应用干烧法对华北地区主要森林类型的8个乔木建群种和10个灌木树种不同器官的有机含碳率进行了测定,同时利用生物量标准地资料对其中的7个乔木树种的林分平均含碳率进行了分析.8种乔木及10种灌木的器官平均含碳率分别为辽东栎0.475 0、白桦0.512 5、山杨0.488 0、椴树0.476 4、油松0.510 5、侧柏0.501 0、华北落叶松0.515 8、红皮云杉0.511 8,10种灌木0.489 7;7个乔木树种林分的平均含碳率分别为,辽东栎0.476 1、白桦0.500 8、山杨0.485 9、油松0.503 0、侧柏0.505 3、华北落叶松0.509 7、红皮云杉0.511 1. 各树种器官含碳率的种内变动系数在1.49%～6.32%之间;器官含碳率的种间变动系数在2.15%～7.48%之间.针叶树种器官的平均含碳率普遍比阔叶树种平均高1.6%～3.4%,相应的针叶林分的平均含碳率也高于阔叶林.

Using the national foreset inventory data that surveyed by the Forestry Ministry of P.R.China from 1973 to 1993,carbon storage of Chinese forest are estimated with the method of regression equation between stand biomass and volume in different forest types.The results show that total carbon storage of Chinese forest in the four periods(1973～1976,1977～1981,1985～1988,1989～1993)were 3.75,4.12, 4.06 and 4.20 Pg C,respectively.Although the results of different periods are fluctuating,their trends are increasi...

利用我国第一次 ( 1 973～ 1 976年 )至第四次 ( 1 989～ 1 993年 )森林资源清查资料 ,依据建立的不同森林类型生物量和蓄积量之间的回归方程 ,对我国近 2 0 a来森林的碳储量进行了推算。结果表明 :我国 4次森林资源清查中森林的总碳储量分别是 3 .75、4 .1 2、4 .0 6和 4 .2 0 Pg C,虽然存在一定的波动现象 ,但总体呈增加的趋势 ,自第 1次森林资源清查末期至第 4次清查结束的 1 7a间 ,我国森林共增加 0 .4 5Pg C,平均每年以 2 6.5Tg C的速率递增 ,这说明我国的森林起着一个轻微的CO2 “汇”的作用。然而 ,进一步对我国森林的平均碳密度分析发现 ,它们不仅呈逐渐下降的趋势 (分别是 3 9.1、4 3 .1、3 9.7和 3 8.7Mg C/hm2 ) ,而且也远低于世界的平均水平 ,这充分说明我国的森林质量比较差 ,幼龄林和残次林较多 ,但从另一个侧面也反映也如果对现有森林加以更好的抚育和管理 ,作为 CO2 的“汇”,我国森林还有很大的潜力。因此 ,需要指出的是虽然植树造林至关重要 ,但对现有森林的抚育管理也是不容忽视的。

摘　要： 依据油松林面积分布、林分生物量、地表枯落物，林下土壤有机质含量，估计中国油松林总储碳量约为２．８４７ ８×１０＾８ｔ，土壤有机碳占总储碳量的６５％。

根据国内外关于森林生物生产力的研究资料及其对全球气候变化响应的预测结果，本文对中国的森林生物生产力进行了归纳和总结，对其与全球气候变化的关系作了初步分析。结果表明，中国森林的总生物量为４．０～７． １Ｐｇ Ｃ（１ＰｇＣ＝１０~９ｔ Ｃ），均值为 ４． ６ Ｐｇ Ｃ，总生物生产力（不包括经济林和竹林）为 ０． ４～０． ６ Ｐｇ Ｃ· ａ~(－１)，均值为０． ５ Ｐｇ Ｃ· ａ~(－１)；按已知的全球变化预测结果，ＣＯ_２浓度倍增后，中国森林生产力将有所增加，增加的幅度因地区不同而异，变化于１２％～３５％之间。上述结果为我国今后的全球变化研究提供了总量参数。

摘　要： 在广泛收集资料的基础上，估算了我国主要森林生态系统的碳贮量和碳平衡通量，分析了它们的区域特征。主要结果如下：１）我国森林生态系统的平均碳密度是２５８．８３ｔ．ｈｍ＾－２，基本趋势是随纬度的增加而增加；其中植被的平均碳密度是５７．０７ｔ．ｈｍ＾－２，随纬度的增加而减少；土壤碳密度约是植被碳密度的３．４倍，其区域特点与植被碳密度呈相反趋势，随纬度升高而增加；凋落物层平均碳密度是８．２１ｔ．ｈｍ＾－２，

To improve the estimatation of carbon pool of forest ecosystems is very important in studying their CO 2 emission, uptake. The estimation of vegetation carbon pool in China has just begun. There is a significant difference among estimates from different methods applied. Based on forest inventory recorded by age class, the vegetation carbon storage of forest ecosystems in China was estimated to be 3.26～3.73Pg, accounting for 0.6～0.7% of the global pool. The carbon densities were difference among forest types, provinces, in range of 6.47～118.14Mg·hm -2 .There is an incremental tendency from southeast to north, west. This trend is negatively related with the change in population density in logarithmic mode, which indicates that the actual forest carbon density is prominently determined by human activities.

提高森林生态系统C贮量的估算精度,对于研究森林生态系统向大气吸收和排放含C气体量具有重大意义.中国的森林生态系统植物C贮量的研究刚刚开始,由于估算方法问题,不同估算结果存在着较大的差异.本研究以各林龄级森林类型为统计单元,得出中国森林生态系统的植物C贮量为3.26～3.73Pg,占全球的0.6～0.7%;各森林类型和省市间有较大的差异.森林生态系统植物C密度在各森林类型间差异比较大,介于6.47～118.14Mg·hm -2 ,并且有从东南向北和西增加的趋势.这种分布规律与我国人口密度的变化趋势正好相反,两者有一种对数关系.这说明我国实际森林植物C密度大小首先取决于人类活动干扰的程度.

In order to accurately estimate the size of carbon pool in the forest region of Xiaolong Mountains (Gansu Province, China), carbon content rates (CCRs) of dominant forest vegetations (13 tree species, 14 shrub species, 10 herbaceous plants) and the forest litters of 7 stand types were measured with dry combustion method. Based on the biomass data from sample plots, the average CCR of tree layer, carbon storage density and carbon storage of forest vegetation were calculated, as well as the carbon storage allocation of each component in 8 forest stands. The average CCR of the 13 tree species, Quercus Aliena var. Acuteserrata, Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus variabilis, Betula platyphylla, Betula albo-sinensis, Larix kaempferi, Pinus armandii, Picea asperata, Abies chensiensis, Fraxinus mandschurica, Cornus macrophylla, Acer mono, and Quercus liaotungensis ranges from 0.4501 to 0.5049. The mean CCR of shrubs (14), herbaceous plants (10) and forest litters (7 stands) are 0.4446, 0.3270 and 0.4221, respectively. In this region, the average CCR of tree layer in the 8 stands varies between 0.4676 and 0.4976. Results show that the carbon storage density of forest vegetation in Xiaolong Mountains is 39.4254 t hm -2 , and carbon storage is 13.3579 Tg. In the tested 8 stands, carbon storage allocations of tree layer, shrub layer, herb layer and forest litters are 98.07%±0.73%, 1.38%±0.43%, 0.17%±0.08% and 0.37%±0.37%, respectively. We conclude that the estimated tree layer carbon storage density in Xiaolong Mountains is similar to the reported value in other areas of China and around the world.

