多效唑对不同生境多年生黑麦草抗旱性的影响

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王竞红, 刘素欣, 王非, 多多, 张秀梅, 陈艾, 李鹤, 王璐瑶. 多效唑对不同生境多年生黑麦草抗旱性的影响. 草业科学, 2016,33(5):926-934
Wang Jing-hong, Liu Su-xin, Wang Fei, Duoduo, Zhang Xiu-mei, Chen Ai, Li He, Wang Lu-yao. Effects of paclobutrazol on drought resistance of Lolium perenne ‘Bomber’under different growing conditions . Pratacultural Science,2016,33(5): 926-934 复制到剪切板

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《草业科学》编辑部

多效唑对不同生境多年生黑麦草抗旱性的影响

王竞红¹, 刘素欣¹, 王非¹, 多多¹, 张秀梅¹, 陈艾¹, 李鹤², 王璐瑶¹

1.东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

2.哈尔滨工程大学,黑龙江哈尔滨 150001

王非(1975-),女,黑龙江牡丹江人,副教授,博士,研究方向为园林植物应用。E-mail:175494899@qq.com

第一作者:王竞红(1974-),女,山东蓬莱人,副教授,博士,研究方向为园林植物应用。E-mail:jinglife26@126.com

收稿日期: 2016-01-04

基金: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572014CA27)

摘要

本研究以北方园林草坪中的常用草种多年生黑麦草‘轰炸机’( Lolium perenne ‘Bomber’)为研究材料,为解决控制草坪用水的实际问题,分别在温室和大田模拟干旱胁迫,对多年生黑麦草施用不同浓度多效唑(PP₃₃₃)处理,研究其生理变化特征。结果表明,多效唑处理后,与未处理相比,叶片各项生理指标在轻度胁迫(10 d)时没有表现出明显不同,但在中度胁迫(20 d)和重度胁迫(30 d)时表现出显著差异( P<0.05);叶片相对含水量(RWC)呈现下降趋势,相对电导率、丙二醛含量和游离脯氨酸含量升高,超氧化歧化酶活性呈现先升高后降低的变化;综合各项生理指标的变化规律,施用浓度为200 mg·L^-1的多效唑可以提高多年生黑麦草的抗旱性;相同程度的干旱胁迫下,大田苗的受伤害程度要小于温室苗,表明草坪草的实际耐旱性要强于温室干旱条件下。

关键词: 多效唑; 干旱胁迫; 多年生黑麦草; 抗旱性

中图分类号:S543⁺.603.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-0629(2016)5-0926-09 doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0427

Effects of paclobutrazol on drought resistance of Lolium perenne ‘Bomber’under different growing conditions

Wang Jing-hong¹, Liu Su-xin¹, Wang Fei¹, Duoduo¹, Zhang Xiu-mei¹, Chen Ai¹, Li He², Wang Lu-yao¹

1.College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

2.Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China

Corresponding author: Wang Fei E-mail:175494899@qq.com

Abstract

Lolium perenne cv. ‘Bomber’ is widely applied as turf grass species in the garden lawn of north China. In the present study, the physiological characteristics of ‘Bomber’ with different concentrations of PP₃₃₃ treatments under drought stress in both greenhouse and the field were evaluated to provide reference for solving the practical water shortage problems in turfgrass management. The results revealed that the physiological indices of ‘Bomber’ leaves after PP₃₃₃ application had no significant difference under short stress period (10 d), while had significant differences under moderate stress period (20 d) and long stress period (30 d). During drought stress, the leaf relative water content (RWC) declined, whereas the relative conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and free proline content increased and super-oxide dismutase (SOD) activity fluctuantly changed. Based on these comprehensive responses of physiological indices, PP₃₃₃ application with the concentration of 200 mg·L^-1 can improve the drought resistance of L. perenne. Under the same degree of drought stress, the seedling damage in the field was far less than those in the greenhouse, which indicated that the actual drought tolerance of turfgrass was stronger than the experimental results under the greenhouse drought condition.

Keyword: paclobutrazol; drought stress; Lolium perenne; plant resistance

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多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)为禾本科黑麦草属植物, 生长迅速, 抗病虫和分蘖能力强, 不耐热, 是东北地区园林草坪的主要混播草种。黑麦草的不同品种其抗旱性不同, 例如‘ 首相’ 比‘ 潘多拉’ 抗旱性强^[1]。水分是影响其生长和成坪质量的主要环境因子之一, ‘ 首相’ 生长所需土壤相对含水量下限为40%, 而‘ 潘多拉’ 为50%^[1]。

近年来, 应用植物生长调节剂来抑制植物生长、提高植物抗性的研究取得了很大成效。相关研究证明, Vc、水杨酸和多效唑在苗木抵御干旱方面作用明显, 均能通过不同途径提高紫丁香(Syringa oblata)、小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)和乌苏里绣线菊(Spiraea chamedryfolia)的抗旱性^[2]。在乙烯利对‘ Tifton85’ 狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon Tifton 85)营养生长影响的试验中发现, 经乙烯利处理的狗牙根比未处理的受到的干旱威胁要小^[3]。蔡新赟等^[4]筛选出200 mg· L^-1的多效唑对多年生黑麦草叶长具有明显的抑制作用, 在对叶宽影响不显著的情况下, 降低了叶片的总面积, 有利于控制蒸腾作用水分的流失。罗天琼等^[5]施用稀释1 200倍的15%多效唑可湿性粉剂处理“ 首相” 黑麦草(L. perenne‘ premier’ ), 其株高受到明显的抑制, 草坪密度降低, 也间接证明了叶面积总体降低的趋势。干旱条件下, 喷施丁酰肼(B9)和多效唑能够降低干旱对硝酸还原酶(NR)活性的影响, 增强叶片保水力, 缓解干旱对早熟禾正常生理代谢的影响^[6]。试验证明, 多效唑和烯效唑能有效提高草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)的抗旱性, 草地早熟禾品种Crest的反应更为明显^[7]。多花黑麦草(L. multiflorum)成熟期倒伏现象严重, 多效唑的喷施能够有效缓解倒伏, 降低落粒率, 随喷施质量浓度增加, 缓解效应增强^[8]。三叶期喷施多效唑能降低蓝茎冰草(Pascopyrum smithii)种子发育后期含水量的下降速度^[9]。相关试验^[10]证明, 多效唑能显著增加小麦(Triticum aestivum)分蘖数, 降低其株高和叶面积, 随浓度提高和次数增加降低程度更显著。

水资源是草坪发展的十分重要的限制因素, 因而应用植物生长调节剂对草坪草种进行抗旱性能改良已成为许多研究者关注的热门课题。但目前有关草坪抗旱性的研究大多局限于温室盆栽试验或PEG模拟干旱胁迫, 与实际应用有一定的差距。本研究选用多年生黑麦草 ‘ 轰炸机’ (Bomber)作为试验材料, 经温室和大田干旱胁迫, 对不同浓度的多效唑(PP₃₃₃, 种高效、低毒、广谱的植物生长延缓剂)在两种环境下的作用效果进行综合比较, 通过分析干旱胁迫下多效唑对多年生黑麦草‘ 轰炸机’ 叶片相对含水量、相对电导率、丙二醛含量、游离脯氨酸含量和超氧化岐化酶活性变化的影响, 筛选出适宜的多效唑浓度, 以期减少草坪用水量, 为草坪的养护管理提供一定的理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 供试材料

植物材料为多年生黑麦草 ‘ 轰炸机’ , 由哈尔滨碧丰草业有限公司提供。15%多效唑可湿性粉剂由四川国光农化有限公司生产。

1.2 试验设计

1.2.1 温室试验于2013年9月在东北林业大学园林学院温室中进行, 温室平均气温25 ℃, 采用盆栽方式, 基质配比为黑土∶ 蛭石2∶ 1, 将多年生黑麦草种子撒播于上口直径为17 cm的花盆中, 播种量为30 g· m^-2。育苗期每隔2 d浇一次水, 每次浇水时称重, 保证每盆土壤水分恒定。出苗后20 d对黑麦草进行修剪, 留茬高度为5 cm。采用随机区组设计, 多效唑浓度设置6个梯度, 分别为0、50、100、200、300和400 mg· L^-1, 修剪后用喷雾器进行叶面喷施, 用量为1 L· m^-2, 每个处理6次重复, 连续喷施3 d, 在第4天停止喷施进行30 d干旱处理, 然后复水。将干旱10 d设定为轻度胁迫, 干旱20 d设定为中度胁迫, 干旱30 d设定为重度胁迫。分别于干旱10、20、30 d和复水10 d时取样测定各项生理指标。

