The Songnen Plain is one of the largest saline-sodic soil regions in not only China but whole World. The saline-sodic soils in the plain have high spatial variability in soil salinity and sodicity. This heterogeneity has made it very difficult to use the saline-sodic soils for large scale paddy rice production in the region. The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of spatial variability and structural variance of soil apparent electrical conductivity in the plain. The study also determined the relationships between soil apparent electrical conductivity and soil-water extract electrical conductivity (EC 1︰5 ) and then soil sodicity (ESP) using Pearson regression analysis. Soil salinity and spatial variability were measured using EM38 (electromagnetic induction) and GPS (global position system) systems in saline-sodic paddy soils in the plain. The data were then analyzed using classical statistical and geo-statistical techniques. Classical statistical analysis suggested that EC h (soil apparent electrical conductivity in the horizontal direction) and ECv (soil apparent electrical conductivity in the vertical direction) had moderate spatial variation with normal distribution curves. However, geo-statistical analysis showed that EC h and EC v had strongly spatial auto-correlation due to compound impact of structural factors. The optimal model of empirical semivariograms used to simulate EC h and EC v was the exponential model. The spatial distribution maps interpolated with Kriging apparently showed similar spatial distributions of EC h and EC v . Based on Pearson correlation, it was noted that soil EC 1︰5 and ESP were significantly correlated with EC h and EC v , with coefficients of correlation greater than 0.8. Regression analysis showed exponential function relations between EC h and EC v and between EC 1︰5 and ESP, with coefficients of determination greater than 0.76. Comparison of soil apparent electrical conductivity in the vertical and horizontal directions suggested that the correlation coefficients and determination coefficients between ECh, EC 1︰5 and ESP were greater than those between EC v , EC 1︰5 and ESP. This suggested that EC h better reflected the degree of soil salinity and was more appropriate for saline-sodic soil studies in the region. The results of the study provided the theoretical basis for the integration of salinity spatial variability theory with soil improvement practices. It also provided data support for homogenous in situ reclamation of saline-sodic soils to reduce soil salinity for rice production.

运用电磁感应仪EM38结合GPS定位, 以盐渍化水田为研究对象, 通过经典统计学和地统计学相结合的方法研究了盐渍土区新开水田表观电导率的空间变异特征, 分析了土壤表观电导率与土壤盐碱指标关系。结果表明, 经典统计分析土壤水平方向表观电导率(EC h )与垂直方向表观电导率(EC v )均为中度空间变异强度, 且符合正态分布。地统计分析表明, EC h 和EC v 均具有强空间相关性, 其变异特征主要是由结构性因素引起的, 半方差拟合最优模型为指数模型。且EC h 和EC v 空间分布在一定范围内存在相似性, 均表现为不同表观电导率的土壤呈斑块和条带状镶嵌分布。Pearson分析显示, 土壤表观电导率与盐碱化指标土壤电导率(EC 1︰5 )和碱化度(ESP)呈正相关关系( P 1︰5 和ESP均为指数函数关系, 决定系数大于0.76。EC h 与土壤盐碱化指标相关系数和决定系数均大于EC v , 因此可以用水平方向土壤表观电导率EC h 来反映土壤的盐碱化程度。该研究可以为土壤盐分空间变异理论与盐碱地改良实践相结合的研究思路提供理论基础, 为盐碱地实施定位、定区清除或消减土壤盐碱的均质化改良技术提供数据支持。