为准确估计甘肃小陇山林区森林植被的碳库大小，应用干烧法对该地区主要林分类型的13种乔木、14种灌木、10种草本植物的不同器官和7类林分的枯落物有机含碳率进行了测定，同时利用生物量标准地资料对8类林分的乔木层平均含碳率及森林植被的储碳密度和碳储量进行了估算，并分析了林分各组分的碳储量分配特征。结果表明：锐齿栎、油松、栓皮栎、白桦、红桦、日本落叶松、华山松、云杉、秦岭冷杉、水曲柳、大叶椋子木、五角枫、辽东栎13种乔木树种的器官平均含碳率范围为0.4501~0.5049，14种灌木和10种草本的器官平均含碳率分别为0.4446和0.3270，7类林分枯落物平均含碳率为0.4221。该地区8类林分的乔木层平均含碳率范围为0.4676~0.4976；小陇山林区森林植被层平均储碳密度为39.4254 t hm -2 ，总碳储量为133579 Tg。8类林分总碳储量分配中，乔木层占98.07%±0.73%，灌木层占1.38%±0.43%，草本层占0.17%±0.08%，枯落物层占0.37%±0.37%。甘肃小陇山8类林分乔木层的平均储碳密度值与我国及世界各地森林平均储碳密度的一些估计值基本接近。

To accurately estimate forest carbon storage is of significance in researching terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle and global change. Based on the survey data from the representative plots in Northeast China forest area (Da Xing’an Mountains, Xiao Xing’an Mountains, Zhangguangcai Mountains and Changbai Mountains) in 2007 and 2008 and the inventory data in the same period, and by using the models for estimating ground tree biomass, shrub biomass, and grass biomass and the Multi N/C 3000 for measuring forest carbon rate in laboratory, this paper calculated the forest biomass and carbon storage in the forest area, and analyzed the variation and stability of the forest carbon rates at different scales. There was an obvious difference in the carbon rates among tree organs, being the highest in leaf (04448), followed by in branch (0.4422), bark (0.4398), and trunk (0.4351). In Changbai and Zhangguangcai Mountains, coniferous forest had a higher carbon rate than broad-leaved forest; whereas in Daxing’an and Xiaoxing’an mountains, it was in adverse. In Northeast China forest area, the forest carbon rates were relatively stable, with a total value of 0.44.

准确估算森林生态系统碳储量对整个陆地生态系统碳循环及全球变化研究具有至关重要的作用.本研究利用2007、2008年东北林区(大兴安岭林区、小兴安岭林区、张广才岭和长白山林区)标准地调查数据及同一时期的一类样地清查数据,采用地面乔、灌、草生物量模型及实验室Multi N/C 3000分析仪测定的林木含碳率，计算不同尺度上森林生物量及碳储量,分析不同尺度森林含碳率的变化及稳定性.结果表明: 东北林区林木不同器官的含碳率差异明显,其平均含碳率为树叶(0.4448)＞树枝(0.4422)＞树皮(0.4398)＞树干(0.4351).张广才岭和长白山林区针叶林的含碳率高于阔叶林,而大、小兴安岭林区阔叶林的含碳率高于针叶林.研究区域森林的含碳率相对稳定,东北林区森林总含碳率为0.44.

Forest ecosystem is a vital component of terrestrial ecosystems and plays an important role in mitigating the global climate change. Using GIS technology, we evaluated data collected in 104 plots and the forestry inventory data, to estimate the organic carbon storage in forest ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, The tissues carbon content of dominant species varied between 44.59% and 54.45%, and the carbon content of forest litter ranged from 30.61% to 42.73% with an average of 36.38％. The mean organic carbon density of forest ecosystems was 117.68t?hm-2 that is lower than the average value for whole China. The average organic carbon density in vegetation layer was 24.15 t?hm-2 with the greatest density of 42.80 t?hm-2 in the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The mean organic carbon density of litter and soil was 2.74 t?hm-2 and 9.09 kg?m-2 , separately. The total organic carbon storage of forest ecosystems was about 286.14×106t, consisted of the vegetation layer (58.72×106t), litter (6.67×106t) and soil (220.74×106t). Pinus massoniana forests with the largest distribution area had the largest carbon storage of 77.24×106t, accounted for 26.99% of the total carbon storage in the region. Correspondingly, the vegetation layer, litter, and soil of Pinus massoniana forests had also the highest carbon storage of 20.70×106, 2.66×106, and 53.89×106t, compared with other forest types, respectively. The organic carbon density of forest ecosystems decreased from the southeastern area to the northwestern area. The highest density was found in Badon-Zigui,Wushan-Wuxi, Shizhi-Wulong, and southern Jiangjin. The present study revealed that both the quality and area of forest systems play an important role in determining the carbon storage. Hence, to enhance the carbon sink, it is needed to improve the forest quality and to expend the forest area.

森林生态系统作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，在减缓全球气候变化过程中发挥重要作用。基于104块样地调查和森林资源二类清查数据，运用GIS平台，对三峡库区森林生态系统有机碳密度及储量进行研究，结果表明：（1）三峡库区森林优势树种各器官的含碳率为44.59%～54.45%，森林凋落物含碳率为30.61%～42.73%，平均为36.38％；（2）三峡库区森林生态系统平均碳密度为117.68t·hm-2，低于我国森林平均水平；植被层碳密度平均为24.15 t·hm-2，其中常绿阔叶林植被层碳密度最高，达42.80 t·hm-2；枯落物层平均碳密度为2.74 t·hm-2，土壤有机碳密度平均为9.09 kg·m-2；（3）三峡库区森林生态系统总有机碳储量为286.14×106t，其中植被层碳储量为58.72×106t，凋落物碳储量为6.67×106t，土壤碳储量为220.74×106t；（4）三峡库区马尾松林分布面积最大，其总有机碳储量为77.24×106t，占三峡库区森林有机碳总储量的26.99%；在各森林类型中，马尾松林植被层、凋落物层和土壤层有机碳储量均最高，分别达到20.70 × 106t、2.66×106t和53.89×106t；（5）三峡库区森林有机碳密度呈现“东高西低”分布格局，巴东-秭归、巫山-巫溪、石柱-武隆及江津南部有机碳密度较高。在三峡库区提高森林质量、扩大森林面积是增强森林生态系统碳汇功能的有效途径。

Through the field investigation and laboratory analysis, the carbon storage of Qinghai spruce( Picea crassifolia )in Ningxia Helan Nature Reserve were studied. The results showed that Qinghai spruce( Picea crassifolia )forest was the important forest carbon pool in Ningxia Helan mountain where there were organic carbon storage of 24.771, 5.96, 0.491 and 18.32 kg·m -2 for total, the wood, the ground layer and the soil layer, respectively. These results showed that the soil organic carbon storage was the main organic carbon pool in Helan Qinghai spruce forest which accounted for 73.96% of the total organic carbon reserves.