1.2.2 大田试验于2014年5月在东北林业大学园林学院苗圃试验田中进行。哈尔滨属于中温带大陆性季风气候, 春季干旱少雨。试验地土壤为黑土, 苗圃地。选取温室盆栽试验3个适宜多效唑浓度100、200、300 mg· L^-1, 与对照(不施多效唑)共计4个浓度梯度, 进行大田干旱试验。小区面积1 m× 1 m, 小区间隔20 cm。温室和大田试验过程中土壤含水量的变化如表1所示。

1.3 测定指标及方法

测定指标为叶片的相对含水量(RWC)、相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、游离脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。其中相对含水量采用称重法^[11]测定, 叶片相对电导率测定参照电导仪法^[12], 丙二醛含量采用李合生^[12]的硫代巴比妥酸法(TBA)测定, 游离脯氨酸含量采用磺基水杨酸法^[12]测定, SOD活性采用氮蓝四唑(NBT)还原法^[12]测定。

1.4 数据处理

采用Excel 2013进行计算, 利用SPSS 19.0统计分析软件对所测数据进行方差分析。

2 结果与分析

2.1 多效唑对不同生境下‘ 轰炸机’ 苗期相对含水量的影响

在自然干旱过程中, 伴随干旱时间的持续, 两种生境条件下, 各浓度处理叶片的相对含水量均呈下降趋势。除温室生境下干旱胁迫30 d外, 经PP₃₃₃处理的多年生黑麦草叶片的相对含水量(RWC)相比于对照(CK), 总体上下降速度慢(表2、3)。在温室生境中, 胁迫的各个阶段, 高浓度(300和400mg· L^-1)处理间差异显著(P< 0.05)。干旱10 d, 处理液浓度为400 mg· L^-1时, 叶片RWC显著低于CK, 表明在短期干旱时, 高浓度PP₃₃₃处理对‘ 轰炸机’ 的RWC有抑制作用。‘ 轰炸机’ 的RWC变化趋势显示, 300 mg· L^-1PP₃₃₃处理对提高‘ 轰炸机’ 在干旱胁迫下的保水效果最好。

表1 持续干旱胁迫及复水后土壤含水量(%)的变化 Table 1 Changes of the soil moisture content (%) under continuous drought stress and rewater 10 d

表2 温室生境不同浓度的PP₃₃₃处理对‘ 轰炸机’ 相对含水量(%)的影响 Table 2 Effects of PP₃₃₃ application concentrations on Bomber RWC(%) in greenhouse

表3 大田生境不同浓度PP₃₃₃处理对‘ 轰炸机’ 相对含水量的影响 Table 3 Effects of PP₃₃₃ application concentrations on Bomber RWC(%) in field

在大田轻度干旱胁迫(10 d)时, 多年生黑麦草‘ 轰炸机’ 叶片相对含水量没有受到明显影响, 各处理间的差异不显著(P> 0.05), 但在中度胁迫(20 d)和重度胁迫(30 d)时期, 处理组与对照组之间差异显著(P< 0.05), 其中能维持较高相对含水量的处理浓度为200和300 mg· L^-1。复水10 d后, 大田供试苗的相对含水量能够恢复到正常水平, 而温室盆栽苗只能得到一定程度的恢复。

2.2 多效唑对不同生境下‘ 轰炸机’ 苗期相对电导率的影响

随着干旱胁迫时间的延续, 各浓度处理的叶片相对电导率持续增加, 且不同处理增加的幅度不同。温室生境中, 干旱胁迫开始后, 各浓度处理的叶片相对电导率随胁迫时间延续而递增, 以300 mg· L^-1 PP₃₃₃处理的‘ 轰炸机’ 相对电导率递增幅度最小, 该浓度的PP₃₃₃可以最大程度减少‘ 轰炸机’ 膜结构在干旱胁迫下的伤害(表4)。

大田干旱胁迫初期(10 d)及复水过程中, 各处理组与对照组差异显著(P< 0.05), 但处理组之间各浓度对电导率的作用影响各有差异(表5); 中度干旱胁迫(20 d)时100和200 mg· L^-1处理浓度显著低于CK。干旱胁迫下, 大田生境中叶片相对电导率各处理均低于温室生境, 说明干旱胁迫对自然生境中多年生黑麦草‘ 轰炸机’ 质膜透性的影响, 要小于温室生境的栽培苗。施用PP₃₃₃处理的‘ 轰炸机’ 在复水后的叶片相对电导率均显著小于对照组。

2.3 多效唑对不同生境下‘ 轰炸机’ 苗期丙二醛含量的影响

作为膜脂过氧化的终产物丙二醛, 其含量的变化可直观反映干旱胁迫对植物的影响, 在温室生境中, 轻度胁迫(10 d)和中度胁迫(20 d)时, 叶片的MDA含量稳定在一个较低的水平上略有增加(表6), 而在重度胁迫(30 d)时, 除浓度200和300 mg· L^-1PP₃₃₃处理, 其余各浓度处理的叶片MDA含量均急剧升高, 但喷施PP₃₃₃的处理组上升速度慢, MDA含量显著低于对照组(P< 0.05)。温室生境下干旱胁迫过程中, 喷施200 mg· L^-1 PP₃₃₃的供试组MDA含量总体上最低。

大田生境, 各浓度处理的多年生黑麦草‘ 轰炸机’ 的叶片MDA含量, 在轻度胁迫(10 d)时, 与CK无显著差异(P> 0.05), 中度胁迫(20 d)时, 各处理组显著低于对照组(P< 0.05), 以100 mg· L^-1浓度处理的MDA含量最低; 复水10 d后, 对照组叶片MDA含量恢复到与轻度胁迫(10 d)相同的水平。干旱胁迫30 d时, 随着处理液浓度的增加, 对MDA含量上升的抑制作用增强, 300 mg· L^-1处理的叶片MDA含量在复水10 d后仍处于较高水平, 显著高于CK, 说明该浓度PP₃₃₃促进了‘ 轰炸机’ 叶片的膜脂过氧化反应。

表4 温室生境不同浓度的PP₃₃₃处理对‘ 轰炸机’ 相对电导率(%)的影响 Table 4 Effects of PP₃₃₃ application concentrations on Bomber relative electric conductivity(%) in greenhouse

表5 大田生境不同浓度的PP₃₃₃处理对‘ 轰炸机’ 相对电导率的影响 Table 5 Effects of PP₃₃₃ application concentrations on Bomber relative electric conductivity(%) in field

表6 温室生境不同浓度的PP₃₃₃处理对‘ 轰炸机’ MDA含量(μ mol· g^-1)的影响 Table 6 Effects of PP₃₃₃ application concentrations on Bomber MDA content (μ mol· g^-1) in greenhouse

2.4 多效唑对不同生境下‘ 轰炸机’ 苗期游离脯氨酸含量的影响

通过测定多年生黑麦草‘ 轰炸机’ 叶片中游离脯氨酸的含量来研究叶片的渗透调节能力。温室生境中, 脯氨酸含量表现出随干旱时间的延长而不断升高的变化趋势, 并且在重度胁迫(30 d)时急剧升高(表8), 但经PP₃₃₃处理后, 脯氨酸含量均显著低于对照(P< 0.05)。温室生境中, 重度干旱胁迫(30 d)时, 以200 mg· L^-1 PP₃₃₃处理时的脯氨酸含量较其它处理浓度低。

大田生境, 轻度胁迫(10 d)和重度胁迫(30 d), 3个PP₃₃₃浓度处理间叶片游离脯氨酸含量差异不显著(P> 0.05), 而在中度胁迫(20 d)时, 200 mg· L^-1处理较其它浓度处理有显著性变化, 其增幅较小(表9)。复水10 d后, 经PP₃₃₃处理的叶片游离脯氨酸含量均降低到轻度干旱胁迫(10 d)前的水平。

表7 大田生境不同浓度的PP₃₃₃处理对‘ 轰炸机’ MDA含量(mol· g^-1)的影响 Table 7 Effects of PP₃₃₃ application concentrations on Bomber MDA content (μ mol· g^-1) in field

表8 温室生境不同浓度的PP₃₃₃处理对‘ 轰炸机’ 游离脯氨酸含量(μ g· g^-1)的影响 Table 8 Effects of PP₃₃₃ application concentrations on Bomber free proline content(μ g· g^-1) in greenhouse

表9 大田生境不同浓度的PP₃₃₃处理对‘ 轰炸机’ 游离脯氨酸(μ g· g^-1) 含量的影响 Table 9 Effects of PP₃₃₃ application concentrations on Bomber free proline content(μ g· g^-1) in field