Soil salinization is a major obstacle to the optimal utilization of land resources. Salt-affected soils are widely distributed throughout the world. The present extent of salt-affected soils substantially restricts plant growth in these areas. It has been demonstrated that leaching with water, chemical amendment, surface mulching with straw and phytoremediation are the most often used approaches to ameliorate saline soils. Engineering measures are also an effective solution to control salt movement in the saline soil. Establishing salt-isolation interlayers beneath the surface of saline soil is one of the most widely used engineering measures. Even though there are many studies dealing with salt-isolation interlayers establishment, very little is known about their effects on saline soil. Here, we used three salt-isolation materials to restrict the water and salt movements in saline soil: zeolite, ceramsite and river sand. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of salt-isolation interlayers application on soil water and salt movements in saline soil and on the photosynthetic characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia in the coastal regions of Tianjin city. We also anticipate that the outcome of the study could form part of the basis for selection of salt-isolation materials in improving coastal saline soil with consideration of their costs. The research was conducted from April 2010 to August 2013 at the Coastal Salt-tolerant Plant Science and Technology Park, Dagang, Tianjin, China. An experiment was conducted with four treatments:(1) No addition of slat-isolation interlayer (CK); (2) Addition of zeolite (FS) at the bottom and side walls of the planting sites; (3) Addition of ceramsite (TL) at the bottom and side walls of the planting sites; (4) Addition of river sand (HS) at the bottom and side walls of the planting sites. All treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four blocks. Each block was again divided into four plots. The four treatments were randomly assigned to each plot within the individual blocks with a separate randomization for each block. The salt-isolation materials were added to nine planting sites in each plot. The nine sites were evenly distributed based on a planting spacing of 3 m× 3 m. Each planting site was 1 m× 1 m× 1 m. The results indicated: (1) Salt-isolation interlayers could significantly increase soil water content of tree planting site. FS treatment performed best and had the lowest salt content and salt solute concentration, followed by TL. Relative to the CK, HS had no significant effects on salt content and salt solute concentration. (2) FS treatment significantly increased the leaf photosynthetic rate ( Pn ), transpiration rate ( Tr ), stomata conductance ( Gs ) and leaf water use efficiency (LWUE), and reduced intercellular CO 2 concentration ( Ci ). TL treatment can also significantly enhance Pn 、 Tr , but it had no significant effects on Gs 、 Ci and LWUE. HS treatment had significantly increased Pn and Tr , and reduced LWUE. We concluded that the zeolite was an optimal salt-isolation material in controlling salt movement in saline soil and improving tree growth in the coastal regions.

土地盐碱化是限制土地资源利用的一个主要障碍,在耕地面积逐渐减少的今天,改良利用盐碱地早已提上了科学日程。在天津滨海盐碱地区,通过田间完全随机区组实验设计,对比分析了4种土壤盐分隔离措施(对照-不设隔盐处理,CK;沸石隔盐处理,FS;陶粒隔盐处理,TL;河沙隔盐处理,HS)对0-80 cm土层水盐运移及刺槐( Robinia pseudoacacia )光合特性的影响,目的是通过评估不同隔盐材料的控盐改土效果,为滨海地区盐渍土改良和沿海防护林营造等林业生态工程建设提供理论依据。研究结果表明:(1) FS和TL可以显著提高土壤相对水分含量,为刺槐生长创造更加适宜的水分环境。FS导致0-80 cm土体内盐分含量和土壤盐溶质浓度显著降低,控盐效果显著。TL仅在40 cm以下土层有显著降盐效果,控盐效果仅次于FS。与对照相比,HS对0-80 cm土体内盐分含量和土壤盐溶质浓度无显著影响,降盐效果最差。(2) FS处理能显著提高刺槐的净光合速率( Pn )、蒸腾速率( Tr )、气孔导度( Gs )及叶片水分利用效率(LWUE),降低胞间CO 2 浓度( Ci )。TL可显著提高刺槐叶片的 Pn 、 Tr ,但改善效果不及FS,并且其对 Gs 、 Ci 和LWUE没有显著影响。与对照相比,HS虽然能显著增加刺槐叶片 Pn 和 Tr ,但却导致LWUE显著降低。综上所述,在滨海地区采用沸石作为隔盐材料比采用传统材料河沙更能有效保水降盐,促进植物光合及生长,可以作为滨海盐碱地区隔盐材料的优先选择。