通过实地调查取样和室内试验测定, 对宁夏贺兰山自然保护区青海云杉林碳储量进行了研究。结果表明, 青海云杉( Picea crassifolia )林是宁夏贺兰山主要的森林碳库之一, 总有机碳储量为24.771 kg·m -2 , 其中林木碳储量为5.960 kg·m -2 , 地被层有机碳碳储量为0.491 kg·m -2 , 土壤层有机碳储量为18.320 kg·m -2 。其中土壤层有机碳储量占总有机碳储量的比重达73.96%, 是青海云杉林主要的有机碳库。

Carbon accumulation and distribution were studied in plantation of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forest ecosystem in Daqingshan,Guangxi.The results shew that the mean carbon concentrations of two trees species was different, the total carbon concentrations of Pinus massoniana was much more than that of Cunninghamia lanceolata .The average carbon concentrations in all organs of  Pinus massoniana  was in the following order:wood(58.6%)>root(56.3%)>branch(51.2%)>bark(49.8%)>leaf(46.8%),the order of  Cunninghamia lanceolata was bark(52.2%)>leaf(51.8%)>wood(50.2%)>root(47.5%)>branch(46.7%).The carbon concentrations of soil (to 60cm) ranged from 1.45% to 1.84%,with an average of 1.70%.Carbon concentrations of surface soil(to 20cm) was higher than the other layer. The average carbon concentrations in different layers was in the order as: trees (51.1%)>standing litters(48.3%)>shrub (44.1%)>herb (33.0%). The biomass of trees in three plots ranged from 85.35 t•hm －２ to 101.35 t•hm －２ ,with average of 93.83 t•hm －２ ,which was contributed mainly by Pinus massoniana (75.7%～82.6%). The biomass of understory plant was 2.10～3.95 t•hm －２ , with an average of 2.72 t•hm －２ . Standing stock of ground litter was 5.49～7.91 t•hm －２ ,with an average of 6.75 t•hm－２.The carbon storage order of mixed forest ecosystem was soil layer>vegetation >standing litter. Of total average carbon, 29.03% was distributed by vegetation component,69.02% by soil (60cm depth),only 1.82% by standing ground litter layer. The carbon storage of tree layer occupied 23.90% of total ecosystem and 97.7% of vegetation layer. Of total carbon storage in tree layer,65.39% was distributed by Pinus massoniana. The carbon storage in different organs was positively related to the biomass of corresponding organs. Trunk accumulated the highest carbon storage, comprising 53.23% of carbon storage in overstorey trees of Pinus massoniana, respectively seized 55.57% of Cunninghamia lanceolata. Root made up 19.22% of total tree carbon. The annual net productivity of mixed forest plantation was 11.46 t•hm －２ •a －１ ,stored carbon up to 5.96 t•hm －２ •a －１ ,amounted CO ２ to 21.88 t•hm －２ •a －１ . Forest was a important sink of atmospheric CO ２ .

选取广西大青山3个13年生马尾松、杉木混交林样区，研究其生态系统的碳素积累和分配特征。结果表明,混交林中两个树种的碳素含量各异。马尾松干、根、枝的碳素含量较高，分别为58.6%、56.3%、51.2%，叶和皮含量较低，变化幅度为46.8%～56.3%。各器官中按碳素含量的高低排列顺序为:干＞根 ＞枝＞ 皮 ＞叶；杉木皮、叶、干的碳素含量较高，分别为52.2%、51.8%、50.2%，碳素含量从高到低依次为:皮＞叶＞干＞根＞枝。从两个树种各器官碳总含量来看，马尾松要高于杉木。灌木层、草本层及地表凋落物层碳素平均含量分别为44.1%、33.0%及48.3%。土壤3个层次(60cm深)碳素含量为1.45%～1.84%，各层次碳素含量分布不均，表层（0～20cm）土壤碳素含量较高。针叶混交林乔木层生物量（t•hm －２ ）为85.35～101.35，平均为93.83，且均以马尾松生物量居多（占75.7%～82.6%）。混交林生态系统碳库的空间分布序列为土壤层>植被层>凋落物层。植被层的碳贮量平均为51.91 t•hm －２ ，占整个生态系统碳总贮量的29.03%；乔木层碳贮量占整个生态系统的23.90%，占植被层碳贮量的97.7%。乔木层碳贮量中，马尾松占的比例较大，为65.39%。碳贮量在两个树种各器官中的分配，基本与各自的生物量成正比例关系，树干的碳贮量均最高，马尾松、杉木的树干碳贮量分别占各自碳贮量的53.23%、55.57%，树干的碳总贮量占乔木层碳总贮量的54%。其次，两个树种根也占较大比例，树根碳总贮量占乔木层碳总贮量的19.22%。马尾松、杉木枝、皮在各自碳的贮量中分配不同，马尾松枝占的比例要大于皮，而杉木则相反；凋落物层碳贮量平均为3.25 t•hm －２ ，仅占1.82%；林地土壤层（0～60 cm）碳贮量是相当可观的，平均为123.43 t•hm －２ ，占69.02%。马尾松、杉木混交林年净生产力为11.46 t•hm －２ •a －１ ，有机碳年净固定量为5.96 t•hm －２ •a －１ ，折合成CO２的量为21.88 t•hm －２ •a －１ 。

This study used permanent sampling plots data to investigate the carbon density of a Chinese fir plantation ecosystem. The results show that the carbon density of branches and leaves of different ages varied with the season in the following order: winter>autumn>summer>spring. The average foliar carbon density was 0.5044 gC·g~(-1) with a coefficient of variation of 2.08%. The average carbon density for branches was 0.4479 gC·g~(-1) with a coefficient of variation of 2.25%. The foliar carbon density in the ve...