2.5 多效唑对不同生境下‘ 轰炸机’ 苗期超氧化物歧化酶活力的影响

随着自然干旱时间的延长, 温室和大田中的多年生黑麦草‘ 轰炸机’ 叶片的SOD活性均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。温室生境中, 干旱处理10 d时, 各浓度处理的SOD活性差异不显著(P> 0.05), 在中度胁迫(20 d)和重度胁迫(30 d)时, 200和300 mg· L^-1处理有较高的SOD活性, 复水10 d后, 经PP₃₃₃处理的‘ 轰炸机’ 仍保持较高的SOD活性(表10)。大田生境下, 干旱胁迫10 d时, 各处理组的‘ 轰炸机’ SOD活性均低于CK, 干旱胁迫20 d时, 200 mg· L^-1处理相比于其它处理有最高的SOD活性, 而在重度胁迫(30 d)时100 mg· L^-1处理有最高的SOD活性, 复水10 d后, 300 mg· L^-1处理的SOD活性显著低于对照(P< 0.05), 表明中、低浓度的PP₃₃₃对提高‘ 轰炸机’ 叶片在干旱胁迫下的SOD活性作用明显。

表10 温室生境不同浓度的PP₃₃₃处理对‘ 轰炸机’ SOD活性(U· g^-1)的影响 Table 10 Effects of PP₃₃₃ application concentrations on Bomber SOD activity (U· g^-1) in greenhouse

表11 大田生境不同浓度的PP₃₃₃处理对‘ 轰炸机’ SOD活性的影响 Table 11 Effects of bomber SOD activity (U· g^-1) with different concentrations of PP₃₃₃ in field

3 讨论与结论

植物对干旱胁迫及胁迫后复水的响应是一个十分复杂的过程, 会产生适应、伤害、修复以及补偿等不同阶段性反应, 在不同的反应阶段各种生理指标的变化是不一样的, 这些变化可作为鉴定植物耐旱性的重要指标^[13]。

3.1 不同生境不同浓度 PP₃₃₃对草坪草叶片水分的影响

叶片相对含水量是公认的能较好地反映植物水分状况的生理指标, 它反映了植物组织在蒸腾作用时耗水补充过程和恢复能力的差异, 也是指示叶片保水能力的一个常用指标^[14]。在干旱胁迫下, 抗旱能力较强的植物能维持较高的相对含水量, 复水后抗旱性强的植物相对含水量上升快, 恢复生长快^[15]。本研究发现, 在干旱胁迫10和20 d, 多年生黑麦草‘ 轰炸机’ 能保持较高的相对含水量, 到重度胁迫(30 d)时, 叶片的相对含水量出现明显下降, 多效唑处理可以增加供试草种叶片的保水能力, 从而提高抗旱性。温室生境和大田生境下, 中浓度(200 mg· L^-1)的多效唑可最大程度地提升草坪叶片的相对含水量和保水能力的恢复程度。

3.2 不同生境不同浓度 PP₃₃₃对草坪草叶片质膜透性的影响

丙二醛(MDA)是膜脂过氧化作用的产物之一, 能与膜蛋白发生交联作用, 又能与细胞内的各种成分发生反应, 使膜系统中多种酶的生理功能严重受损伤, 因此, 可用MDA含量来代表植物膜脂过氧化的水平, 反映植物受伤害的程度^[16]。干旱胁迫下, 膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的大量积累又会造成膜透性上升, 电解质外渗, 使植物相对电导率值变大, 导致细胞膜系统的严重损伤^{[17, 18, 19, 20]}。透性变化越大, 表示植物受害越重, 抗旱性越弱^[21]。本研究发现, 伴随干旱时间的持续, 多年生黑麦草叶片的相对电导率和MDA含量一直处于上升趋势, 复水处理后略有回落, 供试草种的电导率和MDA含量的变化与PP₃₃₃处理施用浓度相关, 当施用300 mg· L^-1浓度的PP₃₃₃时, 温室苗的电导率值最低, 而大田苗在200和300 mg· L^-1处理时有较低的电导率值; 经200 mg· L^-1处理液处理的温室苗和大田苗的MDA含量显著低于其它处理。说明使用中等浓度PP₃₃₃处理液可以提升‘ 轰炸机’ 苗期叶片生物膜的透性。

3.3 不同生境不同浓度 PP₃₃₃对草坪草叶片抗旱能力的影响

水分胁迫会引起多年生黑麦草发生一系列的生理应激反应, 如游离脯氨酸的积累。干旱胁迫下脯氨酸积累比未干旱胁迫时含量高几十倍甚至几百倍^[22]。兰星和王玺^[23]试验表明, 多效唑包衣处理能明显地降低玉米(Zea mays)幼苗的脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量, 提高可溶性糖含量和 SOD 活性, 有利于增强玉米幼苗的抗旱能力。大量研究证明, 脯氨酸的积累说明其含量与干旱程度呈正相关, 水分胁迫越强, 脯氨酸含量越高^{[24, 25]}。但是脯氨酸与植物抗旱性之间的关系仍存在争议。有研究^{[26, 27]}认为, 干旱胁迫下脯氨酸累积量与抗旱性呈正相关, 也有研究^[28]认为, 脯氨酸的积累是干旱胁迫产生的结果, 因为有些植物在逆境条件下游离脯氨酸含量变化不大。本研究中, 温室苗和大田苗叶片中的游离脯氨酸含量变化趋势一致, 都在重度胁迫(30 d)时期有明显增加。PP₃₃₃的施加可以调节游离脯氨酸含量, 游离脯氨酸通过促进蛋白质的水合作用, 使蛋白质胶体亲水面积增大, 可溶性蛋白质增多, 从而提高植物叶片的含水量, 适当浓度的PP₃₃₃能减轻因干旱胁迫产生的伤害, 提高供试草种抵抗干旱的能力。本研究认为, 将叶片中的游离脯氨酸含量变化看作是干旱胁迫下的生理响应更为合理, 此结论与岳桦和李雪^[28]研究结果一致。

植物在新陈代谢过程中会产生有害物质活性氧· $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{-} \end{matrix}$ , · OH 等, 植物体内同样也存在着一套清除活性氧的抗氧化系统^[29]。曾玮玮等^[30]研究表明, 通过喷施一定浓度的多效唑可以提高蓝莓(Vaccinium uliginosum)的抗旱性。本研究中, 多年生黑麦草‘ 轰炸机’ 的SOD活性先升后降。在胁迫初期, SOD活性表现较为活跃, 启动了自身的防御系统, 在干旱胁迫20 d时达到最大值, 随着胁迫程度的加深, 植物体内的代谢开始紊乱失衡, SOD活性大幅下降。PP₃₃₃的施加增加了黑麦草SOD活性, 提高了对干旱的忍耐能力, 温室和大田试验显示100和200 mg· L^-1 PP₃₃₃处理后的多年生黑麦草叶片含有较高的SOD活性。

4 结论

从上述分析可以看出, 施用适当浓度的多效唑可以提高干旱胁迫条件下多年生黑麦草‘ 轰炸机’ 叶片的相对含水量和SOD活性, 降低相对电导率、丙二醛含量, 增加游离脯氨酸含量, 提高抗旱性; PP₃₃₃不同浓度间的作用效果在轻度胁迫(10 d)时期没有表现出明显不同, 而是在中度胁迫(20 d)、重度胁迫(30 d)以及复水后的恢复时期有明显差异, 表现为减轻或显著减轻草种叶片遭受干旱伤害的程度, 增强其适应干旱的能力, 提高抗旱性; 综合各生理指标数据可知, 提高多年生黑麦草抗旱性的最优浓度为200 mg· L^-1; 本研究是在温室盆栽和大田试验地两种生境中进行的, 在干旱胁迫阶段及复水阶段温室盆栽的土壤含水量要大于或略大于大田, 在干旱胁迫后期, 植物叶片的相对含水量、SOD酶活性温室栽培组低于大田同等浓度处理组, 游离脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量温室栽培组明显高于大田供试组, 说明温室试验的环境与野外生境有一定的差异性, 得出的结论有一定的局限性, 进行大田试验是有必要的。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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2015

0.0

刘译锴, 郑明珠, 马莉, 刘铁军, 杨有俊, 刘金荣. 调亏灌溉对多年生黑麦草光合特性的影响及阈值的确定. 草业科学, 2015, 32(4): 570-580.

Liu Y

, Zheng M

, Ma

, Liu T

, Yang Y

, Liu J

Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics in perennial ryegrass and the determination for irrigation threshold.

Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(4): 570-580. (in Chinese)

This study was conducted in the greenhouse with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) varieties Premier and Panterra, which are largerly planted in semiarid areas. The experiment with controlled soil water contents was conducted to study the effects of five treatments repeated drying and rewatering on photosynthetic characteristics. The results indicated that variation tendency of two varieties of perennial ryegrass on photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs)and photochemistry activity of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) decreased with RSWC decreasing. The activities of photosynthetic parameters in different relative soil water content had different variation trends and also had different recovery level after rehydration. When the relative soil water content was the lower irrigation limit which is 50% RSWC caused stress effect to grasses, it will not cause greater harm. While the treatment which lower irrigation limit was 40% RSWC, two varieties of Perennial ryegrass injury were more and more serious. Both of the two grasses at the end of the drought stage showed severe stress (lower irrigation limit of 20% RSWC) injury, and can not recovered rapidly in the physiological function after rehydration. The comparative result between the two grasses: Premier has the better drought resistance than Panterra. These are suggested that Regulated irrigation on Perennial ryegrass has obvious for RSWC, and showed different result between the two grasses: Premier is 40% RSWC; Panterra is 50% RSWC.

本研究以干旱半干旱区栽培面积较大的多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)品种“首相”和“潘多拉”为研究对象，使用人工控制灌水量的方法在生长季节使黑麦草经历“干旱胁迫-复水”的5个循环处理，研究其在不同调亏灌溉及复水处理下光合特性的变化趋势。结果表明，两个品种黑麦草叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）和PSⅡ原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）随着土壤相对含水量(RSWC)的降低而下降，当RSWC下限值不同时，各指标的下降程度不同，且复水后的恢复程度也不同。灌溉下限在RSWC为50%时，各指标变化幅度较小；灌溉下限在RSWC为40%时，两个品种黑麦草受害程度加大；灌溉下限在RSWC为20%时，两个品种黑麦草均受到严重伤害，复水后各指标不能完全恢复。两个品种比较，“首相”比“潘多拉”抗旱性强。说明调亏灌溉对多年生黑麦草具有明显的RSWC限制范围，品种之间表现不同，“首相“最佳灌溉RSWC下限为40%，“潘多拉”为50%。

... 抗旱性强^[1] ...

... 为50%^[1] ...

2007

0.0

王非, 于成龙, 刘丹. 植物生长调节剂对苗木抗旱性影响的综合评价. 林业科技, 2007, 32(3): 56-60.

Wang

, Yu C

, Liu

Effects of plant growth regulators on drought resistance of shrub seedlings.

Forestry Science and Technology, 2007, 32(3): 58-60. (in Chinese)

采用盆栽模拟水分胁迫试验方法,以紫丁香、小叶锦鸡儿和乌苏里绣线菊2年生苗木为材料,叶面喷施不同浓度Vc、水杨酸和多效唑后测定其生理生化指标,利用抗旱系数及多种统计方法对各处理苗木的抗旱性进行较准确的综合评价.结果表明:Vc、水杨酸和多效唑在苗木抵御干旱方面作用明显,均能通过不同途径提高3种苗木的抗旱性,其中最适宜的处理如下:紫丁香为11.50 mmol/L的Vc,小叶锦鸡儿为8.50 mmol/L的Vc,乌苏里绣线菊为0.07 mmol/L的水杨酸.

... 相关研究证明,Vc、水杨酸和多效唑在苗木抵御干旱方面作用明显,均能通过不同途径提高紫丁香(Syringa oblata)、小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)和乌苏里绣线菊(Spiraea chamedryfolia)的抗旱性^[2] ...

2006

0.0

... 狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon Tifton 85)营养生长影响的试验中发现,经乙烯利处理的狗牙根比未处理的受到的干旱威胁要小^[3] ...

2013

0.0

蔡新赟, 邵秋雨, 张新新, 武瑞鑫. 生长调节剂对坪用多年生黑麦草生长特性的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(7): 1014-1018.

Cai X

, Shao Q

, Zhang X

, Wu R

Effects of plant growth regulators on growth characteristics of Lolium perenne.

Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(7): 1014-1018. (in Chinese)

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations of four kinds of growth regulators on plant height, length and width of leaf, tillers, dry weight and fresh weight of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The results showed that the different concentration of four plant growth regulators were significantly inhibited the growth of plants. 200 mg·L-1 of Paclobutrazol and 375 mg·L-1 of Aibis treatments were suggested for chemical pruning of perennial ryegrass.

通过盆栽试验，研究了不同浓度的4种生长调节剂对多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)株高、叶长、叶宽、分蘖数及地上部植株鲜、干质量的影响。结果表明，多效唑和矮必施对多年生黑麦草株高、叶长及地上部植株鲜、干质量的抑制作用显著，但浓度过高会对草坪造成较大损伤。因此，建议选用浓度为200 mg·L-1的多效唑和375 mg·L-1的矮必施作为多年生黑麦草的化学修剪药剂。

... 蔡新赟等^[4]筛选出200 mg#cod#x000b7 ...

2011

0.0

罗天琼, 莫志萍, 莫本田, 文克俭, 张建波. 不同生长调节剂对草坪质量的影响. 草业科学, 2011, 28(5): 710-716.

Luo T

, Mo Z

, Mo B

, Wen K

, Zhang J

Effect of different growth regulators on the lawn quality.

Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(5): 710-716. (in Chinese)

Effects of leaf spray PP333, Cycocel, Gibberellin, Ethylene and Methyl etc. on turf quality of Bluegrass (Poa annua cv. Baisheng), Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea cv. Qiancao No.1) and Ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Shouxiang) were studied. The results showed that PP333 and Cygcocel played a role in restraining growth and regrowth of three grasses, and made the leaf become shorter and wider, the grass layer denser, chlorophyll content increase and the leaf color darker, and thus improved the turfgrass ornamental value. Gibberellin increased the growth period, made leaf become longer and thinner, increased the grass layer density, decreased chlorophyll content, turn the leaf color lighter, and promoted three turfgrasses to turn green in advance and extend their landscape effect. Methyl and ethylene showed less effect on turf quality.

采用多效唑、矮壮素、赤霉素、乙烯利和萘乙酸5种植物生长调节剂，对百胜早熟禾(Poa annua cv.Baisheng)、黔草1号高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea cv.Qiancao No.1）、首相黑麦草(Lolium perenne cv.shouxiang)进行叶面喷施，以研究生长调节剂对3种草坪草质量的影响。结果表明，喷施多效唑和矮壮素对百胜早熟禾、黔草1号高羊茅和首相黑麦草的生长、再生分别受到长期和短期抑制作用。但两种调节剂能使叶片变短、变粗，草层密度和叶绿素含量增加，颜色加深，提高草坪观赏价值；喷施赤霉素对3种草坪草均受到明显促进作用，叶片变长、变细，草层密度增加，叶绿素含量降低，颜色变浅，同时能明显促进3种草坪草提前返青，延长草坪草的景观效应。喷施萘乙酸、乙烯利，3种草坪草受抑制作用不明显，草坪观赏价值受影响不大。

... 罗天琼等^[5]施用稀释1 200倍的15%多效唑可湿性粉剂处理#cod#x0201c ...

2004

0.0

曹翠玲, 胡潇, 宋红星, 徐怀同. B9与多效唑提高早熟禾抗旱性生理机制的研究. 草业科学, 2004, 21(10): 78-82.

Cao C

, Hu

, Song H

, Xu H

Studies on the mechanism of B9 and PP₃₃₃ increasing drought resistance of Poa annual.

Pratacultural Science, 2004, 21(10): 78-82. (in Chinese)

摘　要：利用盆栽,研究了不同浓度生长延缓剂B9与多效唑对早熟禾Poa sp.抗旱性的影响.结果表明:在供水充足的生长时期,叶面喷施B9与多效唑,能够不同程度提高干旱条件下早熟禾的抗旱性.在土壤绝对含水量降至14% 时,喷施了0.3% B9与0.2%多效唑的叶片,与未喷施处理相比,其叶片叶绿素含量较高,硝酸还原酶(NR)活性较高,叶片保水力增强,束缚水与自由水比值降低,脯氨酸含量降低,日平均干物质累积量增加.因此,在早熟禾生长时期叶面喷施0.3% B9与0.2%多效唑,可以提高早熟禾在干旱条件下的抗旱性.对草坪节水灌溉也有重要意义.

... 干旱条件下,喷施丁酰肼(B9)和多效唑能够降低干旱对硝酸还原酶(NR)活性的影响,增强叶片保水力,缓解干旱对早熟禾正常生理代谢的影响^[6] ...

0.0

刘晓静, 柳小妮. 多效唑和烯效唑对草地早熟禾一些生化指标及其抗性的影响. 草业学报, 2006(2): 48-53.