The effects of different saline-alkaloid stresses on both seed germination and seedling growth of five tested grasses were studied in this paper. Results showed that the low concentration of saline-alkaloid stress (concentration was 20 mmol·L -1 ) improved the seed germination abilities of Leymus chinensis ‘Nongjing 11’ and Leymus chinensis , whereas high concentration decreased seed germination. Saline-alkaloid stress had little influence on Elytrigria repens ‘Nongjing 7’. The germination rate, germination index and vigor index of Bromus inermis ‘Nongjing 12’ and Roegneria nutans ‘Nongjing 3’ under saline-alkaloid stress were decreased comparing with control, and had negative correlation with stress concentration. The shoot height and root length of Leymus chinensis ‘Nongjing 11’ under 20 mmol·L -1 saline-alkaloid stress increasing compared with control showed that the low concentration of saline-alkaloid stress promoted the seedling growth of Leymus chinensis ‘Nongjing 11’. Saline-alkaloid stress decreased the seedling growth of Leymus chinensis , Elytrigria repens ‘Nongjing 7’, Bromus inermis ‘Nongjing 12’ and Roegneria nutans ‘Nongjing 3’. The saline-alkaloid tolerance of 5 tested grasses was ranked as Elytrigia ‘Nongjing 7’> Leymus chinensis ‘Nongjing 11’> Leymus chinensis > Bromus inermis ‘Nongjing 12’> Roegneria nutans ‘Nongjing 3’.

以农菁11号羊草( Leymus chinensis ‘Nongjing 11’)、农菁7号偃麦草( Elytrigria repens ‘Nongjing 7’)等5个禾本科牧草品种为试验材料,研究不同浓度(0,20,40,60,80,100,120 mmol·L -1 )混合盐碱(NaCl,Na 2 SO 4 ,NaHCO 3 和Na 2 CO 3 )胁迫对种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为牧草品种在盐碱化草地的建植提供参考。结果表明:低浓度胁迫(≤20 mmol·L -1 )可提高农菁11号羊草、东北羊草和农菁7号偃麦草种子的萌发能力,高浓度(>60 mmol·L -1 )降低种子萌发。农菁7号偃麦草各处理间的发芽率差异不明显( P >0.05),表明在试验设置的浓度范围内盐碱胁迫对其种子萌发影响不大。盐碱胁迫后农菁12号无芒雀麦( Bromus inermis ‘Nongjing 12’)和农菁3号垂穗鹅观草( Roegneria nutans ‘Nongjing 3’)的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均低于对照,且与胁迫浓度成显著负相关。混合盐碱浓度20 mmol·L -1 处理后农菁11号羊草幼苗的苗长和根长高于对照,其他浓度下低于对照。盐碱胁迫浓度大于20 mmol·L -1 时抑制牧草幼苗生长,浓度越高抑制作用越强。

In order to explore the effects of complex salt-alkali stresses on seed germination of Oat ( Avena sativa ), six alkali concentration treatments with six levels of salinity each, and in total 36 kinds of salt-alkali conditions were simulated by mixing neutral salts (NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 ) and alkaline salts (NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 ) in various proportions. Germination percentage, germination energy, radicle and shoot length were measured. The results showed that, germination percentage and germination energy both decreased with increasing salinity under all alkali treatments, and the salinity inhibit effects increased as alkali concentration increased. When subjected to the highest salinity (144 mmol·L -1 ), germination percentage was 25.6%, 11.1%, 0, 0, 0 and 0, respectively, as alkaline salts proportion increased from 0 to 100%. Radicle and shoot length had the similar downtrends with germination index, and radicle growth was more sensitive to salinity stress. Stepwise regression analysis showed that, salinity was the dominant stress factor affecting seed germination. This may attribute to osmotic stress which mainly determined by sodium concentration in present study.