利用定位观测数据 ,对杉木人工林生态系统的碳素密度进行了探讨。结果表明 :不同年龄的杉木枝、叶中碳素密度的季节变化规律均表现为冬季 >秋季 >夏季 >春季。叶的碳素密度平均为 0 .5 0 4 4 g C· g- 1 ,变异系数 2 .0 8% ,枝的碳素密度平均为0 .4 4 79g C· g- 1 ,变异系数为 2 .2 5 %。不同层次的叶碳素密度的变化范围在 0 .4 6 12 g C· g- 1 ～ 0 .5 5 2 4 g C· g- 1 之间 ,平均值的大小排列顺序为 :上层叶 >中层叶 >下层叶。不同层次枝条的碳素密度在 0 .3917g C·g- 1～ 0 .4 96 5 g C· g- 1之间 ,平均值的大小次序为 :中层枝 >上层枝 >下层枝。 10年生杉木各器官的碳素密度变化范围为 0 .4 5 2 9g C·g- 1～ 0 .4 972 g C·g- 1 ,11年生的为 0 .4 5 80 g C· g- 1 ～ 0 .5 0 2 2 g C· g- 1 ,14年生的为 0 .4 5 80 g C· g- 1 ～ 0 .5 0 93g C· g- 1 之间 ,变异系数范围为 1.6 8%~8.44%。不同器官的碳素密度按高低排列基本上为树叶>树皮>树根>树干>树枝>球果。随着杉木林年龄的增长，林下植被各组分、死地被物的碳素密度变化规律不明显。同一林分中各层次植物的碳素密度高低排列顺序为：乔木层>灌木层>草本层>。10年生和14年生杉木林土壤各层的碳素密度随土壤深度的增加而逐渐下降。

Organic carbon concentration of plants is one of the key factors for the research on forest carbon sink. This paper summarized the research progress of forest vegetation carbon concentration in the last 20 years and the existing problems and development trend as well as. It was the pointed out that the studies of Chinese vegetation carbon concentration mainly focused on Northeastern China, East China and some areas in the northwest and southwest of China. Now, the main approaches to determine the organic carbon concentration of plants are wet burning and dry burning, while the H 2 SO 4 -K 2 Cr 2 O 7 and the elemental analyzer are also used. The former research revealed that the carbon concentration of different species, organs, and the same organs in different species has significant differences. In addition, many factors have the significant effect on carbon concentration, such as woody composition, the relative position of organs, the dry temperature, the regional difference, provenance, climate and site, etc. The study of undergrowth is an important part of the forest carbon storage research.Based on the above key issues, the future research directions were pointed out as: 1) the stability of carbon concentration of the same species at the different regions; 2) to refine the influencing factors and increase the accuracy of the carbon sink estimation; 3) the differences of carbon concentration in different areas; 4) to strengthen the study of the undergrowth carbon concentration.

植物有机碳含量是研究森林碳储量的关键因素之一,文中总结了近20年森林植被含碳率研究的状况、存在问题和发展趋势。指出中国植被含碳率的研究主要集中在华北、华东、西北和西南的部分地区。目前,测定植物有机碳主要有湿烧法和干烧法,另外也有少部分根据分子式或重量法计算植物有机碳含量。森林生态系统中不同树种、不同树种不同器官、相同树种不同器官的含碳率差异显著,另外,木质组成、器官的相对位置、干燥温度、地区差异、种源、气候、立地等因素对含碳率有一定影响。林下植被是森林碳储量研究的重要组成部分,但现有研究很少涉及林下各层植被。指出未来的研究重点为: 1)相同树种在不同区域的含碳率稳定性;2)在提高碳储量估算精度的前提下精炼含碳率的影响因子;3)补充时间序列上含碳率的差异性;4)加强对林下植被含碳率的研究。

A precise estimation of vegetation carbon storage is the key of illustrating the effects of vegetative restoration on the carbon balance in terrestrial ecosystem. In common, this carbon storage is estimated by carbon concentration coefficient and biomass. This paper collected the actual data of various plants carbon concentration, and analyzed the characteristics of the carbon concentration in different plant life types, plant tissues, and different areas. The results showed that plant carbon concentration was in the range of 24.95%-55.44%, with an average of (43.63±0.14) %. The average carbon concentration of different life types was arbor (46.22%)＞ shrub (45.93%)＞bryophyte (41.64%)＞herbage (37.13%), and that of different tissues was flower (48.52%)＞fruit (47.19%)＞branch (45.42%)＞stem (44.48%)＞leaf (43.36%)＞root (42.88%). As for different geographical areas, the average carbon concentration was high latitude area (50.30%)＞low latitude area (45.30%)＞middle latitude area (39.68%), and there were significant differences among different climatic types. As a result, error always existed when fixed coefficients were used to estimate the carbon storage.

精确评估植被碳贮量是阐明植被恢复对全球陆地生态系统碳平衡影响的核心。碳贮量一般根据碳含量系数与生物量来估计。本文收集了植物碳含量实测数据，分析了不同生长型植物、植物构件和不同区域植物的碳含量状况及其特点，结果表明：植物碳含量在24.95%～55.44%，平均为(43.63±0.14)%；不同生长类型植物平均碳含量是乔木（46.22%）＞灌木（45.93%）＞苔藓（41.64%）＞草本（37.13%）；不同的构件的碳含量是花（48.52% ）＞果（47.19%）＞枝（45.42%）＞干（44.48%）＞叶（43.36%）＞根（42.88%）；不同地带的碳含量是高纬度地区（50.30%）＞低纬度地区（45.30%）＞中纬度地区（39.68%），且不同气候型之间均有显著差异。因此，用固定的碳含量系数来估计碳贮量存在较大误差。

A experiment was conducted to investigate the soil organic carbon density and oxidative stability coefficient among four grasslands by multilayer sampling method, including twoyear alfalfa single pasture, Bromus innermis single pasture, interlacing mixture pasture of alfalfa and B. innermis, and inline mixture pasture of alfalfa and B. innermis. This study indicated that the soil organic carbon density was the biggest with the 11.59 t/hm2 in the interlacing mixture pasture of alfalfa and B. innermis, and was the second in the alfalfa single pasture during the growth season. The soil organic carbon density in the interlacing mixture pasture of alfalfa and B. innermis and alfalfa single pasture was significantly greater than that in the B. innermis single pasture and inline mixture pasture of alfalfa and B. innermis (P＜0.01). The highest oxidative stability coefficient was found in the interlaced mixture pasture of alfalfa and B. innermis with 1.28 and the oxidative stability coefficient was 1.16 in the inline mixture pasture of alfalfa and B. innermis. The oxidative stability coefficient of alfalfa single pasture and B. innermis single pasture were 1.00 and 0.85, respectively. This study implied that Mixed sowing was the better for the stabilization of soil organic matter and interlacing mixture method was better than inline mixture method.

