.5 mmol·L -1 )水平对NaCl胁迫下罗布麻( Apocynum venetum )生长和离子吸收分配的影响。结果表明,随着介质中NaCl浓度的增加,罗布麻的根、茎、叶的生物量和株高呈下降趋势;但相同浓度NaCl处理下,低钾和正常钾之间无显著差异( P >0.05)。罗布麻各器官中Na + 含量随介质NaCl浓度的增加显著上升( P + 随介质NaCl浓度的增加显著下降,但仍维持较高水平,根中K + 浓度能保持稳定;低钾和正常钾水平下,与无盐胁迫(对照)相比,50 mmol·L -1 NaCl处理植株叶中K + 浓度无显著变化。在对照条件下,罗布麻体内积累大量K + ,其叶中K + 浓度是Na + 的15倍多。可见,增强K + 的选择性吸收和运输,保持叶部较高的K + 含量和K + /Na + 比是罗布麻适应盐逆境的重要生理机制。

... 钾作为植物生长发育所需的营养元素之一,可以促进光合作用和代谢酶的活化,有利于植物正常呼吸,能改善植物能量代谢及增强植物抗性^[1,2],对植物的生长发育^[3]、生理代谢过程^[3]有多方面的影响 ...

2013

0.0

赵云, 谢开云, 杨秀芳, 李向林. 氮磷钾配比施肥对敖汉苜蓿产量和品质的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(5): 723-727.

Zhao

, Xie K

, Yang X

, Li X

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio fertilizer on the the yield and quality of Aohan alfafa.

Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(5): 723-727. (in Chinese)

Randomized block design and 32 different fertilizer treatments combination were used to analyze the effect of different N， P and K combined fertilizer applied on the yield and quality of Aohan alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Aohan) in Chifeng region. The results showed that N fertilizer significantly increased the yield of the first year alfalfa（P 0.05）.

摘要：采用完全随机区组设计，研究了32个氮磷钾施肥配比处理组合对赤峰地区敖汉苜蓿（Medicage sativa cv.Aohan）产量和品质的影响。结果表明，施氮肥可以显著提高苜蓿第1年的产量（P 0.05）。

2012

0.0

王静, 王渭玲, 徐福利, 曹鲜艳, 黄淑华, 张晓虎, 何军. 氮磷钾对桔梗生长及次生代谢产物的影响. 草业科学, 2012, 29(4): 586-591.

Wang

, Wang W

, Xu F

, Cao X

, Huang S

, Zhang X

, He

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the growth and secondary metabolites of Platycodon grand iflorum.

Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(4): 586-591. (in Chinese)

Based on the Dsaturation optimal design with three factors of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilization with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios on the growth and effective ingredients of Platycodon grandiflorum. This study showed that the fertilization greatly increased the medicinal yield of P.grandiflorum. The contribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the medicinal yield was nitrogen>potassium>phosphorus. The effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application on the content of platycodin was also following the pattern as nitrogen>potassium>phosphorus. The effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application on the polysaccharide content was phosphorus>nitrogen>potassium. Nevertheless, both nitrogen and phosphorus had a negative effect on the accumulation of total flavone in P.grandiflorum. In terms of the medicinal yield and the content of platycodin, the optimal fertilization combination was 150 kg·hm-2 N, 79.41 kg·hm-2 P2O5 together with 225 kg·hm-2 K2O.

通过田间试验，采用氮、磷、钾三因素二次D饱和最优设计研究了氮、磷、钾肥及其配比施肥对桔梗（Platycodon grandiflorum）生长及次生代谢产物的影响。试验结果表明，施肥能显著提高桔梗药材产量，氮、磷、钾元素对桔梗药材产量影响依次为氮>钾>磷。氮、磷、钾元素对桔梗总皂苷含量影响依次为氮>钾>磷，对桔梗植株多糖含量影响依次为磷>氮>钾；氮、磷对黄酮积累表现出一定负效应。依据桔梗药材产量及总皂苷含量提出桔梗合理施肥方案为N 150 kg·hm-2、P2O5 79.41 kg·hm-2、K2O 225 kg·hm-2。

1999

0.0

... 在我国北方干旱、半干旱地区,为了提高产量,土壤施肥首先被考虑的是增施氮肥而忽略了可以使植物抗逆性提高的钾肥^[4,5] ...