为明确复合盐碱胁迫对燕麦( Avena sativa )种子发芽的影响, 将中性盐NaCl、Na 2 SO 4 与碱性盐NaHCO 3 、Na 2 CO 3 按不同比例混合, 依照碱浓度逐渐增加的原则分为6个胁迫处理组, 每组设定6种不同盐浓度, 来测定36种复合盐碱胁迫条件下燕麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、胚根与胚芽长等生长指标。结果表明, 在各胁迫处理组下, 燕麦种子的发芽率与发芽势均随着盐浓度的增加而下降, 且碱性盐比例越大下降越明显。在最高浓度胁迫下(144 mmol·L -1 ), 无碱性盐存在的胁迫组燕麦种子发芽率为25.6%, 碱性盐比例最低的胁迫组为11.1%, 其余各组处理则均为0。胚根与胚芽生长表现出与发芽率相似的变化规律, 且胚根对胁迫更敏感。对各胁迫因素与发芽指标进行逐步回归分析, 发现在众多胁迫因素中, 盐浓度起主要作用。由于植物在种子发芽阶段主要受水分的控制, 而在复合盐碱胁迫下, 水势主要由盐浓度决定, 因此, 盐浓度是复合盐碱胁迫下燕麦种子发芽的决定性因素。

In the present study, the effects of salinity, alkalinity, temperature and their interactions on seed germination of Medicago falcata were evaluated by treated with two neutral salts (NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 ), two alkaline salts(Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 ), and three alternating temperature(10/20 ℃, 15/25 ℃ and 25/35 ℃). The results showed that seed germination percentage and germination rate were significantly affected ( P <0.05) by salinity, alkalinity, temperature and their interactions. The seed germination percentage and germination rate were the highest under treatments at 10/20 ℃ or 15/25 ℃, and there was no significant difference between them. The seed germination percentage and germination rate decreased with the increasing of salinity and alkalinity concentrations and the deleterious effect of alkali stress was more severe than salt stress. Seed germination was significantly inhibited by treatment at 25/35 ℃ which also aggravated the inhibition of alkali and salt stress on seed germination. M. falcata had some tolerance to alkaline salts and high pH which germinated well under 25 mmol·L -1 Na 2 CO 3 and 30 mmol·L -1 NaHCO 3 treatments.

为了探讨盐、碱胁迫与温度交互作用对黄花苜蓿( Medicago falcata )种子萌发的影响,选用两种中性盐(NaCl、Na 2 SO 4 )和两种碱性盐(Na 2 CO 3 、NaHCO 3 ),3个温度(10/20 ℃、15/25 ℃和25/35 ℃)处理,测定各因子对种子最终发芽率及发芽速度的影响。结果表明,盐、碱胁迫与温度及其交互作用对黄花苜蓿种子发芽均有显著影响( P <0.05)。黄花苜蓿种子发芽率和发芽速度在10/20 ℃或15/25 ℃处理下最高,并且两者之间差异不显著( P >0.05)。随着盐、碱胁迫浓度的增加,种子发芽率和发芽速度降低,且碱性盐的胁迫作用大于中性盐。25/35 ℃高温显著抑制了各个处理下黄花苜蓿种子发芽,并且加剧了盐、碱胁迫对种子萌发的抑制作用。黄花苜蓿对碱性盐和高pH有一定的耐受性,在25 mmol·L -1 的Na 2 CO 3 和30 mmol·L -1 的NaHCO 3 处理下均能良好发芽。

The 16 morphological variations and their distribution rules of 41 accessions of Elytrigia repens were studied, and the cluster analysis of 34 materials was carried out based on correlation analysis and principal component analysis of 16 morphological indexes. The result showed that the variations of the morphological indexes were great within species, and the coefficient of variation was 4.88%-33.30%. The coefficient of variation of leave level height was 33.30% and ranked the first, followed by length of flag leaf (26.03%), and the variation of seed length, seed width, seed thickness, glumes length and leaf length were low, the coefficient of variation was under 10.0%. There was significant positive correlation between the height of reproduction branch and the altitude（P