2007年在内蒙古民族大学农学院试验农场以种植2年的单播紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、单播无芒雀麦(Bromus innermis)、隔行混播和同行混播人工草地为研究对象，采用分层取样法研究了不同播种方式对土壤有机碳密度及氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明：在牧草生长时期，土壤有机碳密度以隔行混播草地最大，为11.59 t/hm2，其次为单播紫花苜蓿草地，二者显著高于单播无芒雀麦草地、同行混播草地(P＜0.01)；氧化稳定系数，隔行混播草地最大(1.28)，同行混播草地次之(1.16)，二者亦显著(P＜0.05)高于单播紫花苜蓿草地(1.00)、单播无芒雀麦草地(0.85)；表明混播有利于土壤有机碳的稳定，且隔行混播较之同行混播更有利于土壤有机碳的积累。

Taking the secondary forest in Maoershan Mountain of Northeast China as study object, the biomass allocation of its understory plants (including tree-like plants and typical shrub categories) was investigated, and the allometry of the components biomass (foliage M L , new branch M NB , old branch M OB , small root M SR , large root M LR , branch M BR , aboveground M AG , and belowground M BG ) versus each other and each component biomass against plant size was analyzed. The biomass allocation of the understory plants complied with allometry theory, and the allometry power exponents of the components biomass were plastic. The M L ∝M NB (0.924-1.055), M OB ∝M LR (0.917-1.024), M BR ∝M LR (1.095-1.164), and M AG ∝M BG (1.064-1.125) were isometry, the power (0.585-0.700) of new branch biomass scaling old branch biomass was nearly to 0.67, the foliage biomass nearly scaled the 0.75 power of branch biomass (0.742-0.795), the power exponent (0.853-0.918) of foliage biomass scaling root biomass was nearly to 0.86, and the allometry power of small root biomass scaling large root biomass was 0.658-0.750. The biomass allocation of understory plants complied with allometry partitioning theory, and the component biomass proportions of foliage, new branch, old branch, small root, and large root were 5.83%-20.60%, 0.83%-7.42%, 36.25%-68.24%, 1.32%-6.75%, and 16.38%-42.88%, respectively, with the root/shoot ratio being 0.272-0.866. The plant biomass allocation partitioning varied with plant species and plant size. For understory plants, the biomass allocation of foliage, new branch, and small root and the root/shoot ratio -decreased significantly ( P P P >0.05).

以帽儿山天然次生林主要下木树种为研究对象，探讨了植物生物量器官（叶、新枝、多年枝、细根、粗根）分配特征及其与物种和个体大小的关系。结果表明：1)林下植物器官生物量的相对生长遵循异速生长理论，相对生长关系并不唯一。叶与新（0.924～1.055）、多年枝与粗根（0.917～1.024）和地上部分与地下部分（1.064～1.125）近于等.速生长，新枝与多年枝（0.585～0.700），叶与总枝（0.742～0.795），叶与总根（0.853～0.918），以及细根与粗根（0.658～0.750）的生物量相对生长表现为异速生长。2)林下植物生物量器官分配遵循异速生长分配理论，叶、新枝、多年枝、细根和粗根等的生物量比例依次是5.83%～20.60%、0.83%～7.42%、36.25%～68.24%、1.32%～6.75%和16.38%～42.88%、根冠比是0.272～0.866。3)器官生物量比例与物种和植物大小等有关，各植物的器官生物量比例有差异，随植物生长，各植物生物量的叶分配、新枝分配、细根分配和根冠比明显减小、多年枝分配明显增加（ P P >0.05）。

One-year old seedlings of six hardwood species, Michelia macclurei, Castanopsis fissa, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Castanopsis kawakamii, Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia and Castanopsis lamontii, were separately planted under the overstory of 25-year-old Masson’s pine plantation, and developed into closed mixed stands after 16 years of management. By harvesting and measuring the average sample trees collected from the plots, a group of allometric growth equations were established to estimate the allocation patterns of biomass and net primary productivity in the above six mixed stands and also the pure Masson’s pine plantation. The whole-tree biomasses were 216.41 t/hm 2 , 260.06 t/hm 2 , 221.92 t/hm 2 , 221.65 t/hm2, 246.13 t/hm 2 and 201.04 t/hm 2 , respectively, for the mixtures, and 201.04 t/hm2 for the pure pine stand. The percent allocation to aboveground biomass was in the range of 81.4% to 83.7%, with little difference among the stand types. In the mixtures, the pine trees in the upper canopy accounted for 72.5%85.4% of the total biomass, the lower hardwoods for 27.5%14.6%. For all the stand types, allocation to stems was the greatest, making up 56.4%64.8% of the sum, followed by roots (16.3%18.6%), branches (9.0%16.9%), barks (4.9%7.3%), with foliage the least (1.1%4.3%). For pine trees in the mixtures, average allocation percentages to stems, barks, branches, foliage, and roots were 63.9%, 6.5%, 10.8%, 1.0% and 17.9%, respectively, but for the hardwoods 42.0%, 4.6%, 27.6%, 12.2% and 13.6%, respectively. In the mixtures, the average dead-to-living branch ratio was 0.47, quite higher than the pure stand, suggesting the upward growth by hardwoods in the mixtures accelerated the natural pruning of the forests. The spatial pattern of the biomasses varied greatly between pure and mixed stands, with 67.1% of the total biomass being distributed in the height of 09 meters for the mixtures, and 53.7% for the pure. In addition, the first whorl of living branches and foliage were present at the height of 23 meters above the ground in the mixtures, but 1314 meters in the pure pine stand. In the mixtures, roots of the hardwoods were mostly distributed at the soil depth of 040 cm, occupying 74%99% of the total belowground biomass, but very sparse under 60 cm; pine roots were mainly concentrated at the depth of 020 cm and under 60 cm, making up 26% and 49% of the biomass, respectively. In the mixtures, more fine roots were distributed in the soils under 40 cm, but in the pure stand, more fine roots found in the surface soil (040 cm). The net primary productivity (NPP) was estimated to be between 10.60 and 15.25 t/（hm 2 •a） for the mixtures, and 7.34 t/（hm 2 •a） for the pure. The NPP for each component of the pine trees varied with the stand types, but decreased in the order: stem＞foliage＞branch＞bark＞root. For the hardwoods except Castanopsis fissa, foliage exhibited the greatest NPP, followed by stems, branches, and roots, barks the least. Significant nonlinear relations were found between NPP and two biomass proportion parameters: the photosynthetic organs/aboveground ratio (X1) and fine roots/belowground ratio (X2), developed into a predicatable formula: NPP=5.5745+1.1985 X1+2.6479 X22. In all the studied stands, fine roots (d＜2 mm) averagely held about 0.2% of the total biomass, but 2.9% of the NPP.