2012

0.0

林郑和, 钟秋生, 陈常颂. 缺钾对茶树幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(4): 974-980.

Lin Z

, Zhong Q

, Chen C

Effects of potassium deficiency on chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of tea seedlings.

Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2012, 18(4): 974-980. (in Chinese)

The objective was to determine the mechanism of the alteration of photosynthetic electron transport, light energy transformation and utilization of tea tree leaves under K deficiency. Vegetative propagated 10-month-old tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. Ruixiang] seedlings grown in pots were fertilized three times weekly for 24 weeks with different nutrient solution contents, 0, 100, 200, 600 and 2000 μmol/L potassium. The results show that OJIP transients from the K-deficiency leaves display the decreased P-step and the increased O-step, and as well as two new steps at about 150 μs (L-step) and 300 μs (K-step) in the different spectra compared with the control. The RC/CSo, TRo/ABS (or Fv/Fm), ETo/ABS, REo/ABS, PIabs and PIcs are decreased in the K-deficiency leaves, while VJ, VI and dissipated energy are increased. In conclusion, The K deficiency decreases photosynthetic electron transport capacity by impairing the whole electron transport chain from PSII donor side up to the PSI. Enhanced energy dissipation protects the leaves of K-deficiency plants from photo-oxidative damage in high light.

Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu’an, Fujian 355000, China

为了探明缺钾对茶树叶片的光合电子传递、光能转化和利用等的影响机制，本研究以10月龄扦插“瑞香”茶[Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. Ruixiang] 苗为试验材料，通过沙培试验，用含5个不同钾浓度（K 0、100、200、600、2000 μmol/L）的营养液浇灌，每周3次，处理24周后，进行茶树叶片叶绿素荧光参数的测定。结果表明，缺钾处理茶树叶片OJIP曲线O点上升，P点下降，同时出现150 μs处的L点和300 μs处的K点两个新点；缺钾条件下，TRo/ABS (or Fv/Fm) (最大光化学效率)、ETo/ABS（电子传递的量子产额）、REo/ABS（还原量子效率）、PIabs（吸收光能的性能指数）和PICS（单位面积为基础的性能指数）下降，而VJ、VI和耗散能增加。总之，缺钾损伤了从PSⅡ供体侧到PSI的整个电子传递链，降低了光合电子传递能力；缺钾叶片还通过增加热耗散以保护叶片在强光下免遭光氧化伤害。

... 在我国北方干旱、半干旱地区,为了提高产量,土壤施肥首先被考虑的是增施氮肥而忽略了可以使植物抗逆性提高的钾肥^[4,5] ...

2014

0.0

... 目前,相关的钾肥利用研究在国内外有许多报道^[6],但主要集中在作物上 ...

1996

0.0

2014

0.0

... 干旱胁迫条件下,良好的钾素营养能增强玉米(Zea mays)叶片气孔的调节能力,增大绿叶面积,从而提高玉米抗旱性和对土壤水分的利用率^[7^-^8] ...

2013

0.0

吴春红, 梁雪, 李斯深, 李絮花, 宫晓平, 孔凡美. 小麦苗期钾、钠吸收相关性状及其QTL分析. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5): 1025-1036.

Wu C

, Liang

, Li S

, Li X

, Gong X

, Kong F

Potassium and sodium absorption related traits and QTL mapping at the seedling stage of wheat.

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(5): 1025-1036. (in Chinese)