对41份偃麦草Elytrigia repens种质资源的16个外部性状变异及其分布规律进行研究，并在对16个指标性状进行相关分析及主成分分析的基础上，对34份材料进行聚类分析。结果表明，偃麦草种内形态指标变异较大，变异系数为4.88%～33.30%，其中叶层高度变异系数最大,达33.30%,其次为旗叶长（26.03%），而种子宽度、种子长度、种子厚度、颖长、叶长变异较小，均在10.0%以下；海拔高度与偃麦草生殖枝高呈显著正相关（P

小麦作为我国最主要的粮食作物之一,其品质和产量的稳步提高对国家粮食安全起着极其重要的作用.偃麦草属作为小麦属的近缘属,具有很多普通小麦本身所不具备的遗传特性.控制这些特性的基因对改良普通小麦的抗性和品质等方面具有重要作用.本研究就偃麦草属种质资源在普通小麦远缘杂交育种中的应用现状进行了总结,涉及利用偃麦草属创制育种材料的研究和偃麦草属在改良小麦特性育种方面的应用.在后者中,分别从偃麦草属中的一些物种在小麦抗病、提高小麦抗逆境性能和改良小麦谷蛋白品质育种等方面进行了简介.结果表明,引入偃麦草属中的一些种的新的抗病基因,如抗条锈病的基因,抗黄矮病的基因以及抗赤霉病的基因等,发现其后代出现有优良的抗相关病的突变体,而且通过偃麦草与普通小麦的杂交及回交转育工作,获得了抗旱和耐胁迫的品质比较优良的小麦品种,偃麦草属在改良小麦谷蛋白品质方面有一初步介绍.

以20%聚乙二醇溶液(PEG-6000)为渗透介质模拟干旱胁迫条件,对29份偃麦草种质资源进行了种子萌发期抗旱性评价.结果表明: PEG胁迫降低了偃麦草种质资源的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数,抑制了胚芽和胚根的生长发育.以相对发芽率、相对胚根长、相对胚芽长、萌发抗旱指数、胁迫指数、相对发芽势及相对活力指数为依据,通过隶属函数法综合评价认为,29份偃麦草种质资源的抗旱性顺序依次为:E39＞E14＞E11＞E13＞E16＞E03＞E07＞E25＞E34＞E42＞E09＞E29＞E17＞E31＞E21＞E26＞E06＞E10＞E12＞E27＞E38＞E08＞E01＞E04＞E41＞E19＞E37＞E02＞E24. Abstract： The drought-resistance evaluation of 29 accessions of Elytrigria repens at seed germination stage was studied by simulated drought stress with 20% PEG-6000 solution. The results showed that the germination rate, germination energy, germination index and vitality index of E. repens decreased, and the length of embryonic bud and embryonic root also decreased under PEG stress. Based on the relative germination energy, relative germination rate, relative vitality index, relative embryonic bud length, relative embryonic root length, germination drought-resistance index and germination stress index, with Membership function method, the drought-resistance sequence of 29 accessions of E. repens from high to low was E39 > E14 > E11 > E13 > E16 > E03 > E07 > E25 > E34 > E42 > E09 > E29 > E17 > E31 > E21 > E26 > E06 > E10 > E12 > E27 > E38 > E08 > E01 > E04 > E41 >E19 > E37 > E02 > E24.

以黑龙江省野生偃麦草为试验材料,提取冬季偃麦草根茎的非质体蛋白.通过对蛋白质进行SDSPAGE分析,发现冬季偃麦草非质体蛋白有6条清晰的条带,分子质量为68.0、46.0、39.0、34.0、28.0、23.0ku的蛋白均有可修饰冰晶形态抗冻蛋白存在,其中分子质量为68.0、46.0、28.0、23.0ku的蛋白具有较高的抗冻活性,34.0ku的蛋白具有较弱的抗冻活性,39.0ku蛋白基本不具抗冻活性;冬季偃麦草非质体蛋白浓度越高,抗冻活性越强.