Liu X

, Liu X

Effects of paclobutrazol and uniconazole on some physiological and biochemical indices and the resistance of Poa pratensis. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2006(2): 48-53. (in Chinese)

通过盆栽试验,测定了在三叶期第1次修剪后,喷施生长抑制剂多效唑25～100 mg/m2、烯效唑20～40 mg/m2,对Crest和Alpine草地早熟禾品种不同生长时期和不同温度条件下的细胞膜透性、过氧化氢酶活性和游离脯氨酸含量及抗性的影响.结果表明,1)多效唑和烯效唑在18℃的室温条件下,都能降低这2个品种的细胞膜透性.在-30℃条件下,烯效唑能降低细胞膜透性和伤害率,有助于提高它们的抗寒性,对Alpine草地早熟禾尤其如此;多效唑没有这种功能.在50℃下,多效唑和烯效唑都增加了2个品种的细胞膜透性和伤害率,降低了它们的抗热性.2)施药后20和34 d,2个品种的过氧化氢酶活性均显著高于对照,延续到51 d,除烯效唑处理的Alpine草地早熟禾外,其他处理仍显著高于对照.3)喷施多效唑和烯效唑后20 d,2个品种的游离脯氨酸含量增加但不显著,至34和51 d,各处理的游离脯氨酸含量的增加均达到显著,有助于提高活力.同时也显著高于20 d时含量,表明多效唑和烯效唑能有效提高它们的抗旱性,Crest草地早熟禾的反应更为明显.

... 试验证明,多效唑和烯效唑能有效提高草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)的抗旱性,草地早熟禾品种Crest的反应更为明显^[7] ...

0.0

赵超鹏, 周琴, 曹春信, 韩亮亮, 江巧君, 江海东. 多效唑对多花黑麦草物质积累和种子产量的影响. 草业科学, 2010(3): 72-75.

Zhao C

, Zhou

, Cao C

, Han L

, Jiang Q

, Jiang H

Effects of PP₃₃₃ on dry matter accumulation and seed yield of Lolium multiflorum. Pratacultural Science, 2010(3): 72-75. (in Chinese)

在大田条件下,研究了喷施不同质量浓度多效唑对多花黑麦草 Lolium multiflorum株高、干物质积累和产量的影响.研究结果表明:多效唑的喷施对株高有明显的抑制作用,随着多效唑质量浓度增加,株高呈现递减趋势. 一定质量浓度范围内的多效唑有利于多花黑麦草干物质积累和转运,其抽穗期和成熟期干质量以及抽穗前积累的干物质转运量均显著高于对照,但多效唑喷施质量浓度过大,多花黑麦草干物质积累量和转运量均显著下降.各产量构成因素对多效唑响应不同,粒质量受多效唑影响不显著,而穗粒数和穗数受影响显著.通径分析结果显示,多效唑的喷施对产量的三要素中穗数的影响较大,为决定产量的关键因子.多花黑麦草成熟期倒伏现象严重,多效唑的喷施能够有效缓解倒伏,降低落粒率,随喷施质量浓度增加,缓解效应增强.

... multiflorum)成熟期倒伏现象严重,多效唑的喷施能够有效缓解倒伏,降低落粒率,随喷施质量浓度增加,缓解效应增强^[8] ...

2015

0.0

李世忠, 王迪, 徐坤. 多效唑对蓝茎冰草种子质量形成的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 32(10): 1619-1624.

Li S

, Wang

, Xu

Effects of paclobutrazol (PP₃₃₃) on seed quality for western wheat grass.

Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(10): 1619-1624. (in Chinese)

Low seed quality of western wheatgrass in China was caused by lodging and harvesting dates. The trials were conducted with 3-year western wheatgrass to study the change of seed quality after PP 333 spraying in Jiuquan area of Gansu Province. The results showed thatspraying PP 333 in three-leaf stage reduced western wheatgrass seed moisture decreasing rate during late seed development period. Seed moisture decreasing from 45% to 35% needs 3 d in CK but 6～9 d after spraying PP 333 , which made the seed maturation tend to be consistent and reduced grain losses effectively. When the PP 333 spraying rate was 2.40 kg·ha -1 ,the most suitable harvest date western wheatgrass was the 42nd day after full-bloom stage because the seed dry-weight and standard germination percentage was the maximum value at that time.

针对蓝茎冰草( Agropyron smithii )种子生产中因倒伏、收获期等原因造成种子质量偏低的问题,在甘肃省酒泉地区,以种植3年的蓝茎冰草为试验材料,通过喷施多效唑处理,研究种子质量的变化。结果表明,三叶期喷施多效唑(PP 333 )降低了蓝茎冰草种子发育后期含水量的下降速度,种子含水量从45%下降到35%对应的天数由对照的3 d提升到6～9 d,这使得种子成熟趋于一致,有效地减少了落粒损失。当PP 333 喷施量为2.40 kg·hm -2 时,蓝茎冰草在盛花期后第42天适宜收获,此时种子干重和标准发芽率均具有最大值。

... 三叶期喷施多效唑能降低蓝茎冰草(Pascopyrum smithii)种子发育后期含水量的下降速度^[9] ...

0.0

吕双庆, 李生秀. 多效唑对旱地小麦一些生理、生育特性及产量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005(1): 92-98.

Lyu S

, Li S

Effects of PP₃₃₃ spraying on some physiological, morphological characteristics and yield of wheat on dryland with different plant density. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2005(1): 92-98. (in Chinese)

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different concentration PP333, its spraying time and plant growing stages at which PP333 was sprayed, as well as a combination of PP333 and GA3 on some physiological, morphological characteristics and yields of dryland wheat. The experiment included two factors: plant density and spraying PP333. Two levels of the plant density were adopted: low density with sowing rate of 1670000 seeds, and high density with sowing rate of 3340000 seeds. The spraying of PP333 involved 5 treatments: 1) spraying water as control; 2) spraying PP333 at re-growth stage with low concentration (150 mg /kg) ; 3) spraying PP333 at re-growth stage with high concentration (300 mg/kg) ; 4) spraying PP333 at 3 leaf stage, re-growth stage and elongation stage with a concentration of 100 mg/kg; and 5) spraying PP333 at 3-leaf stage, re-growth stage and elongation stage with a concentration of 100 mg/kg and spraying CA3 (30mg/kg) at elongation stage together with PP333 by dissolving CA3 in the PP333 solution. Results show that application of PP333 significantly increased tiller numbers and reduced plant height and leaf area, the degree of reduction depending on concentrations and times: the higher the concentration and the more frequent the applications , the more reduction. In contrast, GA3 alleviated the effect of PP333 on the reduction. No difference was found in chlorophyll content at over-wintering stage for different treatments while the increase was observed at elongation stage by PP333 spraying. Although at elongation stage, no significant difference was found in NRA, NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N content among different treatments, NRA was inhibited at over-wintering stage by PP333 spraying. Application of PP333 at the 3-leaf stage, followed by spraying PP333 and GA3 at elongation stage, although reducing grain number per ear, obviously increased the harvesting ear numbers and raised or retained the weight per 1000 grains, and thereby increased wheat yield by 5.8% . Application of PP333 alone showed no significant effect on crop yield. Different results obtained by spraying PP333 on wheat at different stages and with different plant densities might be related with water and nutrient supply of the soil.

采用田间试验研究了两种密度条件下不同时期和不同浓度多效唑以及多效唑+GA3对旱地小麦一些生育、生理特性及产量影响。结果表明,多效唑显著增加了小麦分蘖数,降低了株高和叶面积,降低程度随浓度提高和次数增加而更显著;GA3减轻了多效唑的抑制作用。多效唑对越冬期叶绿素含量无影响,但提高了拔节期的含量;抑制了越冬期硝酸还原酶活性,而对拔节期硝酸还原酶活性、铵、硝态氮含量及总量无效果。三叶期喷施多效唑,同时在拔节期喷施多效唑+GA3增加了收获穗数,减少穗粒数,保持和提高了粒重,增产5.8％。多效唑的效果因喷施时期和密度而不同,可能与水肥条件的差异有关。

... 相关试验^[10]证明,多效唑能显著增加小麦(Triticum aestivum)分蘖数,降低其株高和叶面积,随浓度提高和次数增加降低程度更显著 ...

2006

0.0

... 其中相对含水量采用称重法^[11]测定,叶片相对电导率测定参照电导仪法^[12],丙二醛含量采用李合生^[12]的硫代巴比妥酸法(TBA)测定,游离脯氨酸含量采用磺基水杨酸法^[12]测定,SOD活性采用氮蓝四唑(NBT)还原法^[12]测定 ...

2000

0.0

2005

0.0

赵丽英, 邓西平, 山仑. 渗透胁迫对小麦幼苗叶绿素荧光参数的影响. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(7): 1261-1264.