Accumulation of K in vacuoles creates necessary osmotic potential for cell extension. Rapid cell extension requires high mobility of osmotic pressure. Na is one of the few other ions which can replace K in this role. To further understand correlation and genetic characteristics of potassium (K) and sodium (Na) absorption and utilization at wheat seedling stage, a hydroponics experiment was conducted with different K and Na treatments in greenhouse using a recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Variance and correlation analysis were conducted for shoot and root biomass, K and Na accumulation respectively. QTL mapping for twenty related traits including the biomass and K/Na related traits was also conducted. The results show that the accumulations of K and Na in wheat seedlings are closely related to each other. Compared with the K deficiency treatment, the Na/K ratio is significantly increased when supplied with Na, but the biomass of wheat seedlings is not increased, so Na has poor ability to replace K when K is deficient. On the other hand, when K is efficient, the Na+ treatments can significantly promote K+ accumulation, but decrease shoot biomass. Therefore, excess amounts of K, Na accumulation are not conducive to the formation of the biomass at the seeding stage of wheat. Total 141 QTLs distributed on all the 21 chromosomes are detected for the tested 20 traits. Fourteen important QTL clusters which including 104 QTLs are identified, and in which, 11 QTL clusters are colocated with K and Na related traits. Eight high frequency QTLs (RHF-QTLs) which could be detected simultaneously in different treatments are also identified in this experiment. These important QTL sites provide important references for further investigation of K and Na relations in plant nutrition and their genetic control.

1 Resources and Environment College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai , an, Shandong 271018, China; 2 College of Agronomy of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai , an, Shandong 271018, China; 3 Caoxian Bureau of Agriculture, Caoxian, Shandong 274400, China

为进一步了解小麦苗期钾、钠吸收的相关性和遗传特征，本试验在温室环境下，以RIL（Recombinant Inbred Lines, RIL）群体为试验材料，采用营养液培养法对不同K+、Na+浓度处理条件下小麦苗期生长及钾、钠的积累、分配及利用等相关的20个性状进行了鉴定，探讨了K+和Na+的关系及其对小麦苗期生长的影响；并对所有相关性状进行了QTL（Quantitative trait loci，QTL）分析。结果表明，缺钾条件下，供应钠能够显著提高小麦体内的Na/K比，但对小麦的生物量没有显著影响，表明钠替代钾的能力较差。而正常钾条件下，供钠可显著促进钾、钠的吸收，提高了Na/K比，但地上部的生物量反而显著下降，表明大量的钾和钠的累积对小麦地上部生物量的形成不利。小麦苗期对钾、钠离子的吸收与累积呈显著正相关。本试验在小麦全部的21条染色体上共检测到与生物量及钾、钠相关性状有关的QTLs 141个。其中的103个QTLs 组成了14个重要的QTL簇，有11个QTL簇同时定位了钾、钠相关性状位点。另外，试验还发现了8个在多个养分环境条件下均可检测到的QTL位点—高频表达的QTL位点（RHF-QTLs），其中4个是新发现的位点。这些重要的QTL位点为K+、Na+关系及其遗传控制的深入研究提供了重要参考。

... 且低钾处理也会显著抑制小麦(Triticum aestivum)幼苗的生长^[9] ...

2006

0.0

彭海欢, 翁晓燕, 徐红霞, 蒋琴素, 孙骏威. 缺钾胁迫对水稻光合特性及光合防御机制的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2006, 20(6): 621-625.

Peng H

, Weng X

, Xu H

, Jiang Q

, Sun J

Effects of potassium deficiency on photosynthesis and photo-protection mechanisms in rice plants.

Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2006, 20(6): 621-625. (in Chinese)

Erjiufeng(EJF),a potassium-susceptible variety,and Yuanfengzao(YFZ),a potassium-tolerant variety,were used to study the effects of potassium deficiency on the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in rice seedlings.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and stomatal conductance(Gs) of the two varieties decreased significantly in the potassium deficient rice leaves.The content of the key enzyme of photosynthesis(Rubisco) was declined,whereas,the activity of the key enzyme of antioxidant-system(SOD) was increased in the potassium deficient rice leaves.The further study by chlorophyll fluorescence measurement showed that under potassium deficiency Fv/Fm,ФPSⅡ,qP and ETR were declined as time extended,indicating that the PSⅡ reaction center was damaged.Potassium deficiency also decreased the light-saturation points in both varieties.In that conditions,the light energy absorbed by PSⅡ was in excess of the need for assimilation,and a significant increase of NPQ in the stressed leaves of both varieties was detected,which indicated that the mechanism of thermal dissipation had been started to dissipate excessive light energy,and protected the plants from photoinhibition and photo-oxidation.Otherwise,it was also showed that YFZ was more tolerant to potassium deficiency compared with EJF,because YFZ could keep stronger photosynthetic ability with high resistance to(photoinhibition) under the potassium deficiency.Moreover,the photo-protection mechanism under potassium deficiency was also discussed.