Based on simulation salt stress with mixture of 1.2% of NaCl∶Na2SO4(1∶1), the routine paper bed culture was used to estimate the salt tolerance of 38 germplasm resources of Elytrigria repens at the seed germination stage by measuring the germination rate, germination energy, germ length, embryonic root length, vitality index, germination salt tolerance index and germination stress index. The results of this study showed that the salt stress decreased the germination rate, germination energy, germination Index and vitality index of E.repens, inhibited the growth of E.repens germ and radical, and also decreased the germination characteristic of E.repens. According to the comprehensive evaluation value, the salt tolerance sequence of 38 E.repens accessions from high to low was E03, E31, E16, E17, E42, E26, E04, E25, E12, E38, E15, E36, E13, E32, E09, E21, E07, E08, E01, E29, E10, E18, E24, E28, E30, E23, E11, E39, E02, E34, E19, E35, E06, E40, E33, E41, E37, E27.

为评价偃麦草(Elytrigia repens)种子萌发期耐盐性强弱，采用常规纸上发芽法，以1.2%氯化钠和硫酸钠（质量比为1∶1）模拟盐胁迫，对38份偃麦草的发芽率、发芽势、胚芽长、胚根长、活力指数、萌发耐盐指数、萌发胁迫指数等进行测定。结果表明，盐胁迫降低了偃麦草种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数，抑制了其胚芽和胚根的生长，降低了偃麦草萌发性能；根据综合评价值，38份偃麦草材料的耐盐性由强到弱依次为E03、E31、E16、E17、E42、E26、E04、E25、E12、E38、E15、E36、E13、E32、E09、E21、E07、E08、E01、E29、E10、E18、E24、E28、E30、E23、E11、E39、E02、E34、E19、E35、E06、E40、E33、E41、E37、E27。

摘　要： 采用盆栽育苗法 ,对偃麦草属 3种植物的持水力和蒸腾速率进行了测定。提出了判定植物持水力的新概念 -拐点持水力。依此方法 ,毛偃麦草的持水力远大于偃麦草和中间偃麦草。毛偃麦草的蒸腾速率明显低于其他两种植物

对10份自国外引进的野生偃麦草属种质材料在不同梯度NaCl胁迫下,测定存活率、K+/Na+、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量等12项指标,进行相关分析、主成分分析、隶属函数法和通径分析.结果表明,1)筛选出存活率、K+/Na+、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、生长胁迫指数、相对生长速度6个可以对偃麦草属植物耐盐性进行评价的指标;2)根据耐盐综合评价值(D)得出材料耐盐性排序为ZXY04P-6＞ZXY04P-210＞ZXY04P-29＞ZXY04P-490＞ZXY04P-176＞ZXY04P-103＞ZXY03P-271＞ZXY04P-157＞ZXY03P-444＞ZXY03P-289;3)10个材料的耐盐性预测值(VP)与综合评价值(D)极显著相关.

In order to understand the salt-resistance of 33 Elytrigria repens accessions in the period of seed germination, the germination rate, germination index, the length of plumule and radical andseedling weight were measured under 0,0.4%,0.8% and 1.2% NaCl condition and the evaluation was done by membership function method. The results showed that with the increasing of salt concentration, the germination rate, the germination index，the length of radical and plumule decreased, and the change of seedling weight had no rule. By analysis on indexes variance of different concentration among 33 materials, 1.2%NaCl was appropriate concentration for evaluation on salt-resistance in the period of seed germination of E. repens. According to the comprehensive evaluation of salt-tolerance, E04, E08, E23, E11 and E25 had high salt-resistance, and E27, E35, E37, E38 had low salt-resistance.