在25年生的马尾松林下分别套种1年生火力楠、闽粤栲、苦槠、格氏栲、青栲和拉氏栲幼苗，经过16a的培育后形成了郁闭的针阔混交异龄林。应用分层平均标准木收获法，建立相对生长方程，对上述6种混交林及马尾松纯林的生物量与生产力分配格局进行了研究。6个混交林的林木总生物量分别为216.41、260.06、221.92、221.65、246.13 t/hm 2 及201.04 t/hm 2 ，而马尾松纯林的生物量为204.37 t/hm2；其中地上部分占81.4%～83.7%，林分之间差异较小。在混交林中，处于主林层的马尾松生物量占林分总生物量的比例为73.5%～85.4%。在各林分生物量组成中，干材生物量最大，占总生物量的56.4%～64.8%，其它组分所占的比例依次为根（16.3%～18.6%）＞枝（9.0%～16.9%）＞皮（4.9%～7.3%）＞叶（1.1%～4.3%）。生物量的空间结构在马尾松纯林和混交林之间存在明显差异，混交林中0～9 m高度的生物量分配比例（67.1%）明显大于马尾松纯林（53.7%）；混交林中，在2～3 m高度就出现了枝、叶的分布，而马尾松纯林中则出现在13～14 m。混交林中，阔叶树根系的生物量主要集中于0～40 cm土层，占根系总生物量的74%～99%，60 cm以下土层则根系分布很少，而马尾松的根系则主要分布于土壤表层（0～20 cm）和60 cm以下土层，分别占总生物量的26%和49%。各混交林分的净初级生产力为10.60～15.25 t/(hm 2 •a)，而马尾松纯林的生产力仅7.34 t/(hm 2 •a)。林分净初级生产力（NPP）与光合器官/地上部分生物量比（ X 1 ）、细根生物量/地下部分生物量比（ X 2 ）存在显著的非线形关系：NPP=5.5745+1.1985  X 1 +2.6479  X 2 2 。在所研究的林分中，细根（ d <2mm）生物量占林分总生物量的平均比例为0.2%，但细根生产力占林分净生产力的平均比达2.9%。

Estimation modeling of the total biomass of shrubs is associated with certain difficulties. Moreover, merely studying the effect of organ allocation adaptability on shrub biomass is not sufficient. Thus, to investigate the effectiveness of biomass estimation modeling on organ allocation in plants, we focused on six common shrub species found in the forests of Tianshan Mountains, northwest China. To conduct a community investigation, we selected three sample areas in the eastern, central, and western regions of Tianshan Mountains. A number of whole standard plants from six shrub species were harvested to determine total biomass, which was divided into the, biomass of the roots, branches, and leaves, along with different classes of root diameter. D 2 H (the square of the diameter multiplied by height) and V (the area of the crown multiplied by height) were selected as the independent variables in the estimation models. Optimal estimation models for the total biomass of the six shrub species were constructed using regression analysis. These models were used to compare differences in total biomass allocation to vegetative organs and in biomass allocation to roots of each root diameter class in the shrub species. The following results were obtained. First, the total biomass of Berberis heteropoda , Lonicera hispida , and Cotoneaster melanocarpus was approximately 8.48 to 9.01 kg, whereas that of Rosa spinosissima , Spiraea hypericifolia , and Juniperus pseudosabina was approximately 2.71 to 3.20 kg. Second, the optimal estimation models for the total biomass of R. spinosissima , S. hypericifolia , and C. melanocarpus were functions based on V as an independent variable, whereas those for B. heteropoda , L. hispida , and J. pseudosabina were functions based on D 2 H as an independent variable. The value of R 2 for each estimation model was greater than 0.850, and all the models reached a high degree of accuracy at the 0.05 significance level. Third, differences in the proportional allocation of total biomass to roots and branches of the six shrub species were not significant, whereas that to leaves was significant at the 0.05 significance level. The root biomass of all six shrub species decreased with decreasing root diameter class, with significant differences in the proportional allocation of biomass to roots in roots with a diameter greater than 2 mm (significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 significance levels for roots with diameters greater than 20 mm). For all examined shrub species, we conclude that the differences in total biomass allocation to vegetative organs and in biomass allocation to the roots of each diameter class reflect adaptive strategies to their respective habitats.

灌木全株生物量估算模型的构建仍存在一定困难,对灌木生物量在器官分配上所体现的适应性研究也不够充分。以天山林区6种常见灌木为研究对象,在天山的东段、中段、西段林区分别设置样地进行群落调查,由此以全株收获法取得6种常见灌木若干标准株的全株、根、枝、叶及各径级根的生物量,将 D 2 H (地径平方与高度的乘积)与 V (冠幅面积与高度的乘积)分别选为估测模型的自变量,通过回归分析法建立了各种灌木全株生物量的最优估算模型,然后比较了此6种灌木全株生物量在营养器官上分配差异以及根系生物量在径级上的分配差异。结果表明:(1)天山林区6种常见灌木中,小檗( Berberis heteropoda Schrenk)、忍冬( Lonicera hispida Pall. ex Roem. et Schuet.)、栒子( Cotoneaster melanocarpus Lodd.)的全株生物量约为8.48-9.01 kg,蔷薇( Rosa spinosissima L.)、绣线菊( Spiraea hypericifolia L.)、方枝柏( Juniperus pseudosabina Fisch. et Mey.)的全株生物量约为2.71-3.20 kg;(2)蔷薇、绣线菊、栒子的全株生物量最优估测模型是以 V 为自变量的函数,小檗、忍冬、方枝柏的全株生物量最优估测模型是以 D 2 H 为自变量的函数,各模型 R 2 值均在0.850以上,且在 P P P P < 0.01水平);(4)6种灌木全株生物量在营养器官上的分配差异以及根系生物量在径级上的分配差异均体现了各物种对其生境选择的适应策略。

Qilian Mountains, which sites at the northeast line of the Tibet Plateau, is the major ecological barrier of the Hexi Corridor and the provinces and regions in the downstream, and its ecosystem is complex and fragile. Under the background of global climate change, the accelerating melting glaciers will influence the global climate, threaten the security of the human living condition and it may change the ecotope and habit of much propagation. The alpine shrubs of the Qilian Mountains, which sits beyond the tree line of the[WTBX] Picea crassifolia[WTBZ] forest, is the most effective forest type, therefore, to study the biomass of the alpine shrubs in the Qilian Mountains is the main reflection of the productivity of the ecosystem, the main measure of the structure and function of the community. And because the biomass of the shrubs is impacted by the elevation gradient and environmental factors, including the limitation of the field investigation in the high altitude, the response process made by shrub biomass to the elevation gradient is not clear. So, this study took the alpine shrubs at the elevation of 3 300-3 700 m in the Pailugou Catchment of the Qilian Mountains as the research object, the plot, subplot harvesting method and mining trenches method were used to observe the total biomass and organic biomass of the shrubs with various elevation gradients and also to analyze the relationship between the distribution characteristics of the shrubs biomass and environmental factors. The aim of this paper is to provide important theoretical basis and data for the protection of ecological environment of watershed and the response of alpine shrub to global climate change. Taking the alpine shrubs above timberline of Picea crassifolia in the Qilian Mountains as a test object, the traditional harvesting method and mining trenches method were used to observe the alpine shrubs organic biomass. The dry weight data and distribution characteristics of the leaf biomass, shoot biomass, fibrous root biomass, rootlet biomass, and thick root biomass were analyzed. The results show that the total biomass of alpine shrubs in the Qilian Mountains is 12 869.39±3 306.16 kg/hm2( Mean±Sd, n =10),  for the distribution of the organic biomass, the stem takes the biggest part which accounts for 32.21%, the ratio of leaf biomass, fibrous root biomass, rootlet biomass, thick root biomass are 15.70%、14.06%、11.13% and 26.90% separately.  In the different altitudes the ratio of the organic biomass is with significant difference, the average value of aboveground biomass is 6 097.17 kg/hm 2 , and underground biomass is 6 772.22 kg/hm 2 . And the ratios of root biomass to stem biomass are between 0.56-1.93, with the biggest ratio at an elevation of 3 500 m. There is an obvious negative relationship ( R 2 = 0.898 7， p <0.01) between biomass of alpine shrubs and altitudes. As the altitude increases, the total biomass, aboveground biomass and underground biomass of the alpine shrubs all reduce.