以钾敏感型品种二九丰和钾钝感型品种原丰早为材料，研究了缺钾对水稻光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响以及光合防御机制，并对缺钾条件下的光合防御机制进行了讨论。在缺钾条件下，两品种的净光合速率(Pn)随气孔导度(Gs)的下降而下降；光合作用的关键酶Rubisco含量降低，而抗氧化酶系统的关键酶SOD活性显著上升。进一步的叶绿素荧光特性研究表明，随着钾胁迫时间的延长，缺钾水稻叶片中的 Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ、qP及ETR均显著下降，说明PSⅡ反应中心受到伤害。缺钾也降低了水稻叶片的光饱和点，PSⅡ吸收的光能超过了光合作用所能利用的光能。缺钾叶片NPQ显著上升，说明钾胁迫下的水稻叶片通过启动热耗散机制耗散过剩的激发能，以减轻因PSⅡ吸收过多光能而引起的光抑制和光氧化从而保护光合机构免受伤害。从品种间的差异来看，原丰早在缺钾条件下，由于仍有较强的光合能力和抗光抑制能力，因此对缺钾有更强的耐性。

... 缺钾也可导致水稻(Oryza sativa)叶片光合能力降低,并且适量施钾可促进水稻叶片形态的生长,从而提高水稻植株的抗旱性和水稻产量^[10] ...

2001

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... Jonathan等^[11]研究发现适量的钾素营养可以提高干旱胁迫下扶桑(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)的抗旱性 ...

2010

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... 陈风雷等^[12]研究也表明,在自然干旱条件下,施用钾素营养调节剂能促进根系生长,促使烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)植株吸收更多的养分和水分,从而保证其正常生长,提高烟草的抗旱能力 ...

2004

0.0

... 因此,本研究以叶色浓绿、叶形及株形优美、形成的草皮结实且富有弹性^[13]的优质冷季型草坪草#cod#x02014 ...

2003

0.0

... 地上、地下生物量的测定参照Christane等^[14]的干重法,根茎比(root/shoot)则采用地下生物量和地上生物量的比值 ...

1973

0.0

... 3 讨论与结论合理施用钾肥不仅能改善植物体内钾素水平,提高水分利用率,还可增强植物抗逆性,从而使其品质提高并达到增产的目的,这一结果已经被许多研究^{[15,16,17,18,19]}所证实,其中,钾除了作为植物体生长的必需营养元素外,还能增强植物对病虫害及自然灾害的抗性,当植物遭遇干旱胁迫时,施钾可维持正常的细胞膨压,从而减轻植物枯死及倒伏情况^[20,21] ...

1987

0.0

陈培元, 蒋永罗, 李英, 付左. 钾对小麦生长发育抗旱性和某些生理特性影响. 作物学报, 1987, 13(4): 322-327.

Chen P

, Jiang Y

, Li

, Fu

Effect of potassium on wheat growth, drought resistane and some physiologlcal properties under different soil moisture conditions.

Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1987, 13(4): 322-327. (in Chinese)

In pot trials in 1982～1983,winter wheat cv.Wu-nong 132 was grownin a potassium-deficient soil.The effect of applying potassium asfertilizer before sowing under two soil moisture levels was studied,highlevel(w)was 70% and low(d)was 35% of field water capacity,whichhad been maintained at seedling sta

Northwest Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute; Academia Sinica

钾对植物的抗旱性有着密切的关系。我们就不同土壤水分条件下钾肥对小麦的生理效应及其对抗旱性的影响作了初步研究。在缺钾的土壤中,无论是充分供水或干旱,施用钾肥均能促进植株对氮和磷的吸收和运转,提高叶水势、叶片持水力,从而提高土壤水分的利用效率。在生长期间,钾能提高叶片的叶绿素含量,增大叶面积,延长叶的功能期,提

1999

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1988

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1991

0.0

2014

0.0

纪瑛, 张佳杰, 王龙强, 蔺海明, 黄俊基, 陈珍新, 王昔泽, 陶永福. 氮磷钾配施对甘草生长动态和产量的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(4): 717-723.