Zhao L

, Deng X

, Shan

Effects of osmotic stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of wheat seedling.

Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(7): 1261-1264. (in Chinese)

By using chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics technology,this paper determined the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F v /F m ,ΦPSⅡ,qP,qNP,ETR of winter wheat seedling under simulated osmotic stress.The results showed that with the increase of osmotic stress, F v /F m and F v /F o had the trend of decrease-increase-decrease,indicating that photoinhibition did not happen at the first stage of osmotic stress,but the followed increase of F v /F m resulted in the photoinhibition and the decrease of ΦPSⅡand ETR.During the course of osmotic stress,qP and qNP decreased firstly and then increased,which was helpful to enhance the open ratio of PSⅡ reaction center,and made more photosynthetic energy use the photosynthetic electron transport to enhance the electron transport capacity.Meanwhile,the increase of non-photochemical quenching coefficient could be helpful to dissipate excess light energy,which protected the photosynthetic tissue,and mitigated the effect of environment on photosynthesis.All the results indicated that wheat seedling had its protection mechanism.Between the two test winter wheat varieties,Changwu 134 had a higher drought-resistance capacity than Shan 253.

用叶绿素荧光诱导动力学技术,研究模拟干旱条件对小麦幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数,即原初光能转化效率( F v /F m )、光合电子传递量子效率(φPSⅡ)、qP(光化学猝灭)、qNP(非光化学猝灭)、ETR(表观光合量子传递效率)的影响.结果表明,渗透胁迫对小麦幼苗叶绿素荧光参数影响较大.随着渗透胁迫的加剧, F v /F m 和 F v /F o 都表现出现降低-增加-降低的趋势,在渗透胁迫2 h以前,小麦叶片内部没有发生光抑制,但随着胁迫的加剧, F v /F m 值增加,使得小麦幼苗叶内发生光抑,导致ΦPSⅡ和ETR的下降;在渗透胁迫过程中,小麦叶片吸收光能的光化学猝灭(qP)的下降和光化学猝灭(qNP)呈现先降低后增加的趋势,说明小麦在受到干旱胁迫前期,PSⅡ反应中心的开放比例降低;在胁迫2h后,随着胁迫的加剧,qP和qNP增加有利于提高PSⅡ反应中心开放部分的比例,将更多的光能用于推动光合电子传递,提高了光合电子传递能力,同时非光化学能量耗散的提高,有助于耗散过剩的激发能,以保护光合机构,缓解环境胁迫对光合作用的影响,体现了小麦叶片的自我保护机制.两个品种相比,长武13的叶绿素荧光参数的变化幅度比陕253小,具有更强的抵御干旱胁迫的能力.

... 3 讨论与结论植物对干旱胁迫及胁迫后复水的响应是一个十分复杂的过程,会产生适应、伤害、修复以及补偿等不同阶段性反应,在不同的反应阶段各种生理指标的变化是不一样的,这些变化可作为鉴定植物耐旱性的重要指标^[13] ...

2012

0.0

宋家壮, 李萍萍, 付为国. 水分胁迫及复水对虉草生理生化特性的影响. 草业学报, 2012, 21(2): 62-69.

Song J

, Li P

, Fu W

Effect of water stress and rewatering on the physiological and biochemical characeristics of Phalaris arundinacea.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(2): 62-69. (in Chinese)

通过温室盆栽控水试验，研究了!草在自然干旱与复水过程中生理生化指标的变化规律，旨在探讨!草对于水分变化的响应特性及耐旱能力。结果显示，１）干旱胁迫期间，尽管土壤含水量下降迅速，但是叶片相对含水量在水分胁迫前８ｄ仍维持在正常水平，直到第１２天时才显著下降。２）在持续干旱过程中，可溶性蛋白与丙二醛含量不断增加。３）叶绿素、叶绿素ａ、类胡萝卜素含量及Ｃｈｌａ／Ｃｈｌｂ与Ｃａｒ／Ｃｈｌ的比值整体上均随干旱胁迫时间的延长而呈上升趋势。４）干旱胁迫后期，叶绿素荧光参数Ｆｏ、ＮＰＱ增加，Ｆｍ、Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ、Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ与ｑＰ均有所下降。５）复水后，各指标均能迅速得到不同程度恢复。研究结果初步表明，!草具备较强的保护与损伤修复能力，使其能够适应较大程度的干旱逆境。

... 1 不同生境不同浓度 PP₃₃₃对草坪草叶片水分的影响叶片相对含水量是公认的能较好地反映植物水分状况的生理指标,它反映了植物组织在蒸腾作用时耗水补充过程和恢复能力的差异,也是指示叶片保水能力的一个常用指标^[14] ...

2009

0.0

郑敏娜, 李向林, 万里强, 何峰, 席翠玲, 陈瑞祥. 四种暖季型禾草对水分胁迫的生理响应. 中国农学通报, 2009, 25(9): 114-119.

Zheng M

, Li X

, Wan L

, He

, Xi C

, Chen R

Physiological responses to drought stress of warm-season forage grasses.

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009, 25(9): 114-119. (in Chinese)

In order to evaluation the effects of drought stress, relative water content, photosynthetic parameter, content of free praline and content of malondiadiadehyde of four forage grasses were analyzed, with the experiment on pot culture with water stress in southwest area. The results indicated that with continuous lasting of drought time, four warm-season forage grasses all displayed the similar physiological characteristics, i. e. decreasing of relative water content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and cond, increasing of content of free praline and malondiadiadehyde. However, the four warm-season forage grasses showed different physiological reaction to the drought stress, and different recovery abilities after re-irrigation. Through comparing the indexes and giving a comprehensive appraisal, the results indicated that the order of drought of forage grasses was Panicum. virgatum L. ＞ Paspalum urville S. ＞ Setaria anceps＞ Paspalum dilatatum Poir.

... 在干旱胁迫下,抗旱能力较强的植物能维持较高的相对含水量,复水后抗旱性强的植物相对含水量上升快,恢复生长快^[15] ...

2009

0.0

王齐, 孙吉雄, 安渊. 水分胁迫对结缕草种群特征和生理特性的影响. 草业学报, 2009, 18(2): 33-38.

Wang

, Sun J

, An

The effect of the population properties and stress-tolerance physiological characteristics of Zoysia grass under water stresses.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(2): 33-38. (in Chinese)

采用大田试验,研究了"JD-1"结缕草在水分胁迫下的种群特征和生理特性变化.结果表明,水分胁迫能明显抑制结缕草的生长发育,结缕草也能通过自身生理生化调节来减弱由水分胁迫带来的伤害.在水分胁迫下,水分胁迫区结缕草密度、株高和生物量低于无水分胁迫区,且随水分胁迫的增加而明显降低.结缕草叶片相对电导率、游离脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量在无水分胁迫区随试验期的延长呈缓慢增大的趋势;而在轻度和重度水分胁迫区随水分胁迫时间的延长呈波动状变化.复水期内结缕草密度、株高和生物量明显增大,水分胁迫区密度和生物量明显大于无水分胁迫区;结缕草叶片相对电导率、游离脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量明显低于无水分胁迫区,且轻度和重度水分胁迫区各指标值差异不显著.

... 2 不同生境不同浓度 PP₃₃₃对草坪草叶片质膜透性的影响丙二醛(MDA)是膜脂过氧化作用的产物之一,能与膜蛋白发生交联作用,又能与细胞内的各种成分发生反应,使膜系统中多种酶的生理功能严重受损伤,因此,可用MDA含量来代表植物膜脂过氧化的水平,反映植物受伤害的程度^[16] ...

1996

0.0

蒋明义, 郭绍川. 水分亏缺诱导的氧化胁迫和植物的抗氧化作用. 植物生理学通讯, 1996, 32(2): 144-150.

Jiang M

, Guo S

Oxidative stress and antioxidation induced by water deficiency in plants.

Plant Physiology Communications, 1996, 32(2): 144-150. (in Chinese)

简要介绍了水分胁迫下植物体内O2、H2O2、OH及1O2等活性氧的产生及其检测方法，评述了水分胁迫下植物内源抗氧化系统的作用，并对有关方面的研究作了展望。

... 干旱胁迫下,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的大量积累又会造成膜透性上升,电解质外渗,使植物相对电导率值变大,导致细胞膜系统的严重损伤^{[17,18,19,20]} ...

2008

0.0

张朝阳, 许桂芳, 向佐湘. 干旱胁迫对4种常绿藤本植物抗性生理生化指标的影响. 江西农业学报, 2008, 20(12): 42-45.