分布于青海云杉林上线的祁连山高山灌丛是祁连山水源涵养林效益最佳林型，研究高山灌丛生物量是生态系统生产力的重要体现，也是群落结构和功能的主要测度之一。以祁连山排露沟流域3 300～3 700 m高山灌丛为研究对象，采用标准地、样方收获法以及壕沟挖掘方法，对不同海拔高度10个固定样地灌丛生物量，器官生物量进行调查，分析了不同海拔梯度灌丛的叶、枝、须根、细根、粗根烘干重数据及其生物量分配特征。结果表明：祁连山高山灌丛总生物量为12 869.39±3 306.16 kg/hm 2 (平均值±标准差， n =10)，其中器官分配以枝生物量所占比例最高，达32.21%，叶、须根、细根、粗根的比例分别为15.70%、14.06%、11.13%和26.90%。不同海拔梯度灌丛生物量器官分配比例差异较大，地上生物量平均为6 097.17kg/hm 2 ，地下生物量平均为6 772.22kg/hm 2 ，不同海拔根茎比在0.56～1.93之间变化，海拔3 500 m处根茎比达最大。祁连山高山灌丛生物量与海拔呈现显著的负相关（ R 2 = 0.898 7， p ＜0.01），随着海拔的升高，灌丛总生物量，地上以及地下生物量均呈现下降的趋势。研究结果可为内陆河流域生态环境的保护及其高山灌丛对全球气候变化的响应研究提供重要理论依据和应用资料。

Investigation of spatial distribution of biomass of shrub in desert and desertified regions is essential to evaluate carbon storage in desert ecosystem. In this paper, spatial patterns of desert shrub biomass were studied based on data from sites in the Qaidam Basin, by using quadrat harvest method. We found that spatial distribution of desert shrub biomass is highly spatial heterogeneous in desert regions of the basin, which ranges from 11.11 t·5hm -2 to 58.36 t·5hm -2 , with an average of 27.15 t·5hm -2 . The shrub layer biomass is the most important component of the total biomass in the terrestrial ecosystem, which accounts for 92.91% of the total biomass. The aboveground biomass is much larger than the belowground biomass, the aboveground biomass is 7.93-46.10 t·5hm -2 , and the belowground biomass is 1.15-25.46 t·5hm -2 , and the ratio of root to shoot ranges from 0.07 to 2.45. The vegetation biomass in desert varies in different organs, generally speaking, the biomass in branch and stem were larger than in root, and the biomass in foliage is the smallest (38.05%, 34.92%, 27.03%, respectively). The main factors that affect the vegetation biomass and its allocation are shrub height and soil moisture.

选择柴达木盆地的8种荒漠灌丛为研究对象，利用样方收获法对生物量及其分配格局进行了研究。结果表明：柴达木盆地荒漠灌丛生物量的空间分布具有高度异质性，介于11.11~58.63 t·hm -2 ，平均为27.15 t·hm -2 。灌木层生物量是整个荒漠生态系统最重要的生物量组分，占总生物量的92.71%。灌木层地上生物量的变幅为7.93~46.10 t·hm -2 ，地下生物量的变幅为1.15~25.64 t·hm -2 。地上生物量远大于地下生物量，根冠比介于0.07~2.45。几种荒漠植被的生物量在各个器官间分配格局为：枝生物量>根生物量>叶生物量，分别占建群种生物量的比例为38.05%、34.92%、27.03%。影响柴达木生物量及其分配的因子主要是灌木的高度及土壤含水量。

在样方调查和实测生物量的基础上,采用相对生长法对28年生铁力 木人工林碳储量及其分配特征进行了研究。结果表明：铁力木各器官碳含量在452.4~524.5 g∕kg之间,大小排序为：树叶>树干>树枝>树根>树皮；土壤碳含量以表土层最高,且随土层深度增加而降低；铁力木人工林乔木 层生物量和碳储量分别为165.8和79.3 t∕hm2,分配顺序均为树干>树枝>树根>树叶>树皮；铁力木人工林生态系统生物量与碳储量分别为173.5和203.1 t∕hm2,生物量的分配主要集中在乔木层(95.6%),碳储量的分配顺序为土壤层(59.3%)>乔木层(39.0%)>地被层 (1.7%)；林下植被碳含量为地上部分>地下部分,而生物量和碳储量的分配均为地上部分<地下部分。

Caragana korshinskii is one of the important sand-fixation plants in loess plateau ecosystem. The biomass allocation patterns of Caragana korshinskii with different plant heights were analyzed and the estimation model of above-ground, below-ground and whole plant biomass using simple indicators were simultaneously built. Results showed that the proportion of above-ground biomass was ordered as older branch > leaf > new branch. The proportion of older branch biomass increased with increasing cluster height, while leaf and new branch biomass decreased. The underground biomass of Caragana korshinskii decreased along with the increase of soil layers. Root biomass mainly located in 0~30 cm soil layer, especially 0~5 cm, and the proportion of underground biomass differed from different plant heights in the same soil layer. The proportion of older branch biomass increased with the increase of plant height, while leaf, new branch and underground biomass were decreased. In addition, optimal estimation model was built using crown width diameter (C), height (CH) and crown width volume (V). Estimation model built with small-and medium-sized plants presented quadratic function, while estimation model built with large plants showed exponential function. The RS and RMA ranges of the optimal biomass estimation model were-3.9~-18.08 and 10.12~18.67.