, Zhang J

, Wang L

, Lin H

, Huang J

, Chen Z

, Wang X

, Tao Y

Effects of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer application on growth dynamics and yield of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(4): 717-723. (in Chinese)

To study the influence of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer application on yield and growth dynamics of Glycyrrhiza uralensis ,the “3414” mixed fertilizer application were used on G.uralensis ,the accumulation of biomass and dry matter accumulation were investigated.The results indicated that the increase effect of NPK mixed fertilizer on plant height was mainly in late June before main stem fast growth period,the increase effect on root dry weight was mainly in July-August,root diameter and root length reached high peak.The middle level of N(N 2 ) with middle level of PK(P 2 ,K 2 ) can increase accumulation of biomass,fertilizer efficiency decreased without N,P,K; N 2 P 2 K 2 was the highest yield for 6 500 kg·ha -1 ,which increased 39.3% compared to the control.It was recommended that nitrogen application should be 171 kg·ha -1 ,phosphorus application should be 292.5kg·ha -1 and potassium application should be49.5 kg·ha -1 in practice.

1.GansuAgricultural College, Lanzhou 730030, China; 2.College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; 3.Yiliangtan Farm of General Farm of Shiyanghe Forestry of Wuwei, Minqin 733300, China

为研究氮磷钾配施对甘草( Glycyrrhiza uralensi )生长动态和产量的影响，对其进行“3414”氮磷钾配施试验。结果表明，氮、磷、钾配施对株高的促进效应主要表现在6月下旬之前的主茎快速生长期，对根干质量增加效应则主要表现在7―8月根粗和根长增加高峰期;中等水平氮(N 2 )、磷(P 2 )、钾(K 2 )对甘草生物量和产量促进效应最大;氮磷钾配施以N 2 P 2 K 2 时甘草产量最高，达6 500 kg·hm -2 ，较不施肥增产39.3%。推荐施氮量171 kg·hm -2 ，施磷量292.5 kg·hm -2 ，施钾量49.5 kg·hm -2 。

2015

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2001

0.0

... 干旱胁迫下适量施钾可以使叶长和叶宽有所增加,其中叶厚也会变厚,虽然变化幅度较小,这是由于在相同蒸腾表面下,叶片厚则叶肉细胞在细胞间隙部分的面积总和大,这样进入叶肉的CO₂扩散区和固定区大,使得叶片具有高的光合速率和水分利用率^[22,23],叶厚度增加有利于防止叶片水分的过分蒸腾,一般认为,叶片越厚,储水能力相对越强 ...

2001

0.0

... 生物量对植物生长发育和结构形成都有很大的影响,是用来衡量植物积累能量的重要指标^[23],包括地上生物量和地下生物量,其中地下生物量的积累可以用来体现根系特性及草坪抗旱性 ...

2011

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... 因此,其形态结构的改变与植物的耐旱性有着密切的关系^[24] ...

1989

0.0

... 在干旱条件下,植物根系会向更深层次进行扩展,以确保吸收更多水分来维持植物自身的正常生命活动^[25] ...

2006

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... 这与祝美俊等^[26]研究施钾对草地早熟禾生物量、枯草量和草坪质量影响的结论相一致,即草坪草施以适量钾肥,能够增加地下部的根量,有利于草坪草度过不良的生态环境 ...

2015

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薛欣欣, 李岚涛, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 任涛, 丛日环, 周鹂. 利用功能叶片钾含量作为水稻钾营养诊断指标的可行性研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(2): 492-499.

Xue X

, Li L

, Lu J

, Li X

, Ren

, Cong R

, Zhou

Feasibility study of using potassium content of functional leaves of rice as potassium diagnostic index.