Zhang C

, Xu G

, Xiang Z

Effects of drought stress on physiological and biochemical process of four evergreen Lianas.

Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2008, 20(12): 42-45. (in Chinese)

以4种常绿藤本植物为材料,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫对4种藤本植物的生理生化特性的影响.结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,4种藤本植物叶片的质膜透性上升,其中地枇杷增长幅度最小;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性先下降后上升,过氧化物酶(POD)活性先上升后下降,且地枇杷、扶芳藤能维持较高的活性;可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量增加,地枇杷的可溶性糖与脯氨酸含量增幅最大.经综合分析,得出地枇杷抗旱性最强,其次是扶芳藤,常春藤抗旱性最弱.

... 干旱胁迫下,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的大量积累又会造成膜透性上升,电解质外渗,使植物相对电导率值变大,导致细胞膜系统的严重损伤^{[17,18,19,20]} ...

2008

0.0

王琼, 宋桂龙, 韩烈保, 辜再元. 5种野生护坡植物的抗旱综合性评价. 福建农林大学学报: 自然科学版, 2008, 37(2): 153-157.

Wang

, Song G

, Han L

, Gu Z

Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of 5 wild plant species applied to slope eco-engineering.

Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University: Natural Science Edition, 2008, 37(2): 153-157. (in Chinese)

采用盆栽试验研究干旱胁迫条件下5种野生护坡植物木豆(Cajanuscajan Millsp.)、山毛豆(Tephrosia candida)、多花木兰(Indigofers amblyatha Craib)、盐肤木(Rhus chinensis Mill.)以及黄荆(Vitex negundo L.)的抗旱形态、生理表现.选择叶片相对电导率、丙二醛含量(MDA)、可溶性糖含量、相对水分亏损以及离体叶片保水力作为研究抗旱适应性评价指标,在研究生理指标与抗旱性关系的基础上,采用隶属函数法对5种野生植物进行综合评价.结果表明抗旱能力为黄荆﹥多花木兰﹥盐肤木﹥木豆﹥山毛豆,这一结果与5种植物的实际表现相一致.

... 干旱胁迫下,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的大量积累又会造成膜透性上升,电解质外渗,使植物相对电导率值变大,导致细胞膜系统的严重损伤^{[17,18,19,20]} ...

2005

0.0

张卫华, 张方秋, 张守攻, 徐大平, 陈祖旭, 黄烈健. 3种相思幼苗抗旱性研究. 林业科学研究, 2005, 18(6): 695-700.

Zhang W

, Zhang F

, Zhang S

, Xu D

, Chen Z

, Huang L

Study on the drought-resistance of three seedlings of Acacia.

Forest Research, 2005, 18(6): 695-700. (in Chinese)

This paper compared the drought resistance of three seedlings of Acacia under different water stress by means of treating with polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) solutions with different osmotic potentials to imitate the condition of water stress, furthermore, decided appraising physiological indexes of early drought resistance of seedlings. The result showed that the indexes of EC, RWC, RWD, Ssug and Fpro could be used as appraising indexes of early drought resistance of seedlings of Acacia, and concluded that the drought resistance of three tree species from strong to weak was A. crassicarpa, A. auriculaeformis, A. mangium.

以聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)的渗透溶液模拟水分胁迫条件,比较了不同水分胁迫强度下3种相思幼苗的抗旱性, 并确定了鉴定幼苗抗旱性的生理指标。结果表明:相对电导率、相对含水量、相对水分亏缺、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸等指标可作为鉴定相思幼苗早期抗旱性的生理指标;3个树种的抗旱能力排序为:厚荚相思>大叶相思>马占相思。

... 干旱胁迫下,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的大量积累又会造成膜透性上升,电解质外渗,使植物相对电导率值变大,导致细胞膜系统的严重损伤^{[17,18,19,20]} ...

1994

0.0

艾尼莫明. 几种植物细胞膜的差别透性及其与抗旱性的关系. 干旱区研究, 1994, 11(1): 57-60.

Ainimoming. Differentical permeability of some plants call membrane and relationship with drought resistance. Arid Zone Research, 1994, 11(1): 57-60. (in Chinese)

根据同时同地对４种旱生植物（白梭梭、梭梭柴、红果沙拐枣和多枝柽柳等）组织外渗液相对电导率和组织相对含水量的对比测定，我们发现组织相对含水量与细胞膜差别透性之间存在着反相关关系，即相对含水量越大细胞膜差别透性就越小。根据对不同土壤水分状况下４种植物组织外渗液相对电导率测定结果的对比分析，我们认为土壤水分含量过多或过少都会影响植物的正常生长而增大植物细胞膜的差别透性。

... 透性变化越大,表示植物受害越重,抗旱性越弱^[21] ...

2000

0.0

... 干旱胁迫下脯氨酸积累比未干旱胁迫时含量高几十倍甚至几百倍^[22] ...

0.0

兰星, 王玺. 干旱胁迫下多效唑包衣对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响. 玉米科学, 2008(2): 94-96.

Lan

, Wang

Effects of paclobutrazol seed-coating on seed germination and seedling growth in maize under drought stress. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2008(2): 94-96. (in Chinese)

研究在干旱胁迫下多效唑包衣玉米种子对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,多效唑包衣能明显提高玉米种子的发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数,其中发芽率高出正常生长的6%,使玉米幼苗变矮,茎粗和根长增加,根冠比极显著提高.测定玉米幼苗的生理生化指标表明,多效唑包衣处理能明显地降低幼苗的脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量,提高可溶性糖含量和SOD活性,有利于增强玉米幼苗的抗旱能力.

... 兰星和王玺^[23]试验表明,多效唑包衣处理能明显地降低玉米(Zea mays)幼苗的脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量, 提高可溶性糖含量和 SOD 活性, 有利于增强玉米幼苗的抗旱能力 ...

2007

0.0

李君, 周守标, 王春景, 李金花. 野生和栽培马蹄金抗旱性比较及其抗旱机制初探. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(3): 521-527.

, Zhou S

, Wang C

, Li J

Comparative study of drought tolerance and tolerance mechanisms in wild and cultivated Dichondra repens.

Journal of Plant Ecology(Chinese Version), 2007, 31(3): 521-527. (in Chinese)

Aims Dichondra repens is a warm-season lawn substitute that remains green for long periods and reproduces strongly. Dichondra repens forms short, dense cover and is important in conservation of water and soil. It retains its green color during winter to -8 ℃ with only slight leaf browning and is resistant to diseases and heavy metals contamination. Little is known about the drought tolerance of wild and cultivated D. repens . Our objectives were to determine the drought-tolerant characteristics of wild and cultivated D. repens and explore the physiological foundations for drought tolerance in both. Methods We watered wild and cultivated D. repens every 3, 7 and 15 days from March 1 to May 1, 2004 and made growth and development measurements after water treatment. As soil drought conditions developed, we measured changes in superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), peroxidase activity (POD), nitrate reductase activity, soluble sugar content, free proline content, soluble protein, nitrate and nitrite (NO 2 - /NO 3 - ) content and DNA fragments of leaves. Important findings Under drought stress, the content of free proline, soluble sugar and NO 2 - /NO 3 - in wild and cultivated D. repens leaves was enhanced. Activities of SOD and POD were regulated, protecting leaf cells of wild and cultivated D. repens from oxidative damage caused by drought stress. There were marked differences in drought resistance between the wild and cultivated D. repens . Antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substance content in wild D. repens leaves were higher than in cultivated D. repens leaves, while damage to DNA of wild D. repens was less serious than in cultivated D. repens . NO 2 - /NO 3 - content and nitrate reductase activity in wild D. repens leaves were significantly higher than in cultivated D. repens. Maximum NO2 - /NO 3 - content and nitrate reductase activity in wild D . repens leaves were 10 and 2.2 times larger, respectively, than that in cultivated D. repens leaves. Wild D. repens had more antioxidant response to drought stress than cultivated D. repens . Under drought stress, change of NO 2 - /NO 3 - content may be associated with endogenous NO concentrations, which probably cause the drought tolerance of wild  D. repens to be greater than that of cultivated D. repens .