采用整株挖掘法测量小株（0 100cm）3个株高的柠条（ Caragana korshinskii ）地上与地下器官生物量，分析其地上与地下生物量分配格局，并利用易测指标对其地上、地下和全株生物量构建估测模型，旨在揭示不同株高柠条的生物量空间结构特征。结果表明：柠条地上各器官生物量所占比例为老龄枝 >叶 >新生枝，随着株丛高度的增加，老龄枝生物量所占比例呈升高趋势，而叶和新生枝生物量呈现降低趋势；柠条地下生物量随着土壤层次增加而呈降低趋势，3个株高柠条的地下生物量主要集中在0~30cm，其中0~5cm所占比例最高，且同一层不同株高的柠条地下生物量所占比例不同；柠条地上、地下生物量呈幂函数生长关系，地上生物量所占比例高于地下生物量，随株高增大老龄枝所占比例呈升高趋势，而叶、新生枝和地下生物量所占比例呈降低趋势。利用冠幅直径、高和冠幅体积构建的柠条地上、地下及全株生物量的模型较好，小珠和中株建立的估测模型为二次函数，大株建立的估测模型为幂函数，所筛选出来的3个株高最优生物量模型总相对误差（RS）范围为-3.9~-18.08，平均相对误差绝对值（RMA）范围为10.12~18.67，满足要求。

Biomass mainly reflected the accumulated energy by plant. Plant species have evolved specialized strategies to regulate biomass allocation among various organs or between above- and belowground biomass(R/S). Biomass allocation can affect carbon turnover among different pools and the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling. We investigated biomass allocation patterns and characters of root distribution of four common shrubs on individual levels in desert area, southeast of the Tengger Desert, China. Our results indicated that the biomass allocation strategy in above ground organs were different among four shrubs, the R/S were also different. These results reflect every shrub have evolved their unique growth strategy. The canopy and biomass increased and R/S decreased with the growth of shrubs. Shrubs may have higher competition needs for limited resources at the young than older stage. Root biomass distribution are different among Kalidium foliatum (in the uppermost 0-30 cm of the soil), Salsola passerina (in the uppermost 0-50 cm of the soil), Ceratoides latens and Reaumuria soongorica (in the uppermost 0-70 cm of the soil). Reduced major axis analysis showed that the slopes of the relationship between above- and belowground biomass of Ceratoides lateens, Salsola passerine and Reaumuria soongorica close to 1, which support  isometric scaling hypothesis. However, the slope of the relationship between above- and belowground biomass of Kalidium foliatum was significantly different from 1.0, which dont support this hypothesis. There is a significant linear relationship between above- and belowground biomass after logarithmic transformation. The relationship can be used to estimate belowground biomass effectively.

生物量是植物积累能量的主要体现,其在各器官中的分配是植物对环境适应的结果,反映了植物的生长策略。生物量分配会影响不同碳库之间的碳周转,进而影响陆地生态系统碳循环。选取腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠草地的4种优势灌木种,采用全挖法在个体水平上研究了各器官的生物量以及地下-地上生物量关系(根冠比R/S),试图揭示生物量在各器官中以及地下-地上的分配格局。结果表明:不同物种生物量在地上部分各器官中的分配策略不同;R/S也不相同,其中红砂（Reaumuria soongarica）最大(中值为0.972),珍珠（Salsola  passerina） (中值为0.744）和驼绒藜（Ceratoides latens）(中值为0.670)次之,盐爪爪（Kalidium foliatum）最小(中值为0.179),这表明4种灌木具有各自独特的生长策略。随着灌木的生长,冠幅和生物量不断增大,R/S呈下降趋势,说明植物在开始生长阶段对限制性的水分和养分可能有更高的竞争需求。4种灌木的根系分布在不同种间也存在差异,盐爪爪根系较浅(主要分布在0～30 cm土层),其次是珍珠（主要分布在0～50 cm土层),驼绒藜和红砂的根系分布较深(主要分布在0～70 cm土层)。驼绒藜、红砂和珍珠的地下-地上生物量分配模式支持等速生长假说,而盐爪爪的地下-地上生物量分配模式则不支持该假说。4种灌木的地上生物量与地下生物量(经对数转换)均呈极显著的线性相关关系(p

Pinus yunnanensis forest is an important component of coniferous forest ecosystems on Tibet Plateau. To accurately estimate the carbon storage of the  P. yunnanensis  forest ecosystem is of significance to understand the carbon sequestration of forest ecosystems in Tibet, and also, to provide basic data for estimating the carbon sequestration potential of forest ecosystems on Tibet Plateau and in China. In this paper, an investigation was conducted on the biomass and carbon storage of the  P. yunnanensis  forest of different ageclasses. Based on the data from twelve sampling plots and forty seven sample trees, the biomass regression equations of each organ (leaf, branch, stem, and root) of P. yunnanensis based on tree height and diameter at breast height were established. Then, the biomass and carbon storage of young, middle age, premature, and mature  P. yunnanensis forests were calculated. The results showed that the exponential model was an appropriate regression model for estimating the biomass of each organ based on the tree height and the diameter at breast height of  P. yunnanensis  ( R 2 >0.90). The total vegetation biomass of the young, middleage, premature, and mature  P. yunnanensis  ecosystems was (63.80±9.21), (134.76±12.69), (142.91±13.02), and (316.72±42.57) t·hm -2 , of which, the biomass of tree layer was (49.48±10.32), (120.57±9.37), (124.70±12.92), and (304.76±32.47) t·hm -2 , the biomass of shrub and herb layer was (13.09±3.02), (12.81±2.54), (11.88±3.12), and (3.47±0.98) t·hm -2 , and the biomass of litter layer was (1.23±0.24), (1.38±0.31), (0.72±0.11), and (1.13±0.39) t·hm -2 , respectively. The carbon storage of the young, middleage, premature, and mature  P. yunnanensis   forost ecosystems was (30.67±7.13), (67.63±19.06), (71.00±4.15), and (159.32±39.95) t·hm -2 , respectively. The carbon storage of the  P. yunnanensis  forest increased significantly with its increasing stand age, indicating that Tibetan  P. yunnanensis  forest had great potential in carbon sequestration.

云南松林是西藏高原亮针叶林生态系统的重要组成部分，准确估算其生态系统碳储量不但有助于弄清西藏森林生态系统固碳现状，而且可为准确估算青藏高原乃至全国森林生态系统的固碳潜力和固碳速率提供基础数据。本研究以云南松为研究对象，采用实地调查与建模相结合的方法，建立了各器官(叶、枝、干、根)与株高、胸径的生物量回归方程，并以此为基础计算了云南松幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林和成熟林生态系统的生物量和碳储量。结果表明：(1)用胸径和树高估测单株林木器官生物量的较优模型为指数模型，所建立的生物量回归方程相关性较好( R 2 >0.90)，估计精度较高。(2)在云南松幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林和成熟林生态系统中植被总生物量分别为(63.80±9.21)、(134.76±12.69)、(142.91±13.02)、(316.72±42.57) t·hm -2 ，其中乔木层生物量分别为(49.48±10.32)、(120.57±937)、(124.70±12.92)、(304.76±32.47) t·hm -2 ，灌草层生物量为(13.09±3.02)、(12.81±2.54)、(11.88±3.12)、(3.47±0.98) t·hm -2 ，凋落物生物量为(1.23±0.24)、(1.38±0.31)、(0.72±0.11)、(1.13±0.39) t·hm -2 。(3)各龄级云南松林生态系统植被碳储量分别为(30.67±7.13)、(67.63±19.06)、(71.00±4.15)、(159.32±39.95) t·hm -2 ，碳储量随林龄增加的变化规律明显，碳汇潜力巨大。