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 21(2): 492-499. (in Chinese)

【Objectives】Plant tissue is widely used for the diagnose ofplant nutrient status.The second functional leaf from the top of rice is easy sampled, with negligible injury to rice growth, and will not absciss during the whole growth stages.The feasibility of using the potassium content in the 2nd functional leaf as rice nutrition diagnosis method was studied. 【Methods】A field experiment was conducted with different K 2 O application rates of 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 kg/ha.The potassium contents in the 2nd functional leaf were tested at different growth periods and the grain yields were weighed.Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the potassium contents in the 2nd functional leaf and the grain yields and K application rates.【Results】The grain yields are significantly different under different K application rates. A quadratic plus plateau modelwell descriped the significant relationship between K application rates and the grain yield,satisfies the requirement of potassium status diagnosis. The potassium contents of the 2ndfunctional leaves was increased significantly with the increase of the K application rates. The K contants of the 2nd functional leaves was in range of 0.85%-2.72% from the beginning of the tillering stage to the full heading stage and reach the highest values at the jointing stage. The correlation analysis shows that the potassium content of the 2nd functional leaveswere significantly correlated with the grain yield and potassium application rates( P 100% of the maximum yield. The corresponding K contents of the 2nd functional leaves were calculated according to the regression equation.When the 95% of optimal yield was set as the critical yield,the calculated K contents were1.34%, 1.58%, 1.98%, 2.09%, 1.33% and 1.27% at initial tillering, active tillering, effective tillering, jointing, booting and full headingstages, respectively.【Conclusions】The potassium content of the 2nd functional leaves are significantly related to the K 2 O application rates and yields, so, is suitable tobe used as the potassium status diagnosis index at the different rice development periods. If the 95% of optimum yield is set as the critical yield level, rice would be found potassium deficiency when the 2nd functional leaf contents are below 1.34%, 1.58%, 1.98%, 2.09%, 1.33% and 1.27% at the tillering stage, active tillering stage, effective tillering critical stage, jointing stage, booting stage and full heading stage, respectively.

College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation of Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China

【目的】植株组织分析是广泛应用的营养状况评价方法。水稻主茎从上往下的第二功能样品采集方便，对水稻植株损伤较小;叶片以全展开叶的状态存在于整个生育期。本文探讨了利用第二功能叶钾含量作为水稻钾营养诊断指标的可行性，为水稻种植提供一种操作性强且准确性高的钾营养诊断方法及指标。【方法】采用田间试验，设置施钾量(K 2 O) 0、60、120、180、240、300和360 kg/hm 2 7个处理，测定各生育期第二功能叶的钾含量和成熟期收获的稻谷产量，对各处理的产量进行显著性检验及肥效模型的拟合，并根据肥效模型对水稻产量进行分级;结合产量分级指标与钾含量和产量的回归方程，最终计算出水稻不同生育期的钾营养诊断指标值。【结果】施用钾肥显著增加稻谷产量，施钾量和稻谷产量适合用二次加平台模型拟合，满足营养诊断的要求。第二功能叶钾含量随施钾量的增加而显著增加，随生育进程先上升后下降，在拔节期达到最大;从分蘖初期到齐穗期，第二功能叶钾含量变化范围为0.85% 2.72%。各生育期第二功能叶钾含量与稻谷产量和施钾量具有极显著的相关性，可以作为诊断指标来预测稻谷产量及反映钾肥施用水平。按小于最佳产量的85%、85% 90%、90% 95%、95% 100%将产量分为5个等级，和大于100%，根据钾含量与产量回归方程计算出各时期的不同产量等级对应的钾含量分级指标，当临界产量为最佳产量的95%时，各时期对应的第二功能叶钾含量分别为1.34%、1.58%、1.98%、2.09%、1.33%和1.27%。【结论】第二功能叶钾含量与施钾量和水稻产量相关极显著，其关系可用二次加平方程模拟，故可作为水稻不同生育期的钾营养诊断指标;以最佳产量的95%作为产量临界值标准，当第二功能叶钾含量在分蘖初期、分蘖盛期、有效分蘖临界期、拔节期、孕穗期和齐穗期分别低于1.34%， 1.58%， 1.98%， 2.09%， 1.33%和1.27%，则水稻植株处于钾素缺乏水平，需要补充钾肥以维持其正常的钾素需求。

... 其它已有研究也证实植株对钾素的吸收不会随钾肥用量增加而持续增加,而是保持一种钾离子稳态,植株自身会根据体内的钾离子浓度来调节其吸收速率^[27] ...