为了鉴别野生和栽培马蹄金（ Dichondra repens ）的抗旱性，探讨其抗旱适应性的生理机制，对野生和栽培马蹄金进行了土壤水分胁迫处理，系统测定了野生和栽培马蹄金叶片内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、硝酸还原酶的活性和游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、NO 2 - /NO 3 - 含量以及总DNA片断化程度。结果表明野生和栽培马蹄金在抗旱适应性上存在显著差异。随水分胁迫强度的增加，野生马蹄金叶片内抗氧化酶活性及其升高幅度，渗透调节物质的积累量及积累速度均高于栽培马蹄金，而叶片含水量下降的程度、DNA片断化程度低于栽培马蹄金，其中野生和栽培马蹄金叶片内NO 2 - /NO 3 - 含量，硝酸还原酶的活性变化差异尤其显著，野生马蹄金叶片内的NO 2 - /NO 3 - 含量、硝酸还原酶的活性明显高于栽培马蹄金，二者最大含量分别相差10和2.2倍。研究结果说明了野生马蹄金对干旱环境的适应性强于栽培品种；在干旱逆境下马蹄金叶片内的NO 2 － /NO 3 －含量的变化在一定程度上可能反映了内源NO的变化，内源NO浓度的高低可能是野生和栽培马蹄金不同抗性的真正原因。

... 大量研究证明,脯氨酸的积累说明其含量与干旱程度呈正相关,水分胁迫越强,脯氨酸含量越高^[24,25] ...

2001

0.0

孙彦, 杨青川, 张英华. 不同草坪草种及品种苗期抗旱性比较. 草地学报, 2001, 9(1): 16-20.

Sun

, Yang Q

, Zhang Y

Studies on drought tolerance of eight turfgrass cultivars at seedling stage.

Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2001, 9(1): 16-20. (in Chinese)

The pot experiment was conducted to study drought tolerance of eight cultivars of turfgrass at seedling stage in green house.The results showed that;the relative water content of leaves and relative growth rate of plant were decreased;meanwhile;relative electrical conductivity rate and free proline accumulation were increased.Eight turfgrass cultivars were divided into three drought tolerance classes;the first class;Fylking,Wabash,Policy;the second class;Nassau,Argyle,Alene;the third class;A/sL,Derby.

采用盆栽法,在苗期干旱胁迫下,测定不同草坪草及品种的相对含水量、相对生长率、游离脯氨酸含量及细胞膜相对透性等指标,以期综合评价8个草坪草品种的抗旱性能,结果表明;供试材料在苗期处于干旱胁迫下,叶片相对含水量、植株相对生长率均趋下降,相对电导率与游离脯氨酸的含量则有所增加,在灌水后均有程度不同的恢复。综合分析结果,可将8个品种分成3个耐旱级别;1级(相对耐旱);菲尔金、瓦巴斯和宝丽丝;2级(中等耐旱);纳苏、阿吉尔和阿丽尼;3级(相对敏感);A/SL和德比。

... 大量研究证明,脯氨酸的积累说明其含量与干旱程度呈正相关,水分胁迫越强,脯氨酸含量越高^[24,25] ...

2008

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赵瑞雪, 朱慧森, 程钰宏, 董宽虎. 植物脯氨酸及其合成酶系研究进展. 草业科学, 2008, 25(2): 90-95.

Zhao R

, Zhu H

, Cheng Y

, Dong K

Research progress on proline and its biosynthesis enzymes in plant.

Pratacultural Science, 2008, 25(2): 90-95. (in Chinese)

脯氨酸在植物渗透调节中起着举足轻重的作用，本文就植物在胁迫逆境条件下脯氨酸的自然分布、合成、积累过程及合成酶分子生物学研究现状进行综述，并对已在GenBank中登录的脯氨酸基因家族成员进行了汇集整理。

... 有研究^[26,27]认为,干旱胁迫下脯氨酸累积量与抗旱性呈正相关,也有研究^[28]认为,脯氨酸的积累是干旱胁迫产生的结果,因为有些植物在逆境条件下游离脯氨酸含量变化不大 ...

1976

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2013

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岳桦, 李雪. PEG胁迫对柳叶水甘草种子萌发及幼苗的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(4): 571-576.

Yue

, Li

Effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Amsonia tabernaemontana.

Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(4): 571-576. (in Chinese)

Effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Amsonia tabernaemontana were studied by using a method of simulated drought stress with different concentrations of PEG6000. The results showed that, 1) seed germination rate and germination index of A.tabernaemontana were improved by a low concentration of PEG (5％) treatment. With increasing the concentration of PEG, the germination rate declined, however, the seeds could germinate after rewatering. 2) The leaf relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly increased with increasing extent and duration of drought stress. There was significant positive correlations between proline content and leaf relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content. When concentrations of PEG increased to severe stress, proline contents increased significantly, while activities of SOD and POD decreased after an initial increase.

采用不同质量分数的聚乙二醇（PEG6000）模拟干旱胁迫的方法，研究干旱胁迫对柳叶水甘草（Amsonia tabernaemontana）种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，1)5％PEG处理种子其萌发率、萌发速率系数、萌发指数和活力指数均高于对照组，随着胁迫质量分数递增，萌发率下降，复水后，仍能萌发，种子具有一定的抗旱性。2) 幼苗处理随着胁迫质量分数递增及胁迫时间延长，其叶片相对电导率、MDA含量显著增加；脯氨酸含量与叶片相对电导率和MDA含量呈极显著正相关，高质量分数PEG胁迫处理，脯氨酸含量增加；抗氧化酶SOD和POD活性先上升后下降。

... 本研究认为,将叶片中的游离脯氨酸含量变化看作是干旱胁迫下的生理响应更为合理,此结论与岳桦和李雪^[28]研究结果一致 ...

2015

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邓一飞, 徐佳敏, 张文举, 邓志瑞. 镉胁迫对匍匐剪股颖生长及生理生化的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 32(2): 217-223.

Deng Y

, Xu J

, Zhang W

, Deng Z

Effects of cadmium stress on growth and physiological and bio-chemical characteristics of creeping bentgrass.

Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(2): 217-223. (in Chinese)

The physiological and biochemical response of creeping bentgrass to cadmium stress were studied in the present study. The results showed that cadmium stress exhibited inhibitory effects on creeping bentgrass initial growth and the inhibition effects increased with the cadmium ion concentration increased. When cadmium ion concentration was 50 mg·L-1, seed germination rate, shoot length, root length and seedling fresh weight were 47%, 87%, 54% and 83% of that of control, respectively. Seed germination was completely inhibited by 400 mg·L-1 cadmium. Cadmium ion had significant effects on contents of chlorophyll, malonaldehyde(MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD). With cadmium ion concentration increased, chlorophyll content decreased whereas MDA content increased gradually. When cadmium ion was 200 mg·L-1, chlorophyll content and MDA content were 37% and 864% of that of control, respectively. SOD activity reached maximum of 1 314 U·h-1·g-1 with lower cadmium ion concentration of 50 mg·L-1. SOD activity decreased with higher cadmium ion concentration although it was still higher than the control. POD activity had similar variations with SOD activity and reached maximum of 225 U·s-1·g-1 with lower cadmium ion concentration of 100 mg·L-1. The response of the 90 day old plants germinated from seeds treated with cadmium (2~100 mg·L-1) was similar with seedlings. With cadmium ion concentration increased or cadmium stress period extended, chlorophyll content decreased whereas MDA content increased gradually and both SOD and POD activities increased first and then decreased.

本研究分析了镉胁迫对匍匐剪股颖种子萌发、幼苗和植株生长及生理生化的影响。结果表明，1)不同浓度的Cd2+（50~400 mg·L-1）对匍匐剪股颖（Agrostis stolonifera）初期生长具有抑制作用，这种抑制作用随着Cd2+浓度的增加而增强。当Cd2+浓度为50 mg·L-1时，发芽率、芽长、根长和苗鲜重分别只有对照（0）的47%、87%、54%和83%。当Cd2+浓度为400 mg·L-1时，则完全抑制了种子的萌发；2)不同浓度的Cd2+（50~200 mg·L-1）对幼苗叶绿素含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性具有显著影响。随着Cd2+浓度的升高，叶绿素含量逐渐下降，丙二醛含量不断上升，在200 mg·L-1的Cd2+胁迫下，叶绿素和丙二醛含量分别是对照的37%和864%；在Cd2+浓度较低时(50 mg·L-1)，SOD活性高于对照，达到1 314 U·h-1·g-1，更高的浓度引起活性降低，但始终高于对照；POD的活性变化与SOD相似，在Cd2+浓度为100 mg·L-1时最大值达到225 U·s-1·g-1；3) Cd处理（2~100 mg·L-1）播种后90 d的植株，4个指标的变化趋势和Cd处理幼苗的变化基本一致。随着Cd2+浓度的升高及胁迫时间的延长，叶绿素和丙二醛含量分别不断下降和上升；SOD和POD活性均是先上升后下降。

... OH 等,植物体内同样也存在着一套清除活性氧的抗氧化系统^[29] ...

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... 曾玮玮等^[30]研究表明,通过喷施一定浓度的多效唑可以提高蓝莓(Vaccinium uliginosum)的抗旱性 ...