为了解33份新疆偃麦草(Elytrigia repens)种质芽期耐盐性强弱，分别对其在0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2% NaCl胁迫下的发芽率、发芽指数、胚芽长、胚根长、苗重进行测定，并采用隶属函数法对其耐盐性进行评价。结果表明，随着盐浓度的增加，33份种质的发芽率、发芽指数、胚根长、胚芽长表现出明显的降低趋势，而苗重变化不规律；对不同浓度下33份种质各指标变异分析认为，1.2% NaCl是偃麦草芽期耐盐评价的适宜浓度；根据耐盐性综合评价，认为材料E04、E08、E23、E11、E25耐盐性较强，而E27、E35、E37、E38的耐盐性较弱。

采用温室苗期模拟NaCl盐分胁迫方法,对来自于21个国家的偃麦草属8个植物种34份种质材料苗期的叶片相对含水量、相对电导率、脯氨酸、K+/Na+、相对生长速度变化率、耐盐系数、存活率和出现盐害到死亡的时间等指标进行测定与分析,并对偃麦草属植物种质材料苗期的耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明,上述指标均是偃麦草属植物种质材料苗期耐盐性评价的有效指标。且通过对0.9%NaCl浓度下的各项指标进行综合聚类,可将34份偃麦草属植物种质划分为3个耐盐级别,即耐盐种质有ER030、ER035、ER041、EE011、EE014、EE017、EE023、EE026、EE047、EH001、EH002和EPU02;中度耐盐种质有ER008、ER014、ER027、ER032、ER037、ER038、ER044、ER045、EE007、EE027、EJ001、EPO02、EPO03和EPO04;敏盐种质有ER028、ER033、ER036、ER039、EE022、EJ003、EL001和EI022。

摘　要： 通过盆栽试验,采用人为加入NaCl的方法以控制土壤含盐量（0.40%,0.60%,0.80%）,研究盐胁迫对2年生银水牛果（Shepherdia argentea）幼苗叶片生长和生理特性的影响,结果表明：（1）随着土壤含盐量的增加,银水牛果幼苗的生长明显受到抑制,株高、生物积累量降低,单株总叶面积、叶片相对含水量减少,净光合速率下降;（2）随胁迫时间的延长,银水牛果幼苗叶片净光合速率在含盐量低于0.60%的土壤中先降低后升高,表明植物幼苗已适应了该盐分的土壤,银水牛果具有较强的耐盐性,本试验条件下以净光合速率下降50%为标准求得银水牛果的耐盐阈值为0.63%;（3）在相同含盐量的土壤中,与对照相比,Ca^（2＋）的降幅小于K^＋,表明银水牛果幼苗叶片以维持较高的Ca^（2＋）含量,保证自身代谢的正常进行,通过提高Mg^（2＋）含量以维持自身正常的光合作用,从而适应盐胁迫。

Soil salinity is a serious worldwide problem causing reduction in crop growth and agricultural output potential. Consequently, finding new ways to minimize the adverse effects of soil salinization on agriculture is globally important. Understanding the adaptation mechanisms of higher plants to salt stress is critical for enhancing salt tolerance and yields of crop plants as well as protecting ecological environments. In this paper, we reviewed the key progresses in salt stress adaptation of higher plants, including the effects of salt stress in plants; physiological mechanism of plant salt tolerance (osmotic adjustment, nutrient balance and the antioxidant system); the diversity of genes relevant to salt tolerance (ion transporting protein genes, osmotic regulation-related genes, signal transduction-related genes and cellular antioxidant-related genes and so on); and the approaches for crop improvement in salt tolerance. Prospects for developing crop plants tolerant to salinity are also discussed.

土壤盐碱化已经成为制约农作物生长及产量的重要因子之一,寻求将盐碱化对植物的危害降低到最小程度的策略势在必行。关于植物对盐逆境适应能力的研究已成为全球关注的热点, 如何提高植物的耐盐能力也已成为研究的重中之重。深入探究高等植物适应盐逆境的机制,有助于提高植物耐盐性,增加作物产量和保护生态环境。本文就高等植物适应盐逆境的重点研究进展,综述了盐胁迫对植物的危害;植物耐盐的生理机制,包括渗透调节、营养元素平衡和增强抗氧化胁迫等;植物耐盐相关基因研究进展,包括离子转运蛋白基因、渗透调节相关基因、信号传导相关基因和细胞抗氧化相关基因等;提高植物耐盐性的途径。最后针对今后植物适应盐逆境方面的研究方向进行了展望。